scholarly journals Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Levels in Different Grades of Protein Energy Malnutrition

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Serajul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
ABM Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Mahmudul Haque ◽  
Nazibun Nahar ◽  
Abu Taher

The present study was designed to analyze serum AST, ALT levels in different grades of protein energy malnutrition to facilitate early diagnosis, management and rehabilitation of PEM. The serum AST and ALT levels of 50 children of aged 5months to 5 years of both sexes were studied. Among them, 30 children suffering from protein energy malnutrition of 3 different grades were selected for experimental group. Age and sex matched 20 apparently healthy children with no systemic disorder and with weight/height ratio greater than 80% were included in control group. Serum AST and ALT levels were measured by kinetic ultraviolet method according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Data were analyzed statistically by un-paired student 't' test. Mean Serum AST and ALT levels of different grades of protein energy malnutrition were significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of control. Values of mean serum AST and ALT levels were highest in grade-I PEM and it were significantly higher (p<0.001) than both grade-II and grade-III. Again mean serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in grade-II PEM than that of grade-III PEM. The elevated levels of serum AST and ALT is due to tissue break down and hepatobiliary disorder. The results of this study indicate that serum ALT and AST levels are increased in PEM which varies according to its severity. Key Words: Aminotranserase; Malnutrition; Protein  DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.978 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 17-19.

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Serajul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Nayeema Akhter ◽  
Mahmudul Haque ◽  
Rehana Aziz ◽  
Nazibun Nahar

The present study has been designed to estimate serum total protein and albumin levels in different grades of protein energy malnutrition and this will be helpful in early diagnosis, management and rehabilitation of PEM. The serum total protein and albumin levels were studied on 20 healthy children and 30 children suffering from protein energy malnutrition of different grades. Serum total protein and albumin levels of different grades of protein energy malnutrition were significantly lowered than that of control. Lowering being maximum in grade III PEM. This lowering of total protein and albumin occur in any form of PEM and related to severity of the disease. doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1799 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):58-60.


