scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity Evaluation of Methanol Extract of Root Bark of Calotropis gigantea in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Kartini Hasballah ◽  
Murniana Sarong ◽  
Renzavaldy Rusly ◽  
Karina Tantri ◽  
Vera Dewi Mulia
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea

Many studies of root extract of Calotropis gigantea have been done to prove its potential as anticancer, antimicrobial, etc. agent C. gigantea plant itself is very easy to grow in tropical countries. However, studies of acute toxicity of C. gigantea root extract has not been performed.The purpose of this research was to know the safety level, the chemical constituents, and the acute toxicity of methanol extract of C. gigantea root bark given orally on Rattus norvegicus in rats. C. gigantea root bark was extracted by using methanol. The methanol extract was suspended in 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and administered orally by gavage (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg) in separate groups. On the day of fifteen, all animals were anesthetized and some selected vital organs were excised, weighed and macroscopically examined. The liver was assessed histopathologically. There were no lethal effects, behavioral changes and no significant change in body and organ weights compared to control after the administration of the extracts. Thus, the value of LD50 for oral administration of methanol extracts from root bark of C. gigantea was larger than 5000 mg/kg. Methanol extract of C. gigantea root bark must be considered safe enough as none of the rats were died along the study. But, it can damage the hepatic cell, if given in higher dose. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 243-250, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Akanda (Calotropis gigantea L.) on Some Pathogenic Bacteria.

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ashraful Alam ◽  
M Rowshanul Habib ◽  
Rarjana Nikkon ◽  
Matiar Rahman ◽  
M Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Petroleum Ether Fraction ◽  
Ether Fraction

The antibacterial activity of methanol extract from the root bark of Akanda (Calotropis gigantea L.) and its petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were investigated. Both of methanol extract and its chloroform fraction showed activity against Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Petroleum ether fraction showed activity against Bacillus subtilis and Shigella sonnei whereas ethyl acetate fraction showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at 20ìg/disc, 30ìg/disc and 40ìg/disc doses. Among the tested materials, methanol extract and its chloroform fraction showed comparatively better results. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for methanol extract and each fraction were also determined by serial dilution technique. Keywords: Methanol extract, Akonda (Calotropis gigantea), Petroleum ether fraction, Chloroform fraction and Ethyl acetate fraction.   DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1156Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 397-404, 2008

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Acute Toxicity Studies on the Methanol Extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (Fresen) Root Bark in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Joseph Fomnya Hyellavala
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and its intraperitoneal acute toxicity evaluated in mice. The phytochemical screening was carried out based on standard methods. The Median Lethal Dose (LD50 ) was determined using Lorke’s method while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (LD0 ) was determined by the method described by Mosser and Padilla. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. The extract produced intraperitoneal LD0 and LD50 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the research findings, the methanol extract of S. longepedunculata root bark was found to contain important phytochemicals which may be attributed to its enormous use in traditional medicine, but it was a highly toxic extract in mice with intraperitoneal LD50 and LD0 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of the Root Bark Extract and Isolated Chemical Constituents of Zanthoxylum paracanthum Kokwaro (Rutaceae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Magrate M. Kaigongi ◽  
Catherine W. Lukhoba ◽  
Souaibou Yaouba ◽  
Nokwanda P. Makunga ◽  
Joseph Githiomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities

Zanthoxylum paracanthum Kokwaro (Rutaceae) is an endemic Kenyan and Tanzanian plant used in folk medicine by local populations. Although other Zanthoxylum species have been studied, only Z. paracantum stem extracts have been profiled, even though the roots are also used as herbal remedies. As root extracts may be another source of pharmaceutical compounds, the CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) root bark extract was studied in this report. Eight root bark compounds were isolated and their structural identities were confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (using COSY, HSQC, NOESY and HMBC) analyses. The structural identities were determined as follows: the fatty acid—myristic acid (1); the sterol—stigmasterol (2); the lignan—sesamin (3); two β-carboline alkaloids—10-methoxycanthin-6-one (6) and canthin-6-one (7); and three phenanthridine alkaloids—8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (4), arnottianamide (5) and 8-oxochelerythrine (8). Some of these compounds were identified in the species for the first time. These compounds and the extract were then tested in vitro against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) before tests for antiproliferative activity against the human breast cancer (HCC 1395), human prostate cancer (DU 145) and normal (Vero E6) cell lines were conducted. Minimum inhibition concentration values of 3.91, 1.95, 0.98 and 7.81 µg/mL against MRSA, S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively, were recorded. Among the isolates, canthin-6-one was the most active, followed by 10-methoxycanthin-6-one. The root extract and some of the compounds also had antiproliferative activity against the HCC 1395 cell line. Stigmasterol and canthin-6-one had IC50 values of 7.2 and 0.42. The root bark extract also showed activity, at 8.12 µg/mL, against the HCC 1395 cells. Out of the chemical isolates, 10-methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one showed the strongest inhibition of the DU 145 cells. The root extract had significant antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities, supporting the traditional use of this plant in treating microbial infections and cancer-related ailments.

