scholarly journals Presentation of invasive cervical cancer in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Shirin Akter Begum ◽  
Noor-E- Ferdous ◽  
Qamrun Nahar ◽  
Sayeda Fatema Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Cervical cancer is a disease of significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. More than 85% of the disease occurs in developing countries. Bangladesh, like other developing countries faces a burden of the disease. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>ObJec­tive:</strong> To find out the different way of presentation of invasive cervical cancer patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynaecologic Oncology wing of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bang­abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during 1st January 2007 to 30th April 2008. One hundred and four patients with invasive cervical cancer admitted in hospital were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling. All the infor­mation were collected in a pre-designed structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS version: 17.0. Frequency distributions were used to present the characteristics of the patients. Chi-square test was calcu­lated and the significant level was set at P&lt;0.05. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum patients (60.6%) were in stage II. Majority of the patients (61.5%) presented with abnormal bleeding. Exophytic growth was found in the majority of the patients (71.2%). Squamous cell carcinoma was more (92.3%) in the majority of patients and adenocarcinoma was more in younger age group. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The status of the patients irJ this study reflects advanced stage of the disease at presentation and the peak incidence was observed in 36-45 years age group.</p>

scholarly journals FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION IN ADULT STROKE POPULATION OF D.I.KHAN DIVISION, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazafatul Ain ◽  
Saira Khan ◽  
Muhammad Marwat ◽  
Nisar Khan ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stroke Population ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown the stroke as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for year 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution and determinants of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. A sample 217 was selected with margin of error 5.59%, 90%CL and 50% prevalence of hypertension in 200,000 adults at risk of stroke population through consecutive sampling. All indoor adult patients of stroke were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of hypertension were variables. Frequency and distribution of hypertension were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 217 patients with stroke, 123 (56.7%) were men and 94 (43.3%) were women, 86 (39.6%) were≤60 years and 131 (60.4%) were>60 years, and 105 (48.4%) were urban and 112 (51.6%) were rural. Frequency of hypertension was 132/217 (60.83%). Out of 132 patients with hypertension, men were 74 (34.10%), women 58 (26.73%), age group≤60 years 46 (21.20%), >60 years 86 (39.63%), urban 72 (33.18%) and rural 60 (27.65%). Presence of hypertension was associated to residence (p=.023) but not to sex (p=.817) and age groups (p=.072). Conclusion: Frequency of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan was found to be similar as expected. Frequency was more in men, in older age group (of>60years) and in urban population. The presence of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division was associated to residence but not to sex and age groups.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN ADULT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME POPULATION OF D.I.KHAN DIVISION, PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Marwat ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Fariha Ashiq ◽  
Sania Ali ◽  
Sher Zamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency, distribution and determinants of DM in adult acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Departments of Ophthalmology & Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. 331 cases were selected with margin of error 4.511%, 90%CL and 25% prevalence of DM in 73,438 adults assumed to have IHD. All indoor adult patients of ACS were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of DM were variables. Frequency and distribution were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 331 patients with ACS, 225 (68.0%) were men and 106 (32.0%) women, 221 (66.8%) ≤60 years and 110 (33.2%) >60 years, and 210 (63.4%) urban and 121 (35.6%) rural. Frequency of DM was 79/331 (23.87%). Out of 79 patients with DM, men were 44 (13.29%), women 35 (10.57%), age group ≤60 years 57 (17.22%), >60 years 22 (6.65%), urban 53 (16.01%) and rural 60 (7.85%). Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected (p=.00214), our distribution by sex was similar to expected (p=.4993) while our distribution for age groups (p=.01209) and residence (p=.00005) were not similar to expected. Presence of DM was associated to sex (p=.011) but not to age groups (p=.0304) and residence (p=.5241). Conclusion: Prevalence of DM in adult ACS population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan was found lower than expected. The prevalence was more in men than women, more in younger age group (≤60 years) than older age group (>60 years) and more in urban than rural population. Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected, our distribution by sex was similar to expected while our distribution for age groups and residence were not similar to expected. The presence of DM was associated to sex but not to age groups and residence.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cryptosporidium in Patients With Gastroenteritis by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Method in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran During 2018-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Alireza Javidmehr ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Amir Babak Sioufi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is caused by Cryptosporidium species and leads to acute or chronic diarrhea and vomiting in patients. Due to the suitable conditions of East Azerbaijan province for parasite transmission, the present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with gastroenteritis referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients with diarrhea who referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. In this study, 180 fecal samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis by cluster-random sampling. Stool samples were stored in 10% formalin and transferred to a parasitology laboratory and examined for parasite contamination by modified acid-fast staining (Modified Ziehl-Neelsen) method. Data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS. Results: Out of 180 samples, the highest number of diarrhea samples belonged to the age group over 40 years (35.5%) and the lowest belonged to the age group of 10-20 years (7.7%). Additionally, 56% of subjects were male and 44% were female. Of these patients, 57.7% lived in urban areas and 42.3% in rural areas. Cryptosporidium was observed in 1.6% (3 cases) of patients with gastroenteritis. There was a statistically significant relationship between Cryptosporidium infection and the age of patients with diarrhea (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, a lower prevalence of cryptosporidiosis has been determined in comparison with previous studies in East Azerbaijan province. However, Cryptosporidium and other parasitic infections in the feces of patients with diarrhea referred to hospitals or reference laboratories need to be carefully diagnosed by appropriate parasitological methods.

