A Study on Dental Caries and Dental Plaques Caused by Streptococcus Mutans, of Patients at Border Guard Hospital Dhaka, Peelkhana

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Rezina Jasmine ◽  
Khairul Islam Mridha ◽  
Mohammad Kamal Akhter ◽  
Dilruba Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Streptococcus Viridans ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathology Department ◽  
Dental Plaques ◽  
Etiological Agents

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in the world. The acids generated through the fermentation of sugar by the microorganisms in dental plaque can decalcify the superficial layers of tooth enamel and can initiate dental caries. Streptococcus mutans have been proposed as the main etiological agents of dental caries .The aim of this study is to identify the main etiological agents of dental caries and plaque which are supposed to be Streptococcus mutans as correlating microorganism. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Pathology department of Border Guard Hospital, Peelkhana, Dhaka during the period of 1st October, 2018 to 3IST December,2018. Study population was newly enrolled soldiers and their families as male ,female and children in BGB. A total of 50 clinical samples were included in this study. The samples were collected from the Dental outdoor patient department and all laboratory tests were performed at Pathology department of aforementioned hospital. After performing all possible microbiological tests for bacterial isolation, results were recorded. Results: Among 50 samples, 46(92%) samples are considered to be positive for Streptococcus viridans and 27(54%) isolates are identified as Streptococci mutans according to ability of producing special kind of exopolysaccharide, lactic acid formation and high salt tolerance tests. Associated organisms (32%) like candida were present in 15(30%) samples and other bacterial colonies were present in 31(62%) samples, along with Streptococcus viridans. Conclusion: The finding of this study will help the dentists to treat the patients with chronic caries, dental plaques as they pose the gravest threat when they settle down on damaged heart valves, cause subacute bacterial endocarditis and other infections in various sites including mouth, joints, skin, muscle, and central nervous system after tooth extraction or any other invasive procedure J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 121-125

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sri Kunarti ◽  
Aulia Ramadhani ◽  
Laskmiari Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ASTHMAAND ITS MEDICATIONS ON DENTAL CARIES STATUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Sneha Upadhyay ◽  
Jyoti Bhavthankar ◽  
Mandakini Mandale ◽  
Nivedita Kaorey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Asthma and its medications have been linked to oral diseases in asthmatic children. Aim: Assessment of the dental caries status, salivary Streptococcus mutans count and S. mutans colony score in children receiving inhaled anti asthmatic medications and their comparison in healthy children Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 asthmatic children and 40 healthy children in the age group of 6-14 years. DMFT/deft indices were calculated and saliva samples were collected. Diluted saliva was inoculated on MSB agar plates. S. mutans count and colony score were analysed after 24-48 hours of inoculation. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean DMFT/deft index, salivary S. mutans load and S. mutans colony score in children of the asthmatic group and control group. Conclusion: Prevalence of dental caries and cariogenic bacteria is higher in asthmatic children.

scholarly journals Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Preliminary Characterization of Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction of Glucosyltransferase B of Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984933
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Mieher ◽  
Norbert Schormann ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Champion Deivanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Persistent Disease ◽  
X Ray

Dental caries characterized by acid damage of tooth enamel is a persistent disease that begins with the formation of biofilms on the tooth surface. The secreted glucosyltransferases enable Streptococcus mutans to synthesize extracellular glucan polymers using ingested starch within the oral cavity, which eventually results in the production of acid, a contributing factor to cariogenesis. In this paper, we report the cloning, expression, purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray diffraction characterization of glucosyltransferase B.

Lemon myrtle extract inhibits lactate production by Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 2185-2190
Author(s):  
Yukinori Yabuta ◽  
Yui Sato ◽  
Arisu Miki ◽  
Ryuta Nagata ◽  
Tomohiro Bito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

ABSTRACT Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle) extract has been found to inhibit glucansucrase activity, which plays an important role in biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. In addition to glucansucrase, various virulence factors in S. mutans are involved in the initiation of caries. Lactate produced by S. mutans demineralizes the tooth enamel. This study investigated whether lemon myrtle extract can inhibit S. mutans lactate production. Lemon myrtle extract reduced the glycolytic pH drop in S. mutans culture and inhibited lactate production by at least 46%. Ellagic acid, quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin, major polyphenols in lemon myrtle, reduced the glycolytic pH drop and lactate production, but not lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, these polyphenols reduced the viable S. mutans cell count. Thus, lemon myrtle extracts may inhibit S. mutans-mediated acidification of the oral cavity, thereby preventing dental caries and tooth decay.

