scholarly journals In Vivo Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L (Euphorbiaceae) Leaves Acute and Subacute Toxicity in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sawadogo ◽  
S. D. Sanou ◽  
A. P. Dabiré ◽  
G. R. Belemtougri ◽  
L. Sawadogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Jatropha curcas is a medicinal plant whose dead leaves are particularly used in arterial hypertension and diabetes treatment. The purpose of this study is to conduct an acute and subacute toxicity study of Jatropha curcas leaves aqueous extract (JCLAE) using OECD method. For acute toxicity, dose limits of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg were used. In subacute toxicity study 4 batches were constituted including a control batch that received distilled water for 28 days and the other 3 batches, JCLAE doses of respectively 200, 400, 800 mg/kg for the same duration. The LD50 was determined and the hematological, biochemical and histological parameters were analyzed in mice. The LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg. HDL-C is the only biochemical parameter that has experienced significant rise variation. Hematological analysis showed a decrease in mean platelet volume and Platelets number. The histological study revealed cases of hepatic cellular apoptosis and kidneys tubular necrosis among animals treated with highest dose. JCLAE is less toxic than Jatropha curcas leaves aqueous extract and high-dose JCLAE also has a moderate toxic effect on thrombocyte line and a protective effect on cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals In Vivo Subacute Toxicity and Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Nigella sativa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Bensiameur-Touati ◽  
Ghouti Kacimi ◽  
El-Mehdi Haffaf ◽  
Sihem Berdja ◽  
Souhila Aouichat-Bouguerra
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Liver Tbars

Context. Nigella sativa seeds are usually used as traditional medicine for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. Objective. To investigate the subacute toxicity of NS aqueous extract and select its lowest dose to study its antidiabetic effect. Methods. 5 AqE.NS doses (2, 6.4, 21, 33, and 60 g/Kg) were daily administered to mice by gavage. Biochemical parameters measurements and histological study of the liver and the kidney were performed after 6 weeks of supplementation. Thereafter, and after inducing diabetes by alloxan, rats were treated by 2 g/Kg of AqE.NS during 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters were measured on sera. A horizontal electrophoresis of plasmatic lipoprotein was conducted. Glycogen, total lipids, and triglycerides were measured in the liver. TBARS were evaluated on adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. Results. AqE.NS showed no variation in urea and albumin at the 5 doses, but hepatotoxicity from 21 g/Kg was confirmed by histopathological observations of the liver. In diabetic rats, AqE.NS significantly decreased glycemia, TG, T-cholesterol, LDL-c, and TBARS and showed a restored insulinemia and a significant increase in HDL-c. Results on the liver indicated a decrease in lipids and a possible glycogenogenesis. Conclusion. AqE.NS showed its safety at low doses and its evident antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective Effects of Lion’s Mane MushroomHericium erinaceus(Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract against Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yang Wong ◽  
Mahmood Ameen Abdulla ◽  
Jegadeesh Raman ◽  
Chia-Wei Phan ◽  
Umah Rani Kuppusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Hericium erinaceusis a famous tonic in oriental medicine. The gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusagainst ethanol-induced ulcers inSprague Dawleyrats were investigated. The possible involvements of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also investigated. Acute toxicity study was performed. The effects of aqueous extract ofH. erinaceuson the ulcer areas, ulcer inhibition, gastric wall mucus, gross and histological gastric lesions, antioxidant levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcerin vivo. In acute toxicity study, a high dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The extract promoted ulcer protection as ascertained by a significant reduction of the ulcer area. Furthermore, it exhibited a significant protection activity against gastric mucosal injury by preventing the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. The level of MDA was also limited in rat stomach tissues when compared with the ulcer control group. Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of HSP70 protein and downregulation of BAX protein in rats pretreated with the extract. The aqueous extract ofH. erinaceusprotected gastric mucosa in ourin vivomodel. It is speculated that the bioactive compounds present in the extract may play a major role in gastroprotective activity.