scholarly journals Study of socio-demographic factors causing interruption of anti-tuberculosis treatment in DOTS centre in Warangal district of Telangana State

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4107
Author(s):  
Tagaram Ramchandra ◽  
N. Pragathi Kumar ◽  
Niharika Lakkoju
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tribal Area ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Tribal Areas

Background: Tuberculosis has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. It causes ill-health in millions of people each year and in 2015 it was one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Understanding the specific reasons for unsuccessful outcomes is important to improve the treatment system. This present study was carried out to find out the effects of socio-demographic factors on TB defaulters under DOTS centre in Warangal District, Telangana state.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried among 103 defaulters of TB patients in 3 TB units (TU) Warangal (urban), Ragunathapally (rural) and Eturunagaram (tribal) out of 7 TB units in Warangal district, attached to District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC) from January 2016 to June 2016 by interview technique utilising a pretested and structured questionnaire to collect the data. Statistical analysis: Percentages, proportions and chi-square test were applied whenever necessary.Results: In present study, males (35%) were more than females (7.8%) and 42.8% were in the age group of 40-55 years, followed by 28.1% were 26-39 years age group. Majority of defaulters were in nuclear family (77.7%) followed by joint family (21.3%). Cost of travel as a reason for default of treatment was seen more in tribal area (16.5%) than rural (12.6%) and urban (4.8%) TUs. The TB patients residing in tribal areas are more prone to default, an important reason being the distance needed to travel to the closest health facility, availability and the need to travel by public transport.Conclusions: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which has a devastating impact on the economic wellbeing of individual and their families. Most of the defaulters were illiterates residing in tribal area. Cost of travel as a reason for default of treatment was seen more in tribal TU 17(16.5%) than urban and rural TUs.

scholarly journals Can Knowledge about Post Extraction Instruction Affect Post Extraction Behavior: A Cross Sectional Study among the Patients Visited Taibah University College of Dentistry Clinic, Madinah, KSA

