scholarly journals Distribution and elimination of protein therapeutics: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Bishwajit Sutradhar ◽  
Sabera Khatun ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Mamotaz Begum
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Protein Therapeutics ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Stimulating Factor

It was 1980s when the first therapeutic protein was launched in the market. It was recombinant DNAderived insulin. Since its inception, within the worldwide pharmaceutical sector, protein therapeutics has been enjoying the fastest growth, notably for the last few years. As a result it is assumed that the treatment methodology with the conventional drug therapy will be shifted towards therapeutic proteins in near future. It made revolution in the treatment of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. The major segments in protein therapeutics are monoclonal antibody, insulin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), coagulation factors etc. In this review paper we will discuss the general aspects of protein therapeutics with their advantages over small-molecule drugs, functional classification of therapeutic proteins and their uses. The pharmacokinetics of protein therapeutics, especially from the distribution and elimination characteristics of therapeutic proteins will be discussed in brief with relevant examples. The major challenges and future perspectives will also be presented in short. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10433 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 01-12

scholarly journals In-vitro phytochemical and anthelmintic activity of Cocculus hirsutus Linn. and Rumex dentatus Linn.

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Imran Ashab ◽  
Shah Marzia Mahjabin Lina
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Protein Therapeutics ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Cocculus Hirsutus ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Near Future

It was 1980s when the first therapeutic protein was launched in the market. It was recombinant DNAderived insulin. Since its inception, within the worldwide pharmaceutical sector, protein therapeutics has been enjoying the fastest growth, notably for the last few years. As a result it is assumed that the treatment methodology with the conventional drug therapy will be shifted towards therapeutic proteins in near future. It made revolution in the treatment of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. The major segments in protein therapeutics are monoclonal antibody, insulin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), coagulation factors etc. In this review paper we will discuss the general aspects of protein therapeutics with their advantages over small-molecule drugs, functional classification of therapeutic proteins and their uses. The pharmacokinetics of protein therapeutics, especially from the distribution and elimination characteristics of therapeutic proteins will be discussed in brief with relevant examples. The major challenges and future perspectives will also be presented in short.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10442  S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 63-65

scholarly journals Fermi's paradox: The last challenge for copernicanism?

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Cirkovic
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Major Review ◽  
Observation Selection ◽  
Near Future

We review Fermi's paradox (or the 'Great Silence' problem), not only arguably the oldest and crucial problem for the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI), but also a conundrum of profound scientific, philosophical and cultural importance. By a simple analysis of observation selection effects, the correct resolution of Fermi's paradox is certain to tell us something about the future of humanity. Already more than three quarters of century old puzzle and a quarter of century since the last major review paper in the field by G. David Brin has generated many ingenious discussions and hypotheses. We analyze the often tacit methodological assumptions built in various answers to this puzzle and attempt a new classification of the numerous solutions proposed in an already huge literature on the subject. Finally, we consider the ramifications of various classes of hypotheses for the practical SETI projects. Somewhat paradoxically, it seems that the class of (neo)catastrophic hypotheses gives, on the balance, the strongest justification to optimism regarding our current and near-future SETI efforts.

Classification of Cloud Systems Cyber-security Threats and Solutions Directives

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanane Bennasar ◽  
Mohammad Essaaidi ◽  
Ahmed Bendahmane ◽  
Jalel Benothmane
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Near Future

Cloud computing cyber security is a subject that has been in top flight for a long period and even in near future. However, cloud computing permit to stock up a huge number of data in the cloud stockage, and allow the user to pay per utilization from anywhere via any terminal equipment. Among the major issues related to Cloud Computing security, we can mention data security, denial of service attacks, confidentiality, availability, and data integrity. This paper is dedicated to a taxonomic classification study of cloud computing cyber-security. With the main objective to identify the main challenges and issues in this field, the different approaches and solutions proposed to address them and the open problems that need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of congenital heart diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e000196
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Xiaosi Jin ◽  
Yuhao Zhang ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Rulai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Near Future

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with birth defects, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The classification of CHD is still elusive owing to the complex pathogenesis of CHD. Advances in molecular medicine have revealed the genetic basis of some heart anomalies. Genes associated with CHD might be modulated by various epigenetic factors. Thus, the genetic and epigenetic factors are gradually accepted as important triggers in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, few literatures have comprehensively elaborated the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of CHD. This review focuses on the etiology of CHD from genetics and epigenetics to discuss the role of these factors in the development of CHD. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic in the pathogenesis of CHD are also elaborated. Chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations in genetics, and DNA methylations, histone modifications and on-coding RNAs in epigenetics are summarized in detail. We hope the summative knowledge of these etiologies may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD so that morbidity and mortality of children with CHD can be reduced in the near future.

scholarly journals Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare Systems: Grand Challenges and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Sumaira Anjum ◽  
Sara Ishaque ◽  
Hijab Fatima ◽  
Wajiha Farooq ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Human Right ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Shed Light

Healthcare, as a basic human right, has often become the focus of the development of innovative technologies. Technological progress has significantly contributed to the provision of high-quality, on-time, acceptable, and affordable healthcare. Advancements in nanoscience have led to the emergence of a new generation of nanostructures. Each of them has a unique set of properties that account for their astonishing applications. Since its inception, nanotechnology has continuously affected healthcare and has exerted a tremendous influence on its transformation, contributing to better outcomes. In the last two decades, the world has seen nanotechnology taking steps towards its omnipresence and the process has been accelerated by extensive research in various healthcare sectors. The inclusion of nanotechnology and its allied nanocarriers/nanosystems in medicine is known as nanomedicine, a field that has brought about numerous benefits in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Various nanosystems have been found to be better candidates for theranostic purposes, in contrast to conventional ones. This review paper will shed light on medically significant nanosystems, as well as their applications and limitations in areas such as gene therapy, targeted drug delivery, and in the treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Although nanotechnology holds immense potential, it is yet to be exploited. More efforts need to be directed to overcome these limitations and make full use of its potential in order to revolutionize the healthcare sector in near future.

