Not the Postmenopausal Syndromes, Urinary Complaints are the Most Common Presentation of the Post-Menopausal Women

Postmenopausal estrogen deprived state causes various types of vasomotor symptoms, urogenital symptoms, and long-term health hazards. Among the postmenopausal women, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of urogenital complaints, epidemiological studies relating with recurrent UTI, and to observe the changing pattern of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics for UTI. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Faridpur, Bangladesh, from January-December 2019. Total 244 postmenopausal women attending the clinic with various complaints were selected as the study population. In-depth history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations were done. Urinary culture and sensitivity were done to isolate the causative organism and to identify the current antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern. Among the study population, 94.7% had urinary complaints as their first concern. However, upon query, 85.2% of them revealed that they had other postmenopausal syndromes. Among the study population, 43.4% had recurrent UTI. Burning micturition was the most common (79.2%) urinary complaint. On urinary culture, 57.5% cases had no growth; among the rest, the most common organism was E. coli (19.8%) followed by Proteus (12.3%) and Klebsiella (10.4%). In Proteus and Klebsiella isolates, a high number of resistances for Nitrofurantoin have been found (75% and 66.7% accordingly). Urinary complaints are the most common presentation of postmenopausal women attending the gynecology clinic. They are seeking treatment not to improve the quality of life with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but getting rid of the pain of recurrent UTI. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2020;15(2): 85-91

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Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms: a cross sectional study of the general population

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thx.56.8.613 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (8) ◽

pp. 613-616

Author(s):

P Lange ◽

J Parner ◽

E Prescott ◽

C Suppli Ulrik ◽

J Vestbo

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Asthma Medication ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heart Study ◽

Prescription Practice

BACKGROUNDRecent evidence suggests a role for hormonal factors in the aetiology of asthma.METHODSData from a large study of women selected from the general population were used to relate treatment with oral hormonal contraceptives (OCP) and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to the following asthma indicators: self-reported asthma, wheezing, cough at exertion, and use of medication for asthma. The study sample comprised 1536 premenopausal and 3016 postmenopausal women who participated in the third round of the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 1991–4. A total of 377 women were taking OCP (24.5% of premenopausal women) and 458 were on HRT (15.2% of postmenopausal women).RESULTSIn premenopausal women 4.8% reported having asthma. The prevalence of self-reported asthma, wheeze, use of asthma medication, and cough at exertion was not significantly related to use of OCP. In postmenopausal women the prevalence of self-reported asthma was 6.2%. A weak but consistent association was observed between HRT and self-reported asthma (OR 1.42 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.12)), wheeze (OR 1.29 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.64)), cough at exertion (OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.77)), and use of asthma medication (OR 1.45 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.18)).CONCLUSIONSIn this study of the general population no relationship was found between the use of OCP and asthma. Although an association was observed between HRT and asthma and asthma-like symptoms, this was relatively weak and it is concluded that there is no necessity to change present prescription practice.

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A study about urinary tract infection among patients attending tertiary care hospital

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 2620 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arunachalam U. ◽

Ponmudi C. ◽

Prashant V. Solanke ◽

Deepam Das ◽

Vignesh N. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Group ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Recurrent Uti ◽

Study Population

Background: UTI is a second most common type of infection, accounting for nearly 25% of all infections. Lower UTIs are much more common in women than in men, particularly in the under 50’s. UTI are common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recurrent UTI is a common phenomenon that is observed among women who have experienced uncomplicated UTIs. Usually 5-10 days of antibiotic therapy is done for treating UTI. Successful antimicrobial therapy will usually ameliorate symptoms promptly, with substantial clinical improvement in 48 to 72 hours. The objective is to find out the knowledge and practice about UTI among UTI sufferers.Methods: The study design is cross sectional study. The study period is from July 2016 to February 2017. The study place is Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences. The sample size is (4PQ/d²) = 31. Systematic random sampling techniques are used. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained.Results: In the study 90.3% are women. In the study 32.3% had a recurrent UTI. In the study population about 51.7% take adequate or plenty of water. In this study 35.5% have poor knowledge, 42% have moderate knowledge and 19.5% have a good knowledge about UTI.Conclusions: From the study, it is learnt that UTI is common among the women and recurrence is the most common thing among the asymptomatic UTI group. The common symptom experienced by the study group is dysuria and frequency and most in the study group used to take less than recommended amount of water daily. They believe drinking plenty of water and cleanliness can prevent the UTI. The knowledge about UTI among the group is fairly good.