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Yaser A. M. Al Sahafi ◽  
Ahmad Mufadi Al Juhani ◽  
Badr Mohammad Foudah ◽  
Lujain Atiq Alrehaily ◽  
Samar Amar Al Jabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extraction Behavior ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Dental Assistant ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Teeth are among the most important parts of our body which help in mastication, phonetic and esthetic. Now a days tooth extraction can be avoided due to availabilities of most advanced treatment. Mostly, extraction is the treatment of choice for extensive caries and severe periodontitis because of late reporting to dentist due to lack of knowledge. Knowledge about post extraction complications and their management can prevent the occurrence of untoward sequalae following extraction. Previous studies have shown that preoperative patient education can help in decreasing postoperative anxiety, pain and complications. Methodology: This is a questionnaire based cross-sectional descriptive study. The study was conducted during the period of January to March 2018. Total of 250 patients (138 males and 112 females) were included in the study by the convenient method of sampling that visited the dental clinics of college of Dentistry, Taibah University. Validated questionnaire was asked about post extraction preventive knowledge. Categories of answer was good, average and poor according to number of correct answers. The statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 (SPSS Inc Chicago, IL, USA). The significant value was obtained by using Chi Square test and p < 0.05 was set to be significant. Results: Females and 31-45 years age group had better post extraction preventive knowledge and there was significant relation. Nationality and education level had no significant relation with level of post extraction preventive knowledge. The patients who had better knowledge followed the instructions precisely. Conclusion: It was concluded that female, patients above middle age group and more qualified patients had more post extraction preventive knowledge and they also followed the instructions very strictly. The importance of study came out that dentist or dental assistant should explain and convince them to follow proper post-operative instruction to avoid complications.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA GOLONGAN DARAH DAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoma Kristiani Tarukbua’ ◽  
Lucia Panda ◽  
Ventje Kawengian
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease with a high mortality rate in both developed and developing countries. Blood type is a particular feature of human in an individual's blood, such as ABO and Rhesus groups. The purpose of this study to determine the relate of blood type and CHD. Methods Cross sectional study using a study by the number of respondents in this study were 42 patients CHD checks from November to December 2012 at poliklinik Jantung BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou, Manado. Based on Chi Square test showed the value of Pearson Chi Square, which obtained significance value is 1.000 (significant value <0.05), so it was concluded that there is no significant relate between blood type and CHD. Keywords: CAD, Blood Group, Cross Sectional     Abstrak: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan penyakit dengan angka mortalitas yang tinggi baik di negara maju maupun berkembang. Golongan darah merupakan ciri khusus darah dari suatu individu, seperti golongan ABO maupun Rhesus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan golongan darah dan PJK. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi Cross Sectional dengan jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 42 pasien PJK yang melakukan pemeriksaan mulai bulan November hingga Desember 2012 di poliklinik Jantung BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou, Manado. Berdasarkan uji Chi Square menunjukkan nilai Pearson Chi Square, yang didapatkan nilai signifikansinya adalah 1,000 (nilai signifikan <0,05), sehingga disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara golongan darah dan PJK. Kata kunci: PJK, Golongan Darah, Cross Sectional

Frequency of Crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1909
Author(s):  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Faisal BDS ◽  
Hafiza Asma Jawaid ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: To determine the frequency of crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Methods: A total of 200 patients (126 females, 74 males) having malocclusion in permanent dentition were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients in the age group 7years and above were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version20.0. Cross tabulations were performed for gender and age groups and chi square test was used to determine association. Results: The frequency of crowding was found to be 29%. The percentage of crowding in males was 12% and females 17 %. While the frequency of crowding was 31% in males and 28% in females. It was found that there was a decrease in crowding with increasing age in both genders. Conclusion: Crowding was more frequent in females than males. Keywords: Malocclusion, Alignment, Orthodontics

