scholarly journals Rapid Method for Species-Specific Identification and Determination of Toxigenicity of Vibrio Cholerae from Natural Aquatic Environment

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Bidhan Chakraborty ◽  
Khadiza Zaman ◽  
Md Majibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Species Specific

Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. It is generally accepted that seven distinct pandemics of cholera have occurred since the onset of the first pandemic in 1817. Again Vibrio cholerae is capable of surviving in aquatic environments for extended periods and is considered as autochthonous species in estuarine and brackish waters. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate V. cholerae from natural environmental samples subsequently identified by conventional and molecular biological techniques. A total number of 10 isolates were included randomly in this study based on their initial identification. The serotypes of the isolates were determined by serological test (slide agglutination) and the number of serotypes O1, O139 and non-O1/O139 were 3, 2 and 5 respectively which were reconfirmed by PCR method. Finally, the toxigenicity of the isolates was analyzed by multiplex PCR method and five (5) isolates were found to contain the ctx gene, the major virulence factor of V. cholerae. Key Words: Vibrio cholerae, Simplex PCR, Multiplex PCR, Serotypes, Toxigenicity.   doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1811 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 69-75

Relationship between levels of salivary cortisol with depression and suicidal ideation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1631-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Usabel Guzmán ◽  
M.J. Mota Rodríguez ◽  
A. Pampin Alfonso ◽  
J.B. Brenlla Gonzalez ◽  
M.J. Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health problem in most of the countries because it has a high prevalence in young people. It has been studied that high levels of cortisol are associated with depression and increase of the suicidal risk.ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between cortisol levels in a population of university students and the questionnaire results for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).MethodThe sample was composed by 106 students of the Nursing School of Santiago de Compostela University. The 88.7% of the sample are women with a mean age of 21.50 + /−2.52, the 99% are unmarried. The protocol consisted in 3 sections: demographic variables, BDI questionnaire with spanish scale and determination of salivary cortisol levels. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 15.ResultsThe are higher levels of salivary cortisol in students with a greater or equal score to 13 on the BDI with statistically significances differences (p = .000). Students with suicidal ideation (item 9 of the BDI) have highest rates of cortisol, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports other researchs about the association between biological neuroendocrine markers and affective disorders. Explaining suicidal behavior could help us to prevent it by using early intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. They could also identify markers to establish the risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospitalization in Bangladesh by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Taniuchi ◽  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
Md Abu Sayeed ◽  
James A Platts-Mills ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Diarrhea remains a major public health problem and characterization of its etiology is needed to prioritize interventions. However, most data are from single-site studies of children. We tested samples from participants of any age from 11 geographically diverse hospitals in Bangladesh to describe pathogen-specific burdens of diarrhea. Methods We utilized 2 existing diarrhea surveillance systems: a Nationwide network at 10 sentinel hospitals and at the icddr,b hospital. We tested stools from enrolled participants and nondiarrheal controls for enteropathogens using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and calculated pathogen-specific attributable fractions (AFs) of diarrhea. Results We analyzed 5516 patients with diarrhea and 735 controls. Overall, rotavirus had the highest attributable burden of diarrhea (Nationwide AF, 17.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.3–20.9%; icddr,b AF, 39.9%; 38.0–41.8%), followed by adenovirus 40/41 (Nationwide AF, 17.9%; 95% CI: 13.9–21.9%; icddr,b AF, 16.6%; 95% CI, 14.4–19.4%) and Vibrio cholerae (Nationwide AF, 10.2%; 95% CI, 9.1–11.3%; icddr,b AF, 13.3%; 95% CI: 11.9–15.1%). Rotavirus was the leading pathogen in children <5 years and was consistent across the sites (coefficient of variation = 56.3%). Adenovirus 40/41 was the second leading pathogen in both children and adults. Vibrio cholerae was the leading pathogen in individuals >5 years old, but was more geographically variable (coefficient of variation = 71.5%). Other attributable pathogens included astrovirus, norovirus, Shigella, Salmonella, ETEC, sapovirus, and typical EPEC. Conclusions Rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, and V. cholerae were the leading etiologies of infectious diarrhea requiring hospitalization in Bangladesh. Other pathogens were important in certain age groups or sites.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains circulating in Assam: a north eastern state of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajanta Sharma ◽  
Bornali Sarmah Dutta ◽  
Debajit Rabha ◽  
Elmy Samsun Rasul ◽  
Naba Kumar Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
El Tor

Background and Objectives: Information on the genetic epidemiology of cholera in Assam, a northeastern state of India is lacking despite cholera being a major public health problem. The study aimed to determine the virulence genes and genes encoding antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae isolates and to determine the prevalent genotypes based on the presence or absence of the virulence genes and ctxB genotype. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five V. cholerae strains were subjected to conventional biotyping and serotyping followed by multiplex PCR to detect ctxA, ctxB, zot, ace, O1rfb, tcpA, ompU, ompW, rtxC, hly and toxR and antibiotic resistance genes. Cholera toxin B (ctxB) gene was amplified followed by sequencing. Results: All the V. cholerae O1 isolates were El Tor Ogawa and showed the presence of the core toxin region representing the genome of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXø. The complete cassette of virulence genes was seen in 48% of the isolates which was the predominant genotype. All the isolates possessed amino acid sequences identical to the El Tor ctxB subunit of genotype 3. sulII gene was detected in 68% of the isolates, dfrA1 in 88%, strB in 48% and SXT gene was detected in 36% of the isolates. Conclusion: Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa strains of ctxB genotype 3 carrying a large pool of virulence genes are prevailing in Assam. Presence of a transmissible genetic element SXT in 36% of the strains is of major concern as it indicates the emergence of multiple drug resistance among the V. cholerae isolates.  