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas Patel ◽  
B.N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

scholarly journals Improved in vivo PET imaging of the adenosine A2A receptor in the brain using [18F]FLUDA, a deuterated radiotracer with high metabolic stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Hang Lai ◽  
Magali Toussaint ◽  
Rodrigo Teodoro ◽  
Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović ◽  
Daniel Gündel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Specific Binding Ratio ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Purpose The adenosine A2A receptor has emerged as a therapeutic target for multiple diseases, and thus the non-invasive imaging of the expression or occupancy of the A2A receptor has potential to contribute to diagnosis and drug development. We aimed at the development of a metabolically stable A2A receptor radiotracer and report herein the preclinical evaluation of [18F]FLUDA, a deuterated isotopologue of [18F]FESCH. Methods [18F]FLUDA was synthesized by a two-step one-pot approach and evaluated in vitro by autoradiographic studies as well as in vivo by metabolism and dynamic PET/MRI studies in mice and piglets under baseline and blocking conditions. A single-dose toxicity study was performed in rats. Results [18F]FLUDA was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 19% and molar activities of 72–180 GBq/μmol. Autoradiography proved A2A receptor–specific accumulation of [18F]FLUDA in the striatum of a mouse and pig brain. In vivo evaluation in mice revealed improved stability of [18F]FLUDA compared to that of [18F]FESCH, resulting in the absence of brain-penetrant radiometabolites. Furthermore, the radiometabolites detected in piglets are expected to have a low tendency for brain penetration. PET/MRI studies confirmed high specific binding of [18F]FLUDA towards striatal A2A receptor with a maximum specific-to-non-specific binding ratio in mice of 8.3. The toxicity study revealed no adverse effects of FLUDA up to 30 μg/kg, ~ 4000-fold the dose applied in human PET studies using [18F]FLUDA. Conclusions The new radiotracer [18F]FLUDA is suitable to detect the availability of the A2A receptor in the brain with high target specificity. It is regarded ready for human application.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of the traditional Chinese formula Qing Hao Gan Cao

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchun Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Liutao Zhao ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Qing Hao

Abstract Qing Hao Gan Cao (QHGC), a Chinese medicinal formula containing Artemisia annua and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has been used to treat sunstroke and as an antiviral agent for more than 800 years. It has not previously been subject to a toxicological safety evaluation in acute and subacute (28 days) studies. Therefore, the acute and subacute toxicity of an aqueous extract of QHGC were evaluated in vivo. For the QHGC preparation, the botanical raw materials were crushed into pieces and mixed in the ratio of 10:1 in distilled water for 12 h, then boiling three times for 2 h each time. The three decoctions were mixed and filtered, then spray-dried with hot air at 160°C for 30 min, and stored at room temperature. For the acute toxicity test, 72.0 g/kg of QHGC extract was administered by gavage to male and female mice. Body weight, general observations, and autopsy results were recorded. No mortality or toxicity signs were observed during the studies. For the subacute toxicity test, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 g/kg/day of QHGC extract was administered to rats for 28 days. General observations and mortality, body weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, organ weight, and pathological morphology were analyzed. The acute and subacute toxicity studies did not show significant changes in body weight, general observations, hematology and biochemical parameters, organ weight, and liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, testis, ovary, lung, heart, and kidney histopathological analyses. The consumption of QHGC aqueous extract can be considered safe within the conditions of this study.

An In-Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Fennel Seeds Chewing on Salivary pH

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Singh ◽  
K Thanveer ◽  
CG Ajithkrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Salivary Ph

