UPDATE ON CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLICATIONS OF COVID 19

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gayathri Ananyajyothi Ambat ◽  
Roshini Ambat ◽  
Syed Ilas Basha ◽  
Hema Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Acute Myocardial Injury ◽  
Exercise Induced

On March 11 2020 WHO declares corona viral disease as a global pandemic .COVID 19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and many countries like India is now experiencing a second surge due to mutant strains. Global health emergency has been precipitated by this corona virus disease caused by SARS CoV2.Acute and intermediate effects on cardiovascular system are becoming obvious with progression of time. SARS-CoV-2-related endothelial dysfunction results in an augmented risk for venous thromboembolism, systemic vasculitis, endothelial cell apoptosis, and inammation in various organs. Acute infections have troponin elevation more due to indirect cardiac damage though denite patterns of direct damage do exist. Intermediate evaluation in patients with resolved infections shows increased incidence of exercise induced arrhythmias and residual cardiovascular symptoms. The virus with its zoonotic origin based upon its genomic identity to bat derived SARS corona virus has a human to human transmission mode.ACE 2 receptors facilitate cellular entry and has been implicated in direct and indirect myocardial damage. Myocarditis, acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias and thromboembolism dominates the clinical picture. Role of imaging must be dened in relation to relevant clinical ndings. With arrival of vaccine and widespread vaccination global programs, we can look forward to understanding and managing long term complications of this disease. Prognostic implications of a resolved disease need to be evaluated by future studies.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its potential therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Alam Khan ◽  
Nazeem Ishrat Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

A series of acute and atypical serious respiratory illnesses were reported in December 2019 from Wuhan, a city of China. It spread to other places and became a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries of the world. Soon, it was discovered that this atypical respiratory illness was caused by a novel corona virus. It was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease caused by it as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Since COVID-19 is a new viral disease, world is still struggling to find out a permanent remedy to control this serious health problem. It seems prudent to study or have a look on the pathophysiology of SARS CoV-2 in the light of available research. Further, a review on pathophysiology may give an insight on the potential therapeutic options. Being a new virus and having potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in short span of time various approved drugs are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Vaccine Safety Surveillance on Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshat Seth ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Surabhi Dwivedi ◽  
Anil Kumar Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Safety Communication ◽  
Communication Plan ◽  
Safety Surveillance ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic

Vaccine among people globally preparations must be made within countries for covid-19 vaccine safety surveillance on an urgent basis. Safety surveillance must be capable of investigating adverse event of special interest (AESI) and adverse event following immunization to determine a change in the benefit-risk profile of the vaccine. COVID-19 vaccine is the most important tool to stem the pandemic. WHO emergency use listing, while using regulatory pathway through national regulatory authorities. Vaccine safety communication plan should be developed. Expending the global vaccine safety system to meet the needs of covid-19 and other emergency and routine use vaccine is a priority currently. The protective efficacy and the short term and long-term side effect of the vaccine are of major concern. Various strategies have been designed the covid-19 pandemic. The highly infectious corona virus disease 2019 associate with me pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to become a global pandemic. The development of covid-19 vaccine is crucial for the world to return to pre-pandemic normalcy and the collective global effort has been invested into protective against SARS-CoV2.

scholarly journals The Effect of COVID-19 on Hospitalized Cancer Patients and Their Healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 699-703
Author(s):  
Jahnvi Garg ◽  
Ranjit S. Ambad ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
Staying At Home

Introduction: This article includes the effect of Corona virus disease on cancer patients and their healthcare facilities. The global pandemic mentioned around the world has impacted the most vulnerable group of patients- cancer. With the assistance of RT PCR tests and HRCT, oncologists and doctors have tried to provide treatment to Covid-19 patients. Cancer patients are more susceptible to Covid-19 than non-cancer or non-survivor patients, according to reports. To avoid the prevalence and infection of cancer victims, WHO has suggested staying at home and continuing their treatment through telemedicine unless the situation is critical for which they might require therapy and/or surgery. Covid-19 is here to stay so we should practice with utmost care and precaution.

scholarly journals Genomic variation and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 importation and early circulation in Israel

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0243265
Author(s):  
Neta S. Zuckerman ◽  
Efrat Bucris ◽  
Yaron Drori ◽  
Oran Erster ◽  
Danit Sofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Whole Genomes

Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since led to a global pandemic. Importations of SARS-CoV-2 to Israel in late February from multiple countries initiated a rapid outbreak across the country. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes were sequenced from 59 imported samples with a recorded country of importation and 101 early circulating samples in February to mid-March 2020 and analyzed to infer clades and mutational patterns with additional sequences identified Israel available in public databases. Recorded importations in February to mid-March, mostly from Europe, led to multiple transmissions in all districts in Israel. Although all SARS-CoV-2 defined clades were imported, clade 20C became the dominating clade in the circulating samples. Identification of novel, frequently altered mutated positions correlating with clade-defining positions provide data for surveillance of this evolving pandemic and spread of specific clades of this virus. SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread and mutate in Israel and across the globe. With economy and travel resuming, surveillance of clades and accumulating mutations is crucial for understanding its evolution and spread patterns and may aid in decision making concerning public health issues.

scholarly journals The long-term consequences of Corona Virus Disease 2019 patients receiving Chinese herbal medicine treatments in acute phase

Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (29) ◽  
pp. e26677
Author(s):  
Yi-ming Sun ◽  
Jia-yan Liu ◽  
Ran Sun ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Meng-lu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals The Impact of Penalty and Subsidy Mechanisms On The Decisions of Governments, Businesses, and Consumers During COVID-19 ——Tripartite Evolutionary Game Theory Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxun Zhou ◽  
Rahman Mohammad Mafizur ◽  
Khanam Rasheda ◽  
Brad R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategies ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Stable Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose – Based on the fact that punishment and subsidy mechanisms affect the anti-epidemic incentives of major participants in a society, the issue of this paper is how the penalty and subsidy mechanisms affect the decisions of governments, businesses, and consumers during Corona Virus Disease 2019. The goal of this paper is to understand strategic selections from governments, enterprises, and consumers to maximize their respective utility during Corona Virus Disease 2019, and the impact of penalty and subsidy mechanism on the decisions of governments, businesses, and consumers.Design/Methodology/approach - This paper proposes a tripartite evolutionary game theory, involving governments, businesses, and consumers, to firstly analyze the evolutionary stable strategies and to secondly analyze the impact of penalty and subsidy mechanism on their strategy selection during Corona Virus Disease 2019. Thirdly, this paper uses numerical analysis to simulate the strategy formation process of governments, enterprises, and consumers in Japan and India based on their different penalty and subsidy mechanism.Findings – This paper suggests that there are four evolutionarily stable strategies corresponding to the actual anti-epidemic situations of different countries in reality. We find that different subsidy and penalty mechanisms lead to different evolutionary stable strategies. If governments, enterprises, and consumers fighting the pandemic together, the government need to set a low subsidy mechanism and a high penalty mechanism.Originality/value - There are some limitations in the literature, such as long term strategies, rational hypothesis, and convergence path analysis in higher dimensional evolutionary game theory. This paper fills the gap and extends the theory of COVID-19 management theory. Firstly, this paper has important practical significance. This paper finds out the long-term equilibrium strategies of governments, businesses, and consumers under Corona Virus Disease 2019, which can provide an important theoretical and decision-making basis for pandemic prevention and control. Secondly, our paper extends the analytical paradigm of the tripartite evolutionary game theory. We extend the analysis of the dynamic process from the initial point to the convergence point and make a theoretical contribution to the development of high-dimensional evolutionary game theory.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOME OF COVID POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN IN FIRST AND SECOND WAVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
V. Radha Lakshmi ◽  
K. Anusha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Postpartum Woman ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Second Wave

Introduction: Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2), has become a global pandemic, giving rise to a serious health threat globally. In India we have seen a two wave pattern of reported cases with peak of rst wave in September 2020 and peak of second wave in May 2021.Women undergoing pregnancy and those at the time of child birth and puerperium constitute potentially vulnerable populations for covid-19. Aims And Objectives: To evaluate differences in clinical presentation, co-morbidities, pregnancy complications and outcomes in women with covid-19 during rst wave and second wave of covid-19 pandemic. Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of all hospitalized pregnant and postpartum woman with SARS-CoV2 infection in Government General Hospital, Kurnool. All the patients admitted from 1st May to 31st October 2020 were considered to be in the rst wave and those admitted from 1st April to 31st June were considered to be in second wave. Results: Incidence of cases has increased from 14.18 to 16.8%.There was two fold increase in the symptomatic cases from 4.2 to 8%patients in the second wave were younger in the age group of 16-25yrs.The number of pregnant women delivered by Caesarean section have increased from 57.5 %to 61.1 %.ICU admissions have signicantly increased from 2.7% to 3.1% Case fatality rate has increased from 0.4%-1.1%. As observed from the above results there is higher frequency of severe Covid 19,increased ICU ad Conclusion: missions and maternal deaths in second wave of Covid 19 pandemic as compared to the rst wave .Although the exact causes of increase in severity and mortality are unknown ,but probably due to emergence of most pathological strains of SARS-Co2.