Disruption of the adh (acetoin dehydrogenase) operon has wide-ranging effects on Streptococcus mutans growth and stress response

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zuber ◽  
Michiko M. Nakano ◽  
Jessica K. Kajfasz ◽  
José A. Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization

The agent largely responsible for initiating dental caries, Streptococcus mutans produces acetoin dehydrogenase that is encoded by the adh operon. The operon consists of the adhA and B genes (E1 dehydrogenase), adhC (E2 lipoylated transacetylase), adhD (E3 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase), and lplA (lipoyl ligase). Evidence is presented that AdhC interacts with SpxA2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor functioning in cell wall and oxidative stress responses. In-frame deletion mutations of adh genes conferred oxygen-dependent sensitivity to slightly alkaline pH (pH 7.2-7.6), within the range of values observed in human saliva. Growth defects were also observed when glucose or sucrose served as major carbon sources. A deletion of the adhC orthologous gene, acoC gene of Streptococcus gordonii , did not result in pH sensitivity or defective growth in glucose and sucrose. The defects observed in adh mutants were partially reversed by addition of pyruvate. Unlike most 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases, the E3 AdhD subunit bears an N-terminal lipoylation domain nearly identical to that of E2 AdhC. Changing the lipoyl domains of AdhC and AdhD by replacing the lipoate attachment residue, lysine to arginine, caused no significant reduction in pH sensitivity but the adhDK43R mutation eliminating the lipoylation site resulted in an observable growth defect in glucose medium. The adh mutations were partially suppressed by a deletion of rex , encoding an NAD + /NADH-sensing transcription factor that represses genes functioning in fermentation. spxA2 adh double mutants show synthetic growth restriction at elevated pH and upon ampicillin treatment. These results suggest a role for Adh in stress management in S. mutans . IMPORTANCE Dental caries is often initiated by Streptococcus mutans , which establishes a biofilm and a low pH environment on tooth enamel surfaces. The current study has uncovered vulnerabilities of S. mutans mutant strains that are unable to produce the enzyme complex, acetoin dehydrogenase (Adh). Such mutants are sensitive to modest increases in pH to 7.2-7.6, within the range of human saliva, while a mutant of a commensal Streptococcal species is resistant. The S. mutans adh strains are also defective in carbohydrate utilization and are hypersensitive to a cell wall-acting antibiotic. The studies suggest that Adh could be a potential target for interfering with S. mutans colonization of the oral environment.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans and its inhibition by green tea extracts

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Moataz Zayed ◽  
Mohammad Mabrouk Aboulwafa ◽  
Abdelgawad Mohamed Hashem ◽  
Sarra Ebrahim Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Caries Progression ◽  
Dental Plaques ◽  
Antibiofilm Agents

AbstractDental Caries is considered one of the most existing and worldwide common diseases related to the oral cavity affecting both children and adults. Streptococcus mutans is the main cariogenic microorganism involved in the dental caries progression. Natural products such as herbal plants were found to have less side effects and economic value than those of the chemically synthesized antibiofilm agents. This study aimed to isolate Streptococcus mutans from different oral samples taken from saliva and dental plaques specimens to determine their capability for biofilm formation and to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of aqueous and alcoholic green tea extracts. The results revealed that 35, 4 and 1% of recovered dental plaque isolates exhibited strong, moderate and weak biofilm formation capabilities versus 26, 12 and 2% for those recovered from saliva. Two green tea extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) were tested for their antibiofilm formation activity against some selected S. mutans isolates. The results showed that the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) of the alcoholic and aqueous green tea extracts were in the range of 3.1 to 12.5 mg/ml and 6.5 to 50 mg/ml, respectively. Accordingly, green tea extracts can be incorporated in various oral preparations for preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Streptococcus mutans Level Estimation in Saliva before and after Consumption of Chewable Probiotics among School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Shinjini Dey ◽  
Chanchal Singh ◽  
Ankit Natani ◽  
Hemeshwari Laishram ◽  
Aishwarya Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
World Health ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Before And After