ABSTRACT Background Saliva is one of the most important factors in regulating oral health, with flow rate and composition changing throughout development and during disease. Numerous chewing habits have been traditionally followed by various cultures and this effects salivary composition. Chewing of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) is one such practice. This study was done with the objective to record and compare the salivary pH at base line, immediately and five minutes after chewing the seeds. Materials and methods Total 22 subjects, aged >18years were requested to chew a known quantity of fennel seeds (1.3grams) for five minutes and salivary pH was recorded using Qualigens Indikrom paper strips. Results Highly statistically significant rise in salivary pH was seen immediately after chewing seeds (p=0.003) Conclusion Chewing of seeds showed a rise in salivary pH, which can prevent demineralization and have an anti-cariogenic effect.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity profiles on siddha drug Thulasi Ennai in wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-409
Author(s):  
S Sonitha ◽  
◽  
D Sivaraman ◽  
V Rani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicines for their unmatched availability of bioactive compounds. Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children worldwide. It is ranked 16th among the leading causes of years lived with disability. Medicinal plants have placed a vital role in the siddha system of medicine over centuries to cure acute and chronic illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate toxicity analysis to evaluate safety of the siddha drug Thulasi Ennai in vivo in wistar albino rats. Thulasi Ennai is a polyherbal siddha formulation mentioned in the ancient siddha books and literature, indicated to cure childhood bronchial asthma. In this study, Thulasi Ennai administered orally at a single dose of 2000mg/kg body weight and monitored for 14 days. For subacute toxicity study, Thulasi Ennai was orally administered in different doses of 200,400mg/kg body weight, daily for 28 days. At the end of each study physical parameters, hematological, biochemical and histopathological analysis were evaluated. No animals in each group of acute or subacute toxicity study showed mortality or clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Hence, the results of the study indicate a safe toxicological profile of Thulasi Ennai.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of the Aqueous Extract from Haloxylon scoparium Pomel (Hammada scoparia (Pomel)) by Oral Administration in Rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loubna Kharchoufa ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrim ◽  
Noureddine Bencheikh ◽  
Soufiane El Assri ◽  
Asmae Amirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Haloxylon scoparium Pomel is a herbal medicine traditionally used for treating scorpions and snakebite, diabetes, and stomachache as well as several other diseases. No systematic study of the potential toxicity of the plant has been described. Aim of the Study. The current study is aimed at assessing the potential toxicity of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel through the acute and subacute toxicity tests. Materials and Methods. Acute toxicity test was performed on Swiss albino mice at a single oral dose of 1-10 g/kg for 14 consecutive days. General behavioral adverse effects, mortality, and latency of mortality were determined. In the subacute study, the Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract was administered orally at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg daily for 30 days to Wistar rats. Body weight and selected biochemical and hematological parameters were determined at the end of the experiment. Sections of livers and kidneys were removed for histological studies. Results. Acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD50 value of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract was 5000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract at doses 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg did not produce any observable symptoms of toxicity and no significant variation in body weight, organ weights, food, and water consumption or mortality in all treated rats. However, the administration of the Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract to rats at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in platelets. Moreover, only at the highest dose (2000 mg/kg), the extract caused a significant increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin. Our results showed that subacute treatments with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract at doses of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase and triglycerides. Histological studies showed that the subacute treatments of rats with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extracts, at the doses 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, induced some histopathological changes in the livers but a slight changing in kidneys. Conclusion. Our results indicated low acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel. Furthermore, daily oral administration of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract caused some damages to the livers of rats treated with high doses, expressed by an increase in some enzyme activities such as ALP. Regarding the renal function, we did not find remarkable toxicity in the subacute treatment with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extracts at doses 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. However, further toxicity assessments should be done to ascertain the safety or the toxicity of this valuable plant species “Haloxylon scoparium pomel” in subchronic treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicities of Psidium guajava Methanolic Bark Extract: A Botanical with In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermione T. Manekeng ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Samuel A. Ntyam Mendo ◽  
Armel-Joseph D. Agokeng ◽  
Victor Kuete
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

The methanol crude extract of the bark of Psidium guajava (guava) previously displayed interesting cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cell lines. In the present work, we plan to determine the toxicological effects of this guava botanical in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out by administration of a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight to female rats in 14 days. Subacute toxicity was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while rats in the control group received no extract. After 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed for hematological and biochemical studies. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were recorded; hence, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the Psidium guajava bark extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. For the subacute toxicity study, significant variations in body weight, relative weight of organs, and biochemical parameters were observed in the animals treated at different doses of the plant extract compared to control animals. Histopathological analyses showed minor liver inflammation in females treated at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). These results suggest that intake of a single high dose of the Psidium guajava bark extract is nontoxic, but repeat administration could exhibit mild organ toxicity.

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