scholarly journals Bergenin from Cissus javana DC. (Vitaceae) root extract enhances glucose uptake by rat L6 myotubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081-1086
Author(s):  
Htoo Tint San ◽  
Panitch Boonsnongchee ◽  
Waraporn Putalun ◽  
Boonchoo Sritularak ◽  
Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
L6 Myotubes ◽  
Tuberous Roots

Purpose: To examine the glucose uptake stimulatory activity of the root extract of Cissus javana DC. (Vitaceae) in Lδ myotubes of rat, and also to identify the extract’s active principles.Methods: The methanol extract was prepared from Cissus javana tuberous roots and evaluated for glucose uptake stimulatory effects on Lδ rat muscle cells and inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. The chemical components were isolated using several chromatographic techniques, and their structures characterized by spectroscopic methods. Each isolate was then assayed for glucose uptake stimulatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.Results: The extract (100 μg/ml) exhibited glucose uptake stimulatory effect (70.9 % enhancement) and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity (100 % inhibition). Through chromatographic separation, bergenin, stigmast-4-en-3-one and β-sitosterol were isolated and identified. Bergenin, at 100 μg/ml (0.3046 mM), increased glucose uptake by Lδ myotubes by 50.5 % without toxicity. At the same concentration, bergenin showed no inhibition on α-glucosidase enzyme, while stigmast-4-en-3-one and β-sitosterol exhibited 98.6 and 40.6 %, inhibition, respectively.Conclusion: This study is the first report on the chemical constituents, and the glucose uptake stimulatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Cissus javana DC. roots. The findings reveal the antidiabetic potential of the plant and the glucose-uptake enhancing activity of bergenin. Keywords: Cissus javana, α-Glucosidase, Antidiabetes, Rat skeletal muscle cells, Bergenin

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Activities of Root Bark of Calotropis gigantea

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rowshanul Habib ◽  
M Ashraful Alam ◽  
MA Haque ◽  
Farjana Nikkon ◽  
M Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Penicillium Sp

In this study, methanol extract from the root bark of Calotropis gigantea L. and its petroleum ether (40°C-60°C), chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina, Leach) and for antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp and Trichoderma harzianum. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) screening showed that methanol extract and its different fractions contained different type compounds such as steroid, terpene, glycoside, heterocyclic and flavonoid. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it was found that chloroform fraction was highly cytotoxic (LD50 14.72 μg/ml) among the tested samples. Though methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction have no activity against all the tested fungi but petroleum ether and chloroform fractions showed potent activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, respectively, in antifungal activity test.  Key words: Calotropis gigantea; Methanol extract; Antifungal activity; Cytotoxicty.DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2187Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 38-41

scholarly journals Evaluation of effect of Calotropis gigantea root bark in some animal models of Wister albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Sujata Dudhgaonkar ◽  
Kavita M. Jaiswal ◽  
Pravin S. Uike ◽  
Latesh B. Raghute
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Calotropis gigantea is a well-documented traditional medicinal plant useful for many disease conditions. The present study deals with the effect of alcoholic extract of roots bark of Calotropis gigantean in some animal models.Methods: Acute anti-inflammatory activity of root extract was assessed on carrageenin induced paw edema and chronic antiinflammatory activity on cotton pellet granuloma formation in rats and compared with standard diclofenac sodium. Antiasthmatic activity was assessed in histamine and actylcholine induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.Results: 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. root extract of CG showed significant anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activity. Antiinflammatory activity was higher than Diclofenac Sodium 50mg/kg. The combination of low dose diclofenac sodium 25mg/kg potentiated the effect. Inhibitory effect on synthesis and release of various inflammatory mediators might contribute to both of these actions. Steroid like phytoconstituents might be responsible for these effects. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanism behind these effects.Conclusions: In the present study Calotropis gigantea root bark exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in animal models. 