Author(s):  
А.В. Бойко ◽  
Н.Д. Олтаржевская ◽  
В.И. Швец ◽  
Л.В. Демидова ◽  
Е.А. Дунаева ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Разработка методов сопроводительной терапии для защиты нормальных органов и тканей, входящих в зону облучения. Методы. В исследование включено 112 больных раком шейки и тела матки после комбинированного или самостоятельного лучевого лечения с 2012 по 2016 гг. У 71 пациентки основной группы в качестве терапии сопровождения применяли гидрогель с деринатом и у 41 больной группы контроля - традиционные методы профилактики (масло оливковое, подсолнечное, метилурациловая мазь). Для профилактики эпителиита слизистой влагалища и шейки матки в основной группе использовали гидрогель в виде аппликаций с первого дня облучения. Для профилактики лучевого ректита гидрогель вводили в прямую кишку 1 раз в день с первого дня облучения. Инстилляции гидрогеля в мочевой пузырь начинали только при развитии первых признаков клинической картины цистита. Пациенткам контрольной группы для профилактики лучевых реакций проводились масляные, мазевые аппликации во влагалище, масляные микроклизмы в прямую кишку с первого дня облучения. Лечение лучевого цистита проводили с помощью растительных диуретиков, уросептиков. Результаты. Применение гидрогеля с деринатом позволило провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва у 84,5% (60/71) больных, в контрольной группе - лишь у 48,8% (20/41). Лучевые циститы возникали в 2,5 раза реже (25,3% ± 3,3 против 63,4% ± 2,7, р<0,01). Анализ степени выраженности лучевого цистита по RTOG в двух группах показал, что у 75% больных основной группы наблюдалась I степень, у 25% - II степень, III и IV степени не отмечено, тогда как в контрольной группе лучевой цистит I степени развился у 44% пациенток, II - 40% и III - 16% больных. Применение гидрогеля снизило частоту лучевых ректитов в 2 раза (26,7% ± 3,3 против 53,7% ± 3,2 р<0,1).При использовании ежедневных аппликаций гидрогеля с деринатом со стороны слизистой оболочки влагалища и шейки матки преобладали эпителииты I степени (53,5%), II степень наблюдалась у 29,5% и III степень лучевой реакции - лишь в 16,9% случаев, IV степень реакции не отмечена. В контрольной группе эти показатели составили 26,8%, 24,3%, 31,7% и 17,2% соответственно. Разработаны цитологические критерии оценки течения лучевых реакций слизистой влагалища. Выделены три степени изменения цитограммы, которые коррелировали с клинической картиной. В основной группе лучевые изменения I степени зафиксированы в 4,5 раза чаще (52 ± 9,9% против 11,5 ± 6,3%, р<0,002), а III степень представлена в 3,8 раза реже, чем в контрольной группе (12 ± 6,5% против 46,1 ± 9,8%, р<0,003). Заключение. Применение гидрогелевого материала с деринатом в качестве препарата сопроводительной терапии во время курса облучения позволяет уменьшить частоту и степень выраженности лучевых повреждений со стороны слизистой влагалища, мочевого пузыря и прямой кишки, провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва и улучшить качество жизни пациенток. Objective. Development of methods for accompanying therapy to protect normal organs and tissues in the irradiation zone. Method. The study included 112 patients with cervical and endometrial cancer after combined or independent radiotherapy from 2012 to 2016. In 71 female patients of the main group, Derinat with hydrogel was applied as a supportive therapy and in 41 patients of the control group, conventional prevention methods (olive oil, sunflower oil, methyluracyl ointment) were applied. For prevention of vaginal mucosal and cervical epitheliitis in the main group, hydrogel was used as applications from the first radiation day. For prevention of radiation proctitis, hydrogel was injected into the rectum once daily from the first radiation day. Hydrogel instillations into the bladder were started only with the first clinical signs of cystitis. For prevention of radiation reactions, vaginal oil and ointment and rectal oil micro-enema were administered to patients of the control group from the first day of irradiation. Radiation cystitis was treated with vegetable diuretics and uroseptic drugs. Results. Using the hydrogel with Derinat allowed to administer a course of radiotherapy without interruption in 84.5% (60/71) of patients and only in 48.8% (20/41) in the control group. Radiation cystitis occurred 60% less frequently (25.3% ± 3.3 versus 63.4% ± 2.7, p <0.01). Analysis of radiation cystitis severity in two groups (according to RTOG) showed that 75% of patients in the main group had grade I and 25% had grade II. Grade III and grade IV did not occur. At the same time, in the control group, grade I radiation cystitis developed in 44% of patients, grade II - in 40%, and grade III - in 16% of patients. The hydrogel treatment halved the frequency of radiation proctitis (26.7% ± 3.3 vs. 53.7% ± 3.2 p <0.1). With daily application of the hydrogel with Derinat, grade I epitheliitis (53.5%) predominated in vaginal and cervical mucosa, grade II was observed in 29.5%, and grade III radiation reaction - only in 16.9% of cases; grade IV reaction was not observed. In the control group, these proportions were 26.8%, 24.3%, 31.7%, and 17.2%, respectively. Cytological criteria were developed to evaluate the course of radiation reactions in the vaginal mucosa. Three degrees of change in the cytogram were identified, which correlated with clinical picture. In the main group, incidence of grade I radiation-induced changes was increased by more than 350% (52 ± 9.9% vs. 11.5 ± 6.3%, p <0.002), and incidence of grade III was decreased by more than 70% compared to the control group (12 ± 6.5% vs. 46.1 ± 9.8%, p <0.003). Conclusion. Using the hydrogel material with Derinat as an accompanying therapy during the course of irradiation allows to reduce frequency and severity of radiation injuries of the vaginal mucosa, bladder, and rectum, administer an uninterrupted course of radiotherapy, and improve the quality of life of patients.