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the Future Trends of Cholera Epidemic

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steady Mushayabasa ◽  
Claver P. Bhunu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Cholera, an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, remains a major public health problem in many parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A mathematical model is developed, to assess the impact of increasing antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the future trends of the cholera epidemic. Equilibrium states of the model are determined and their stabilities have been examined. The impacts of increasing antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the future trends of cholera epidemic have been investigated through the reproductive number. Numerical results are provided to support analytical findings.

New Multiplex PCR Method for Identification of East European Green Frog Species and Their Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ermakov ◽  
A. Ivanov ◽  
S. Titov ◽  
A. Svinin ◽  
S. N. Litvinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Green Frog ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
East European ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Species Specific

A molecular multiplex PCR method for identification of East European green frog species (Pelophylax ridibundus, P. cf. bedriagae and P. lessonae) and their hybrids was developed. This simple and rapid method can be used for identification of species-specific mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. The method is based on species-specific differences in primary structure of the subunit 1 of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase gene (COI) and the intron-1 of the nuclear serum albumin gene (SAI-1). Based on the method, we analyzed numerous individuals of these species and their hybrids from East European Plain, the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Ural, as well as introduced populations from Western Siberia and the Kamchatka. In all cases, identification of species performed by use of the multiplex PCR method coincided with results of study of primary nucleotide sequences.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Typhidot (IgM) for Early Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohra Begum ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
AKM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md Monjurul Ahsan ◽  
AKM Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Culture Positive

Typhoid fever still continues to be a major public health problem, particularly in many developing countries. A simple, reliable, affordable and rapid diagnostic test has been a long-felt need of the clinicians. We, therefore, prospectively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot (IgM), a serological test to identify IgM antibodies against Salmonella typhi. The study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh between June, 2006 and July, 2007, on a total of 100 samples from clinically suspected patients to have typhoid fever. Blood culture as well as Typhidot test were performed for each of the cases. Out of 100 clinically diagnosed typhoid fever, 14 were blood culture positive for S. typhi and 73 were Typhidot (IgM) positive. Among 14 culture positive cases, 13 (92.85%) were Typhidot (IgM) positive. The test was also positive in 04 (20%) out of 20 febrile controls. None of the healthy controls was positive by Typhidot (IgM). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test using blood culture as gold standard were 92.85%, 90.00%, 76.47% and 97.29% respectively for typhoid fever. Typhidot (IgM) test is rapid, easy to perform and reliable test for diagnosing typhoid fever, and useful for small, less equipped laboratories as well as for the laboratories with better facilities. Key words: Typhoid fever, Salmonella typhi, Typhidot (IgM) test   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2964 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 10-13

scholarly journals Design of a multiplex PCR method for detection of toxigenic-pathogenic in Vibrio cholerae

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fooladi AA Imani ◽  
Islamieh D Iman ◽  
Doust R Hosseini ◽  
A Karami ◽  
SM Marashi
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pcr Method

scholarly journals A new multiplex PCR for species-specific diagnosis of human candidiasis

Biomédica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Torcoroma García ◽  
Liany Johanna Luna ◽  
Tania Katherine Velasco ◽  
Beatriz Elena Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Species Specific

Introducción. Las candidiasis son un grupo de infecciones oportunistas causadas por levaduras del género Candida. C. albicans es la especie de mayor prevalencia en infecciones superficiales y profundas, sin embargo en la actualidad la frecuencia de especies no albicans, ha incrementado considerablemente su relevancia clínica en la última década, haciendo obligatoria la utilización de técnicas diagnósticas que permitan la identificación de especies para el manejo terapéutico adecuado de los pacientes.Objetivo. Diseñar y optimizar una técnica de PCR múltiplex considerando parámetros termodinámicos, para la identificación simultánea de cinco especies de Candida relevantes en la etiología de candidiasis humana.Materiales y métodos. Para el diseño de los cebadores se consideraron restricciones físicas y termodinámicas que afectan la PCR múltiplex, usando Gene Runner y Mult-PSOS. Como secuencias base se utilizaron: región transcrita interna 2 (ITS2) (AJ249486.1) para C. albicans y topoisomerasa II (TOPII) para C. parasilopsis (AB049144.1), C. krusei (AB049139.1), C. tropicalis (AB049141.1) y C. guillermondii (AB049145.1). Como moldes fueron utilizados extractos de ADN total obtenidos de cepas ATCC y aislamientos clínicos de las especies de Candida.Resultados. Se diseñaron 10 cebadores para la amplificación simultánea de las especies de Candida. El patrón de bandas obtenido fue: C. albicans (206pb), C. guillermondii (244pb), C. tropicalis (474pb), C. parasilopsis (558pb) y C. krusei (419pb).Conclusión. El ensayo de PCR múltiplex diseñado permitió la amplificación simultánea y eficiente de todos los amplicones correspondientes a las especies de Candida estudiadas, las cuales presentaron una adecuada resolución en gel de agarosa al 1,3%.

A Collagenase-Targeted Multiplex PCR Assay for Identification of Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA DI PINTO ◽  
GIUSEPPINA CICCARESE ◽  
GIUSEPPINA TANTILLO ◽  
DOMENICO CATALANO ◽  
VITO TONY FORTE
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Species Specific

A multiplex PCR assay using three collagenase-targeted primer pairs for the species-specific detection of Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was developed. The results highlight the species specificity of the three primer sets designed. Because of the increasing importance of Vibrio spp. in human foodborne diseases, molecular approaches for routine microbial screening and monitoring of clinical, environmental, and food samples also have become more important. The results of this study indicate that the gene coding for collagenase should be used as an alternative molecular target to discriminate among the three Vibrio species.

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