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI RESISTANCE TO CEFTRIAXONE IN ADULT INDOOR UTI POPULATION OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Ubed Ullah ◽  
Kiran Javed ◽  
Muhammad Asim Khan ◽  
Imran Ullah ◽  
Noor Ul Iman
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Escherichia coliresistance to ceftriaxone in UTIs is an emerging health problem.Our objectives were to determine prevalence, distribution and determinants of E. coliresistance to ceftriaxone in adult indoor UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. 380 UTIs cases were selected from population at riskconsecutively.Sex and age groups were demographic, while presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was research variable. All variables were nominal.Prevalenceand distribution were analyzed by count, percentage and confidence intervals for proportion for population. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 380 patients with UTI, 136 (35.80%) were men,244(64.20%) women, 262 (68.95%) in age group 18-45 years and 118 (31.05%) in age group 46-65 years. Frequency/ prevalence of E. coli resistance was 287/380 (75.53%, 95%CI 71.20-79.85). Out of 287 patients with E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone, 101 (26.58%) were men and 186 (48.95%) women, 198 (52.11%) in age group 18-45 years and 89 (23.42%) in age group 46-65 years. Our prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected (p<.00001), our distribution by sex(p<.00125) and age groups (p<.00001) were different than expected. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex (p=.669333) and age groups (p=.975097). Conclusion:Prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan was alarmingly high 75.53%. Prevalence was more in women than men and more in younger age group (18-45 years) than older age group (46-60 years) population.Overall prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected. Distribution by sex showed higher prevalence than expected in men and lower than expected in women, and higher than expected in younger age group and lower than expected in older age group. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex and age groups respectively in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan.

Prevalence of Tobacco use Among the Students in Professional and Non-Professional Colleges of Mathura City

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
A Chaudhary ◽  
K Dhanker ◽  
NA Ingle ◽  
N Kaur
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Introduction Tobacco in general is used as smoking and smokeless tobacco forms. These tobacco products are the global public health hazard for the health in general and oral health in particular. Aim To find the prevalence of tobacco use among the professional and non-professional college students of Mathura city. Material and Methods A cross sectional study carried out in Mathura city to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among the college students in the age group of 15 to 30 years (N= 1478). Students were grouped as professional (N=500) and non professional (N= 978). Structured pretested proforma was used to assess the prevalence of tobacco use. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi-Square test, ANOVA and PostHoc Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Results The subjects found to consume tobacco were 40%,whereas 60% were non-users. Conclusion It was concluded that tobacco use was higher among males as compared to females. The college years are a crucial period in the development or abandonment of adverse habits like tobacco use. Tobacco use in this group should be monitored closely, and young adults should be included in all tobacco control efforts.

scholarly journals Malaria awareness of adults in high, moderate and low transmission settings: A cross-sectional study in rural East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robertus Dole Guntur ◽  
Jonathan Kingsley ◽  
Fakir M. Amirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rural Adults

AbstractIntroductionThe Indonesian roadmap to malaria elimination in 2009 indicated that the country is progressing towards achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Currently, most of the districts in the western part of Indonesia have eliminated malaria, however, none of the districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP) have met set targets. This study aims to investigate the status of malaria awareness of rural adults in the ENTP.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019. Fourteen hundred and ninety-five participants from high, moderate, and low malaria endemic settings (MES) in ENTP were interviewed using a semi-structure questionnaire. A malaria awareness index was developed based on ten questions. Chi-square test was applied to investigate the significance of associations of malaria awareness with the three malaria endemic settings.ResultsParticipants were between 18 and 89 years old, 51.4% were female and 45.5% had completed primary education. Malaria awareness index was 48.8% with the highest in low MES 64.8%, followed by the moderate MES 44.4% and the high MES 37.2% (p<0.001). Of total participants, 81.3% were aware that malaria could be prevented and 75.1% knew at least one prevention measure. Overall, the awareness of fever as the main symptom of malaria, seeking treatment within 24 hours when suffering with malaria, and mosquito bites as the transmission mode of malaria was poor, 37.9%, 46.0%, and 59.1% respectively. The poor level of awareness was statistically significantly different amongst three MES, the level of awareness was the lowest in the high endemic setting.ConclusionMalaria awareness of rural adults needs to be improved to address Indonesia’s national action plan. Results indicate public health programs at a local government level should incorporate the malaria awareness index in their key strategic intervention packages to address local malaria awareness.

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