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) deemed probiotics to be the next most important immune defence system. Also known as the “friendly bacteria”, these lactobacilli-derived food supplements are the current trending weapons to fight against Streptococcus mutans, the prime causative organism for dental caries. AIM: To compare the levels of salivary mutans streptococci in children before and after short-term consumption of dental probiotic chewable containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus salivarius M18. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 10 healthy subjects in the age group of 6-12 years who were followed for 7 days. The assessment of S. mutans in saliva was done at baseline, 1 hour after consumption of probiotic chewable and after 7-day of intervention period using mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. The colonies of S. mutans were identified and counted using a digital colony counter.RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction of salivary S. mutans was recorded after consumption of the probiotic chewable on the 7th day in the probiotic group. Results were found to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) when the differences in the reduction of mutans streptococci counts with probiotic chewable and plain chewable on the 7th day were compared. CONCLUSION: The following study, based on its observations, does conclude that short term consumption of probiotic chewable displays a significant reduction in the level of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children. Thus, keeping in mind the idea that prevention is always better than cure, the awareness regarding probiotics as a therapy to prevent dental caries should be made among both dental practitioners, especially paediatric dentists as well as parents.

scholarly journals Association between Streptococcus mutans levels and severity of caries in Ecuadorian schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Ivonne Ordóñez ◽  
Doris Calderón ◽  
José Aguilar ◽  
Mónica Tello ◽  
Deniss Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Very High

Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious and communicable disease, and Streptococcus mutans is the key microorganism related to this pathology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the levels of Streptococcus mutans and caries in schoolchildren. Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 100 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years from the Unidad Educativa Checa Cuenca, Ecuador. ICDAS index and odontogram were used to measure the prevalence and severity of caries. For the identification and quantification of Streptococcus mutans , dental plaque samples were used for cultivation and biochemical tests (MicroScan). The results were analyzed statistically using absolute and relative frequencies, for bivariate analysis Chi-squared test and Fisher’s Test ( p <0.05) were used. 96% of the schoolchildren presented dental caries, 69% of them were children aged 8 to 10 years, the prevalence of caries was higher in females reaching 57%. High (60,000UFC/ml) and very high (70,000UFC/ml) levels of Streptococcus mutans were found on schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years reaching 22% and 8%, respectively ( p =0.005). Regarding sex, high (60,000UFC/ml) as well as very low (0- 20,000UFC/ml) levels of Streptococcus mutans appeared without difference by sex ( p = 0.355). Schoolchildren without caries presented a low count of Streptococcus mutans (0 -20,000 UFC/ml), children with caries presented variable levels of Streptococcus mutans , although higher than 20,000UFC/ml ( p <0.001). Conclusion: there is a high prevalence of caries in the school population with high levels of Streptococcus mutans. 

scholarly journals Caries Experience among Tribal Gypsies in Thoothukudi District - A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1372-1376
Author(s):  
Lalitha Rani Chellappa ◽  
Leelavathi L ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ◽  
Meignana Arumugham Indiran
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Study Population

Dental caries, or tooth decay, is an infectious process involving breakdown of the tooth enamel. Caries form through a complex interaction between cariogenic acid-producing bacteria in combination with fermentable carbohydrates and other dietary, genetic, behavioural, social, and cultural factors. Poor oral hygiene and low dental service levels were found in marginalised areas.  The study aimed to assess the caries experience of Narikuravars in Thoothukudi district. A cross-sectional study was done among gipsies in Thoothukudi district. Oral health examination was done the gipsies in the above three taluks in which they were present. All the study participants were examined under adequate illumination, and clinical data were collected on dental caries as described by the World Health Organization (WHO). DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth) was used to assess the caries experience. For statistical analysis, t-test and ANOVA was used. The total size of the screened population was 164. There were 128 adults and 36 children who are below 18 years of age. Mean Decayed teeth, mean Missed teeth and mean Filled teeth was found to be 3.38±1.730, 1.01± 2.109, 0.01± 0.088 respectively. Decayed teeth were most common in the study population. Mean DMFT score among the adult study population was found to be 4.40 ± 2.603. The difference between the different age groups to Mean DMFT and was found to be statistically significant (F value- 22.679; p < 0.05). The present study concluded that the experience of dental caries was low in the study population. It was more prevalent in males as compared to the female population. 

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