scholarly journals A study on Antimicrobial Resistance: recent trend in Armed Forces of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-09
Author(s):  
Md Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Zaheedur Rahman ◽  
Md Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Developed Nations

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance has increased dramatically & to be a serious threat to the treatment of infectious disease on a global basis. As a result morbidity, mortality & economic burden of infections with multiple drug resistance organisms for which there are no effective therapies. Over use of antibiotics in developed nations of paradoxically both misuses of under use in developing nations have contributed to the burden. Objectives: The objective of the study is to identify common microorganisms and to assess their sensitivity to three selected antibiotics. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka, Bangladesh among samples of urine, blood, pus, sputum and throat swab. All of the samples of urine (173), Blood (31), pus (63), sputum (28) and throat swab (14) were tested for culture and sensitivity at AFIP over a period from January 2012 to February 2013. Selected antibiotics were ciprofloxacin, cephradine and cefixime. Results: Commonest organisms found in different samples were Escherichia coli in urine (57.8%), Salmonella typhi in blood (54.8%), Staphylococcus aureus in pus (42.9%), klebsiella in sputum (67.9%) and Streptococcus pyogens in throat swab 03 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 9, No 2 (December) 2013 (78.6%). In urine samples, microorganisms were found resistant to cephradine in 95% cases but sensitive to cefixime in 30.4% cases. Microorganisms in blood samples were sensitive to cefixime in 83.3% and Ciprofloxacin in 80.6% cases. Ciprofloxacin, cephradin and cefixime all three antibiotics encountered resistance in 63.5%, 82.5% and 75.8% samples of pus respectively. Among sputum samples organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin in 71.4% and cefixime in 64.3% cases whereas resistant to cephradin in 92.9% cases. In organisms of throat swab Cephradine Showed sensitivity in 71.4% cases but cefixime encountered resistance in 57.1% cases. Conclusion: The study reveals an alarming picture of antimicrobial resistance pattern in Bangladesh Armed Forces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21818 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(2) 2013

scholarly journals Microbiological Evaluation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Some Contaminated Edible Fruits and Vegetables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun Gundappa ◽  
C. Prabhurajeshwar ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmed ◽  
H.M. Navya ◽  
M. Vijayasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
E Coli

Background: The present study was undertaken to study the percentage of pathogenic bacteria present in different fruit and vegetable samples available in the market in and around Kalaburagi, Karnataka, South India. Methods: A total of 940 different samples were collected from Kalaburagi, out of which 390 (23.84%) were fruits and 550 (35.27%) were vegetables. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated, by enrichment culture method using peptone water. The bacterial isolates were identified by convention microbial identification procedures. Result: Antibiotic resistant testing by disc diffusion method performed for E.coli, Salmonella and Shigella. Among the pathogens, E. coli (86.50%) of the isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid while Imipenem and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole has the lowest resistance (19.84%), Salmonella (86.66%) isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin while Norfloxacin has the lowest resistance (4.76%) and Shigella (80.35%) isolates were resistant to Vancomycin while Amoxicillin has the lowest resistant (3.57%). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was seen in E. coli at (38.88%), Salmonella at (26.66%) and Shigella at (10.71%) accordingly. The study therefore shown that E.coli, Salmonella and Shigella occur in Fruits and vegetables which collected from market place in Kalaburagi, Karnataka India, As per the results, adequate precaution should be taken while handles these fruits and vegetables. The antimicrobial resistance pattern shown by the isolates is an indication that adequate measurement needs to be taken to regulate the drug use in both humans and animals in order to minimize the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Biofilm Forming Non Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates from Poultry and Its Associated Food Products from Pakistan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Abubakar Siddique ◽  
Sara Azim ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Saadia Andleeb ◽  
Aitezaz Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonellaenterica from poultry products is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed at estimating the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in S. enterica isolates obtained from poultry birds and their food products from different areas of Pakistan. In total, 95/370 (25.67%) samples from poultry droppings, organs, eggs, and meat were positive for Salmonella. The isolates were further identified through multiplex PCR (mPCR) as Salmonella Typhimurium 14 (14.7%), Salmonella Enteritidis 12 (12.6%), and other Salmonella spp. 69 (72.6%). The phenotypic virulence properties of 95 Salmonella isolates exhibited swimming and/or swarming motility 95 (100%), DNA degrading activity 93 (97.8%), hemolytic activity 92 (96.8%), lipase activity 87 (91.6%), and protease activity 86 (90.5%). The sopE virulence gene known for conferring zoonotic potential was detected in S. Typhimurium (92.8%), S. Enteritidis (100%), and other Salmonella spp. (69.5%). The isolates were further tested against 23 antibiotics (from 10 different antimicrobial groups) and were found resistant against fifteen to twenty-one antibiotics. All isolates showed multiple drug resistance and were found to exhibit a high multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) index of 0.62 to 0.91. The strong biofilm formation at 37 °C reflected their potential adherence to intestinal surfaces. There was a significant correlation between antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm formation potential of isolates. The resistance determinant genes found among the isolated strains were blaTEM-1 (59.3%), blaOxA-1 (18%), blaPSE-1 (9.5%), blaCMY-2 (43%), and ampC (8.3%). The detection of zoonotic potential MDR Salmonella in poultry and its associated food products carrying cephalosporin and quinolone resistance genes presents a major threat to the poultry industry and public health.