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Sukhendu Shekhar Sen ◽  
Jhulan Das Sharma ◽  
Dhananjoy Das ◽  
Shahed Iqbal ◽  
Md Badruddoza

Background: The predominant form of malnutrition is commonly called proteincalorie malnutrition. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is still a major health problem in children of developing countries including Bangladesh. The causes of malnutrition are multifactorial including nutritional factors, socioeconomic factors, health status of the mothers and repeated infections in children.Objective: To explore the information regarding the breast feeding practices of children suffering from Protein-Energy Malnutrition.Methods: This case control study was conducted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital from November 2006 to April 2007. A total of 65 controls and 65 cases were selected consecutively for the purpose of the study. Their mothers were interviewed with help of structured questionnaire containing all the variables of interest to attain the study objectives. The test statistics used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics and Chi-square (c2) or Fisher’s Exact Probability Test.Results: A significantly higher frequency of cases (67.7%) were given pre-lacteal feed, predominantly honey and sugar-water compared to control group (41.5%) (p = 0.008). Nearly 100% of controls were given colostrums compared to 75% of the cases. About one-third (31.3%) of the cases was exclusively breast-fed in comparison to 58.5% of the control group (p = 0.003). Over onequarter (27.7%) of the control were breast-fed upto 6 months of age, as opposed to only 1.5% cases (p < 0.001). Duration of predominant breast feeding for more than 6 months of age was also significantly higher in control group than that in case group (p = 0.001). Breast milk substitutes demonstrate their significant presence in cases (38.5%) than that in controls (9%) (p = 0.003).Conclusion: The study showed that rejection of colostrums, practice of prelacteal feeding, delayed initiation of breast feeding, early cessation of exclusive breast feeding and use of formula milk all were significantly higher in the malnourished group of children than those in their normal counterpart.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (2); Jul 2015; Page 43-47


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Margherita Suppini Sumardi ◽  
Nurpudji A. Taslim ◽  
A. Yasmin Syauki

Luka bakar merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang paling sering ditemukan pada usia produktif. Data unit luka bakar rumah sakit di Indonesia menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan mortalitas. Pada luka bakar berat terjadi hipermetabolisme dan proteolisis yang tinggi sehingga diperlukan terapi nutrisi yang tepat dan dini. Dilaporkan kasus seorang laki-laki, 18 tahun dengan keluhan nafsu makan melalui oral menurun dengan diagnosis severe protein energy malnutrition, luka bakar listrik 48% grade II-III. Terapi nutrisi yang diberikan adalah diet energi 3350 kkal melalui oral dan parenteral dengan komposisi protein: karbohidrat: lemak = 14,3%: 50%: 35,7%. Diet dimulai dengan 40% lalu 80% dan 100% dari total energi (hari ke-III). Kebutuhan protein 2,0 g/kg/hari dengan suplementasi parenteral glutamin (13,46 g/hari). Suplementasi mikronutrien berupa zink 40 mg/24 jam, ekstrak ikan gabus 480 g/hari, vitamin B1 4 mg/8 jam, vitamin C 500 mg/12 jam, vitamin A 10.000 IU/24 jam. Perbaikan balans nitrogen dari -7,7 menjadi +5,36. Albumin dan protein total mengalami perbaikan dari 2, 4 g/dl menjadi 3,5 g/dl dan 6,8 g/dl menjadi 6,8 g/dl. Penyembuhan luka terjadi dengan baik (inflamasi-repair dan remodeling) selama tiga puluh tiga hari masa perawatan. Kesimpulan: suplementasi glutamin dengan asupan tinggi protein dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka, dan mencegah mortalitas pada pasien luka bakar berat.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
H Ozkan ◽  
N Olgun ◽  
E Sasmaz