Protein Therapeutics: An Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Arindam Chakraborty ◽  
Dipak Kumar Singha ◽  
Manas Chakraborty ◽  
Payel Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Stability Problem ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Protein Therapeutics ◽  
Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Therapeutic protein are one of the prime option of biologicals as per their clinical uses. In recent times, uses of therapeutic protein increases day by day. Protein therapeutics are used extensively to treat various diseases like cancer, AIDS etc. Due to recent advancement in pharmaceutical biotechnology the interest towards therapeutic proteins are augmenting nowadays. Various clinical research are going on in this field to treat different diseases and pharmaceutical industries are also make interest on therapeutic proteins. Among the various treatment options therapeutic protein will provide highest chance of clinical success. Some recent clinical trials demonstrate that therapeutic protein may provide the safe and potential option to treat various diseases, but there are some drawbacks also like some immunogenic issues, safety, stability problem of protein, degradation of protein in various conditions.

scholarly journals The NMR Spectral Measurement Database: A System for Organizing and Accessing NMR Spectra of Therapeutic Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niksa Blonder ◽  
Frank Delaglio
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Protein Therapeutics ◽  
Spectral Measurement ◽  
Storage And Retrieval

The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectral Measurement Database (NMR-SMDB) was developed for the purpose of organizing and searching NMR spectral data of protein therapeutics, linking spectra to corresponding sample information and enabling quick access to full datasets and entire studies. In addition to supporting internal research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the system could facilitate data access to stakeholders outside of NIST, and future versions of the database software itself could be installed by others for their own data storage and retrieval.

scholarly journals Brain Concussion: New Classifications and Current Physiopathological Knowledge of the Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Daniel Damiani ◽  
Durval Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Late Sequelae ◽  
Brain Concussion ◽  
Cerebral Concussion ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractThe present review paper aims to update the definition and classification of cerebral concussion, highlighting its pathophysiological mechanisms. The high prevalence of cerebral concussion in emergency rooms around the world makes it necessary to know its proper management to avoid its late sequelae, which traditionally compromise cognitive aspects of behavior. New evidence on potential neuroprotective treatments is being investigated.

scholarly journals Advances in the Treatment of Hemophilia: Implications for Laboratory Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Tripodi ◽  
Veena Chantarangkul ◽  
Cristina Novembrino ◽  
Flora Peyvandi
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
One Stage ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Bypassing Agents ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Near Future

Abstract BACKGROUND Until recently, clinical laboratories have monitored hemophilia treatment by measuring coagulation factors before/after infusion of human-derived or recombinant factors. Substantial changes are expected in the near future based on new therapeutic approaches that have been or are being developed. CONTENT Hemophilia treatment includes replacement therapy with human-derived/recombinant factors or treatment with bypassing agents for patients without or with inhibitors, respectively. Accordingly, laboratory methods for monitoring include one-stage clotting or chromogenic assays meant to measure either factor VIII/IX or global coagulation tests to measure the effect of bypassing agents. Recently, modified long-acting coagulation factors have been introduced for which discrepant results may be expected when measurement is performed with one-stage clotting or chromogenic assays. Currently, novel drugs not based on coagulation factors are under development and are being tested in clinical studies. These drugs do require new methods and therefore laboratory evaluation of hemophilia will undergo dramatic changes in the near future. SUMMARY From the analysis of the current practice and literature, we draw the following conclusions: (a) Thrombin generation or thromboelastometry are the logical candidate assays to monitor bypassing agents. (b) Considerable differences are expected when measuring modified long-acting coagulation factors, depending on whether one-stage or chromogenic assays are used. Although no definitive conclusions can presently be drawn, chromogenic assays are probably more suitable than one-stage clotting. (c) Novel drugs not based on coagulation factors such as emicizumab, fitusiran, or concizumab that are entering the market do require alternative methods that are not yet well established.

scholarly journals Expression of the c-mpl proto-oncogene in human hematologic malignancies

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Vigon ◽  
F Dreyfus ◽  
J Melle ◽  
F Viguie ◽  
V Ribrag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Lymphoid Malignancies ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
French American British ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Similar to two other hematopoietic growth factor receptors, the c-fms (macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor) and the c-kit genes, c- mpl has been discovered through the study of oncogenic retroviruses. Unlike c-fms and c-kit, which both belong to a subgroup of tyrosine kinase receptors, the c-mpl proto-oncogene encodes a new member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. We have studied the expression of c-mpl in a series of 105 patients with hematologic malignancies using Northern blot analysis. The levels of c-mpl transcripts in lymphoid malignancies and in chronic myeloproliferative disorders were not significantly different from those found in normal bone marrow cells, in which c-mpl was barely detectable. In contrast, c-mpl expression was increased in 26 of 51 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and in 5 of 16 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Amplification of the c-mpl gene was detected in genomic DNA of one M4 AML patient. There was no significant correlation between c-mpl expression and the French-American-British classification of AML. Patients with high c-mpl expression appeared to belong to a subgroup of AML with a low rate of complete remission and a poor prognosis, including secondary leukemia and AML with unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities.

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