scholarly journals Is Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enteric Fever Changing in Kathmandu Valley?

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Subhana Karki ◽  
Bina Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Enteric fever is a public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella sp causing enteric fever is changing over time and also differs according to geographical location. Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp is mandatory for management of enteric fever rationally. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp to commonly used antimicrobials. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study undertaken reviewing the records of blood isolates of Salmonella sp over one year period at Kanti Children’s Hospital, Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done following Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion technique using Muller Hinton agar. Results: Salmonella typhi was found to be 100% resistance to ampicillin and resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was also high. The resistance to chloramphenicol and ofloxacin was low. No resistance was found to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and amikacin. However, among the sensitive isolates of Salmonella typhi intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime was reported to be high. Among the isolates of S paratyphi A, the resistance to nalidixic acid was 100% followed by 75% to ciprofloxacin. No resistance was found to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefixime, amikacin and low resistance to amoxicillin and ofloxacin. Among the sensitive isolates of S paratyphi A, majority of them were only moderately sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftazidime and about 1/3 of the organisms had only intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone. Conclusiion: Commonly used parenteral third generation cephalosporins, first line drugs like chloramphenicol and amoxicillin and ofloxacin among fluoroquinolones were found to be effective in vitro in treating enteric fever. However, Salmonella typhi was found to be highly resistant to the most frequently used drugs like ciprofloxacin and cefixime and Salmonella paratyphi A to ciprofloxacin. A comparative chart of antimicrobial sensitivity of enteric fever in children over 10 year period from different hospitals of Kathmandu valley is also presented in the study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6625 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 221-228

scholarly journals Prevalent Bacteria and Their Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern to Antibiotics: A Study in Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaid Hossain ◽  
Akhtarun Naher ◽  
Pratyay Hasan ◽  
Kazi Tuba E Mozazfia ◽  
Homyra Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Changes Over Time

Background and rationale: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. Many factors are complexly related to the issue in multiple dimensions. Bangladesh is right in the middle of this great calamity, and is seeing the rise in resistant strains of several bacteria. Very sadly, the prevalent malpractice of abusing antibiotics in Bangladesh contributes to add complexity to the danger which may prove to be possibly the greatest threat humans have ever faced. There is much scarcity of medical literature in Bangladesh, on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and prevalent microorganisms. Moreover, antibiotic sensitivity pattern changes over time and place. Again, most of the studies done in Bangladesh, concentrate on a single disease, pathogen, or specimen. This study attempts to see the prevalent microorganisms and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in multiple types of specimens collected from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This study also attempts to establish a way of presentation of the relevant findings which can be used in future to ensure easy comparability and contrasting of findings.Methods: The specimens were collected from the adult patients (age >12 years) admitted in the Internal Medicine ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 6 months. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling method. Specimens which were culture positive, were only included in the study for analysis. Multiple specimens were taken.Results: S. aureus was 100% sensitive to amikacin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, vancomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, azactum, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefixime. Enterobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, vancomycin. E. coli was 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, vancomycin, tigecycline and 100% resistant to mecillinam, aztreonam. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to flucloxacillin, colistin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid and 100% resistant to nalidixic acid. Proteus was 100% sensitive to cephradine, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tetracycline, tigecycline, azithromycin, azactum and 100% resistant to doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefuroxime. Pseudomonas was 100% sensitive only to amikacin, netilmicin, and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, doxycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Salmonella typhi was 100% sensitive to amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, netilmicin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, azactum and 100% resistant to cephradine, doxycycline, tetracycline, nalidixic acid. MRSA was 100% sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefpirome, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, tetracycline, clarithromycin. Acinetobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, cefuroxime, colistin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tigecycline, chloramphenicol and 100% resistant to cefixime, nalidixic acid. Citrobacter freundii was 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, nalidixic acid and 100% resistant to ampicillin, cefixime, nitrofurantoin.Conclusion: More and more antibiotics are becoming ineffective due to emergence of resistance. Serious actions should be taken. Awareness should be raised from the policy maker level to the physicians and patients.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 52-64

Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in burn infections from southwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashemzadeh ◽  
Reza Heydari ◽  
Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli ◽  
Morteza Saki ◽  
Hossein Meghdadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Maximum Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Burn infection continues to be a major issue of concern globally and causes more harm to developing countries. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn infections in three hospitals in Abadan, southwest Iran. Methods The cultures of various clinical samples obtained from 325 burn patients were investigated from January to December 2019. All bacterial isolates were identified based on the standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the CLSI. Results A total of 287 bacterial species were isolated burn patients.P. aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial isolate in Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated in Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum resistance was found to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, while in Gram-negative bacteria, the maximum resistance was found to imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and amikacin. The occurrence of multidrug resistance phenotype was as follows: P. aeruginosa (30.3 %), Enterobacter spp (11.1 %), Escherichia coli (10.5 %), Citrobacter spp (2.1 %), S. epidermidis (2.8 %), S. aureus, and S. saprophyticus (0.7 %). Conclusion Owing to the diverse range of bacteria that because burn wound infection, regular investigation, and diagnosis of common bacteria and their resistance patterns is recommended to determine the proper antibiotic regimen for appropriate therapy.

Antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Salmonella isolated from food products of animal origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Karabanov ◽  
◽  
D. A. Makarov ◽  
O. V. Karabanova ◽  
O. E. Badmaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Animal Food Products

Salmonella isolates (n=124) were taken from animal food products in different regions of the Russian Federation and investigated. Serogroup was determined, as well as sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. High levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones were revealed (70,97% of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin). Multiple drug resistance was determined (16,1% of multiresistant isolates). Data analysis was performed using the AMRcloud online platform.

scholarly journals Role of a large plasmid of Salmonella typhi encoding multiple drug resistance

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karmaker ◽  
D. Biswas ◽  
N. M. Shaikh ◽  
S. K. Chatterjee ◽  
V. K. Kataria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Large Plasmid

scholarly journals Prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from commercial chickens and human clinical isolates from South Africa and Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver T. Zishiri ◽  
Nelisiwe Mkhize ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South African ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Salmonellosis is a significant public health concern around the world. The injudicious use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production for treatment, growth promotion and prophylaxis has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant strains of Salmonella. The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes from Salmonella isolated from South African and Brazilian broiler chickens as well as human clinical isolates. Out of a total of 200 chicken samples that were collected from South Africa 102 (51%) tested positive for Salmonella using the InvA gene. Of the overall 146 Salmonella positive samples that were screened for the iroB gene most of them were confirmed to be Salmonella enterica with the following prevalence rates: 85% of human clinical samples, 68.6% of South African chicken isolates and 70.8% of Brazilian chicken samples. All Salmonella isolates obtained were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with 10 antibiotics. Salmonella isolates from South African chickens exhibited resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents used, such as tetracycline (93%), trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole (84%), trimethoprim (78.4%), kanamycin (74%), gentamicin (48%), ampicillin (47%), amoxicillin (31%), chloramphenicol (31%), erythromycin (18%) and streptomycin (12%). All samples were further subjected to PCR in order to screen some common antimicrobial and virulence genes of interest namely spiC, pipD, misL, orfL, pse-1, tet A, tet B, ant (3")-la, sul 1 and sul. All Salmonella positive isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent; however, antimicrobial resistance patterns demonstrated that multiple drug resistance was prevalent. The findings provide evidence that broiler chickens are colonised by pathogenic Salmonella harbouring antimicrobial resistance genes. Therefore, it is evident that there is a need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production systems in order to mitigate the proliferation of multiple drug resistance across species.Keywords: Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; chicken; human; susceptibility; virulence gene

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document