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Predictors of Initiating Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2019/1814804 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasan Çilgin

Keyword(s):

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Social Factors ◽

Employment Status ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

Objectives. Some of the social factors were related to hormone replacement therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine hormone replacement therapy (HRT) rates and to illustrate social factors affecting hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods. This study comprised a total of 1052 postmenopausal women, 926 of whom were reported menopausal symptoms and sought for the treatment. 432 of these 926 participants had treated their symptoms by receiving HRT. The data was collected with a data collection form prepared by the researcher by using face-to-face interview technique. In these analyses, chi-square and Backward Logistic regression analyses were used. Results. The multivariate analyses indicated that the decision to seek treatment was influenced by a multitude of factors. These factors included location of hormone replacement therapy (OR: 12.32 [3.21-44.46] in university hospital and OR: 5.42 [2.43–13.26] in private hospital), information received about HRT (OR: 7.25 [2.14,-30.80]), physicians’ counselling and involvement (OR: 5.24 [2.82-9.86]), knowledge of complications associated with HRT (OR: 6.21 [3.28-16.62]), and employment status (OR: 3.42 [1.86-5.58]). The current study identifies these factors affecting the HRT process in postmenopausal women. Conclusion. This study suggests that although the results do not demonstrate an exhaustive list of factors affecting the HRT process, they nonetheless provide evidence that the location participants applied for, physicians’ counselling and involvement, participant employment status, and knowledge surrounding HRT may affect a woman’s intent to receive HRT. Therefore, these results indicate that health professional influence and HRT awareness are important for HRT use. Suggestions for health care include informing women of the advantages and disadvantages of HRT to encourage popularity.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy and Dry Eye in Post Menopausal Women: Study in a Tertiary Centre in Malaysia

International Journal of Medical Students ◽

10.5195/ijms.2013.14 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Norshamsiah M Din ◽

Siti H. B. Sa’aid ◽

Lam C. Shen ◽

Yap S. Shu ◽

Marina B. A. Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Test Strip ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tear Production ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Menopause involves decrease in the body estrogen level. There are many disorders associated with estrogen deficiency state. Postmenopausal women frequently report dry eye symptoms due to the decrease in the level of circulating estrogen hormone. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is given to alleviate some of the menopausal effects. This study aimed to compare the tear production between postmenopausal women treated with or without HRT.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 140 participants attending various clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) namely the obstetric and gynecology, Surgery, Orthopedic and Otorhinolaryngology clinics over a period of 3 months. The subjects were either with or without HRT. Schirmer’s Test strip was used to measure the tear quantity. Dry eye was defined when the length of the moistened area on the strip is less than 5 mm.Results: The results showed significant difference in tear quantity in postmenopausal women treated with or without HRT (p=0.003). No correlation was observed between tear quantity and duration of HRT consumption (p=0.217). No significant correlation was also found between the tear quantity and duration of menopause (p=0.150).Conclusions: Our results suggested that HRT helps in improving tear production in postmenopausal women regardless of the duration of HRT consumption or menopause. However, duration of HRT consumption or menopause exert no significant effect on the tear quantity.