scholarly journals Myths versus Truths regarding the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Amgain ◽  
Sujana Neupane ◽  
Laxmi Panthi ◽  
Pooja Thapaliya
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the COVID-19 Virus. This virus belongs to the family of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and classified as SARS-CoV-2, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is causing an ongoing global pandemic. The outbreak of this novel Coronavirus (nCoV-19) is causing great fear in public due to its rapid spread over 200 countries worldwide and created a global Public Health Emergency. The virus is an intracellular obligatory parasite that can even infect bacteria called Bacteriophage. Unlike Bacteria, Virus is not a living microorganism and can’t multiply in the outer environment. If we draw a line in between the living and non-living, it lies in the border3. However, the peculiar characteristic of the virus is that it can be living after entering the body of the living organism, causing harmful effects. Since it behaves like dust or dirt outside of our body, it is better to wash them out and prevent it to enter our bodies. In this way, the best way of prevention of this novel COVID-19 viral disease is to wash it out from our hand, rather than killing it by using a disinfectant, hand sanitizer, alcohol-based rub, etc. Key Message: Don’t Get the Virus, Don’t Give the Virus. Since COVID-19 Virus can enter the body from the reservoir mainly through respiratory droplets during coughing, keeping social distance and proper hand-washing are the best way to preventive measure. To prevent the rapid spreading of COVID-19, please strictly follow the following five precautionary and preventive measures yourself and ask others too. HANDS – wash them often with soap and water ELBOW – cough into it FACE – don’t touch it SPACE – keep social distance (> 3feets) FEEL SICK? - Stay home (with proper nursing care)

scholarly journals Corticosteroids for COVID-19 Therapy: Potential Implications on Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3773
Author(s):  
Radha Gopalaswamy ◽  
Selvakumar Subbian
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, which originated in China. At the host level, COVID-19, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects the respiratory system, with the clinical symptoms ranging from mild to severe or critical illness that often requires hospitalization and oxygen support. There is no specific therapy for COVID-19, as is the case for any common viral disease except drugs to reduce the viral load and alleviate the inflammatory symptoms. Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), also primarily affects the lungs and has clinical signs similar to pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection. Active TB is a leading killer among infectious diseases and adds to the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. In immunocompetent individuals, primary Mtb infection can also lead to a non-progressive, asymptomatic latency. However, latent Mtb infection (LTBI) can reactivate symptomatic TB disease upon host immune-suppressing conditions. Importantly, the diagnosis and treatment of TB are hampered and admixed with COVID-19 control measures. The US-Center for Disease Control (US-CDC) recommends using antiviral drugs, Remdesivir or corticosteroid (CST), such as dexamethasone either alone or in-combination with specific recommendations for COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization or oxygen support. However, CSTs can cause immunosuppression, besides their anti-inflammatory properties. The altered host immunity during COVID-19, combined with CST therapy, poses a significant risk for new secondary infections and/or reactivation of existing quiescent infections, such as LTBI. This review highlights CST therapy recommendations for COVID-19, various types and mechanisms of action of CSTs, the deadly combination of two respiratory infectious diseases COVID-19 and TB. It also discusses the importance of screening for LTBI to prevent TB reactivation during corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Long Term Effect of COVID-19 on the Brain: Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shreerag Devkumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Corona viruses (CoVs) are well-covered RNA viruses that cause enteric and respiratory infections in humans and animals. Many human CoVs have recently gained global interest because of their lethal power and high contagious power. SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, is a pathogenic coV that first appeared in Wuhan, China. Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) created by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization since March 11, 2020. The epidemic started in Wuhan and spread rapidly around the world. Corona virus is facing a major epidemic: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). SARS-CoV-2 is a virus closely related to SARS. Corona virus (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS, a complex clinical disorder characterized by severe pneumonia and acute respiratory stress syndrome. Serious and neurological disorders, such as encephalitis, coma, fever, epilepsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, are more common in cases of COVID-19. In addition, chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases may occur in SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology and colonization of intestinal and central nervous system, as well as systemic inflammatory response during COVID-19. Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative condition that causes the development of motor and non-motor symptoms.

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