Calotropis gigantea- A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Snehal Lad ◽  
Priya S. Rao ◽  
Dattaprasad N Vikhe
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
History Of Use

Calotropis gigantea plant has a family Asclepiadaceae commonly and sub family Apocynaceae known as Madar in Hindi. It is a perennial herb with a very long history of use in traditional medicines. Calotropis gigantea is a hoary, laticiferous shrub, which is also known as “the milkweed”. Calotropis is used as a traditional medicinal plant in whole world. Calotropis gigantea plant contain chemical constituents in which cardenolides, flavonoids, terpenes, pregnanes and nonprotein amino acid and more in various concentration. The root bark contains α-amyrin, β-amyrin, taraxasterol and its ψ-isomer taraxasteryl isovalerate, taraxasteryl acetate, gigantin, giganteol, isogiganteol, β-sitosterol and wax. The rootalso shows Nootropic activity in methanolic extract. The latex, leaves, flowers and bark are used as caustic, acrid, expectorant, to removes body hairs, anthelmintics and alsoused in leprosy, ulceration, cough, scabies ring worm of the scalp, piles, explosion on the body, asthma, enlargement of spleen or liver, edema and in painful joint swellings. Also, evaluate possible anxiogenic effect, sedative action and anxiolytic potential of crude ethanolic extract of Calotropis gigantealeaf. Methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea root used as memory increasing activity. This review gives an idea about its pharmacological activity and phytochemistry.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF Ficus sycomorus (Linn) (Moraceae) ROOT AND STEM BARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
H. Haruna ◽  
U. Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further

FTIR, GC-MS and HPLC analysis of Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5059-5066
Author(s):  
Sushma B K ◽  
Raveesha H R
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ester ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ms Analysis

The present work is aimed to determine the chemical constituents in Baliospermum montanum methanolic extracts. An in vitro regenerated procedure was developed for the induction of callus from stem explant cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various concentration and permutations of 2, 4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, 1-naphthalene acetic acid, 6-benzyl amino purine and gibberellic acid. FTIR &amp; GC-MS analysis was done according to standard procedure. The quantitative estimation of β-sitosterol was done by HPLC method. Maximum fresh and dry weight of callus was estimated in the combination of GA3 (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (2 mg/L) compared to other concentration. The FTIR analysis showed various functional compounds with different characteristic peak values in the extracts. Major bioactive constituents were recognized in the GC-MS analysis. Root extract revealed the existence of 1-hexadecanol, pentanoic acid, 2-(aminooxy)- and 1-hexacosanol. Leaf extract showed the presence of propanoic acid, 2-oxo-, trimethylsilyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, trimethylsilyl ester, docosane, 1,22-dibromo- and pentatriacontane. Stem and stem derived callus exhibit the presence of 1,6,3,4-dihydro-2-deoxy-beta-d-lyxo-hexopyranose, n-hexadecanoic acid and pentanoic acid, 2-(aminooxy). The methanolic extract of leaf exhibited 0.2149 % of β-sitosterol content. There were no peaks observed in the root, stem and stem derived callus. Further studies are necessary for the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from B. montanum.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Calotropis gigantea Root Bark Experimental Liver Damage Induced by D-Galactosamine in Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Pradeep Deshmukh ◽  
Tanaji Nandgude ◽  
Mahendra Singh Rathode ◽  
Anil Midha ◽  
Nitin Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Liver ◽  
Hepatoprotective Drug

The suspensions of alcoholic extract of root bark of the plant Calotropis gigantea in 0.6% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in Wistar albino rats by inducing hepatic injury with D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg). Alcoholic extract of root bark of the plant Calotropis gigantea at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) protection effect by normalizing the levels of aspartate amino transferase (ASAT/ GOT), alanine amino transferase (ALAT/GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were significantly (P<0.001) increased in rats by treatment with 400 mg/kg i.p. of D-galactosamine. Silymarin (25 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective drug used for comparison exhibited significant activity (P<0.001).

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