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Longitudinal associations between sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-20-0141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 418-425

Author(s):

Kristin Ottarsdottir ◽

Margareta Hellgren ◽

David Bock ◽

Anna G Nilsson ◽

Bledar Daka

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment

Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between SHBG and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-Ir) in men and women in a prospective observational study. Methods The Vara-Skövde cohort is a random population of 2816 participants living in southwestern Sweden, aged 30–74. It was recruited between 2002 and 2005, and followed up in 2012–2014. After excluding participants on insulin therapy or hormone replacement therapy, 1193 individuals (649 men, 544 women) were included in the present study. Fasting blood samples were collected at both visits and stored in biobank. All participants were physically examined by a trained nurse. SHBG was measured with immunoassay technique. Linear regressions were computed to investigate the association between SHBG and HOMA-Ir both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, adjusting for confounding factors. Results The mean follow-up time was 9.7 ± 1.4 years. Concentrations of SHBG were significantly inversely associated with log transformed HOMA-Ir in all groups with estimated standardized slopes (95% CI): men: −0.20 (−0.3;−0.1), premenopausal women: −0.26 (−0.4;−0.2), postmenopausal women: −0.13 (−0.3;−0.0) at visit 1. At visit 2 the results were similar. When comparing the groups, a statistically significant difference was found between men and post-menopausal women (0.12 (0.0;0.2) P value = 0.04). In the fully adjusted model, SHBG at visit 1 was also associated with HOMA-Ir at visit 2, and the estimated slopes were −0.16 (−0.2;−0.1), −0.16 (−0.3;−0.1) and −0.07 (−0.2;0.0) for men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Main conclusion Levels of SHBG predicted the development of insulin resistance in both men and women, regardless of menopausal state.

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Bone loss in early postmenopausal women: Cross-sectional results in a study population

Osteoporosis International ◽

10.1007/bf02500259 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (S1) ◽

pp. 180-180

Author(s):

W. J. Huster ◽

J. A. Neild ◽

P. M. Bryan ◽

M. W. Draper

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Postmenopausal Women ◽

Study Population

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Perception about COVID-19 vaccine among patients at the federal medical centre, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211865 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1281

Author(s):

Peter Chibuzor Oriji ◽

Dennis O. Allagoa ◽

Lukman Obagah ◽

Ebiye S. E. Tekenah ◽

Onyekachi S. Ohaeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Centre ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Study Population ◽

Taste And Smell ◽

Written Informed Consent ◽

Life Decision

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative organism of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a respiratory disease that was first identified in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China. Objective was to determine the perception of the COVID-19 among patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: This study was carried out at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa between 4th January and 15th February, 2021. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 1,000 consecutive patients that presented to the various out-patients departments of the hospital. Written informed consent was obtained. The data were collected with a predesigned questionnaire, and were analysed using statistical software (SPSS for windows® version 23, SPSS Inc.; Chicago, USA).Results: Out of 1,000 participants, only a quarter of the participants (24.6%) indicated willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine when available in Nigeria. About one-tenth of the participants have had loss of sense of taste and smell (11.7%), and think they possibly may have been infected with the COVID-19 (10.8%) in the recent past. Among those that were unwilling to take the COVID-19 vaccine, 14.2%, 9.0% and 7.5% thought that hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and septrin respectively, are safe alternatives to the vaccine.Conclusions: Although it is known that hypothetical choices may not always reflect real life decision, it is important for policy makers and stakeholders to pay more attention on health education and campaign, targeted at addressing the misconception about COVID-19 vaccine.

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Fatty Acid Profile of Postmenopausal Women Receiving, and Not Receiving, Hormone Replacement Therapy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16214273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (21) ◽

pp. 4273

Author(s):

Anna Maria Cybulska ◽

Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽

Arleta Drozd ◽

Kamila Rachubińska ◽

Jolanta Pawlik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Cross Sectional

Menopause, the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle, marks the end of a woman’s reproductive lifespan. Menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) can potentially skew the fatty acid profile increasing the risk for developing metabolic diseases and disorders of skeletal, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profile of postmenopausal women receiving, and not receiving, hormone replacement therapy. A total of 156 healthy women with a mean age of 60 participated in this cross-sectional study. Gas chromatography with an Agilent Technologies 7890A GC system was used to determine fatty acid content. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software, version 3.4.1. Women receiving MHT had significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of C14:0 and C16:0. MHT was found to be associated with a tendency (p = 0.053) to diminish concentrations of C18:1n-9, C20:4, and all unsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). The longer MHT was used, the higher the concentration of C24:1 (p = 0.04) and the lower the concentration of C18:2n-6 (p = 0.03).

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