This study was a case-control study of 44 children ages 3 to 24 months. The purpose of the study was to compare the humoral and cellular immunity of 29 patients (Group I) who were less than the 3rd percentile for weight by Turkish standards versus a control group of 15 patients (Group II) with weights between the 25th and 90th percentiles. The Group I patients were considered to have protein energy malnutrition (PEM) with various degrees of severity based on a Turkish classification method established by Dogramaci and Wray in 1958. None of the Group I patients had frank kwashiorkor, but 19 had bronchopneumonia, six had gastroenteritis, and four had both forms of infection at the time studies were done. Detailed immunologic evaluation was carried out on all the subjects including IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, mature T lymphocytes (CD3+), helper/inducer T Lymphocytes (CD4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+). The authors chose to study patients with PEM and infections because the immune response is more likely to be suppressed at this time. In the PEM group all of the immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) were significantly elevated over the controls level (P &lt; .01). This hyperimmunoglobulinemia state has been previously reported and could be secondary to reduced suppressor T lymphocytes (C8+). C3 complement levels were also significantly lower (P &lt; .01) than controls, which have been previously noted. These low C3 levels could be secondary to decreased production from the liver or increased utilization with an intercurrent infection. In evaluating the lymphocyte series CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ were all significantly reduced while CD4/CD8 levels were normal.


1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-L. Ha ◽  
L.E. Paulino ◽  
B.D. Woodward

AbstractA direct comparison of systemic (spleen) and mucosal (intestine) antibody-producing systems was made in weanling male C57BL/6J mice subjected to wasting protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) by means of a low-protein protocol known to duplicate immunological and physiological features of human malnutrition. ELISA revealed low concentrations of biliary and gut lumen immunoglobulin (Ig) A in malnourished mice concomitantly with a high concentration of blood IgA. The low-protein model, therefore, exhibited fidelity to human protein-energy malnutrition in its influence on the concentrations of the mucosal Ig, IgA, in critical biological fluids. The number of IgA-, IgM- and IgG-containing cells was estimated morphometrically on a per organ basis. The low-protein protocol supported expansion in numbers of mucosal IgA-containing cells (18 x relative to a zero-time control group) and of splenic IgG- containing cells (135 x ), albeit an attenuated expansion in comparison with that of well-nourished control animals (132x and 571x respectively relative to zero-time controls). Up to terminal differentiation of Ig-containing cells, systemic and mucosal antibody-producing systems exhibited similarly remarkable resistance to wasting malnutrition. Epithelial transport of IgA may be an aspect of the mucosal antibody response which is particularly sensitive to PEM.


1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Schmutzhard ◽  
W Poewe ◽  
F Gerstenbrand

Weaning is an important factor in the aetiology of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). In the present study it was shown that the psychological aspects of weaning — i.e. separation from the mother — play a more important role in the development of PEM than do physical factors. Of children suffering from PEM, 80.4% were physically separated from the mother at time of weaning, whereas only 32% of a comparable healthy control group had undergone the trauma of separation.


Author(s):  
Sumesh Prasad Sah ◽  
Manisha Aroral ◽  
Sudeep Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Batra ◽  
Imran Mustafa ◽  
...  

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare serum total protein, serum albumin and thyroid hormones in children with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and in healthy controls.Methods: Present study was a cross sectional hospital based case control study, total 75 children of age group 1-5 years were included in this study. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay method, serum total protein by biuret method, albumin by BCG method and plasma hemoglobin by CMG method. Result: In malnourished children, there is significant decrease in serum total protein (4.76 gm %), albumin (2.24 gm %) and Hb (10.57 gm %) as compared to normal healthy children. Serum T3 (0.51 ng/ml), and T4 (3.93 µg/ml) levels were significantly decreased and non-significant changes in TSH (4.26 µUI/ml) levels in children with PEM was observed as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The reduction in protein is due to decreased intake of proteins and reduced biosynthesis. The decreased in T3 and T4 levels in malnourished children is probably due to a decrease in circulating plasma proteins.


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