scholarly journals Association of Backpack Weight with Musculoskeletal Status among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540
Author(s):  
Sristy Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Backpack Weight

Background: Adolescence period is a critical stage of musculoskeletal development and carrying heavy backpack to school daily puts them at risk of musculoskeletal discomfort. This study aims to find out the association of backpack weight with musculoskeletal status among adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 grade 4 to 8 students from three government schools of Lalitpur. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Around 68% of the adolescents carried schoolbag of weight greater than 10% of their body weight. Similarly, 66.7% perceived musculoskeletal pain of which 29.9% had ever missed school due to pain, 70.1% felt tired while carrying their schoolbag and 23.4% adopted forward/sideways leaning posture while carrying their schoolbag. Age (p< 0.001), backpack percentage to body weight (p< 0.001) and perceived weight of schoolbag (p= 0.006) were significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. Similarly, age (p= 0.023), sex (p= 0.005), grade (p= 0.030) and perceived weight of schoolbag (p= 0.007) were significantly associated with tiredness while carrying schoolbag. Also, backpack percentage to body weight (p= 0.008), duration of carrying schoolbag (p= 0.010) and perceived weight of schoolbag (p= 0.001) were significantly associated with posture assumed while carrying schoolbag. Conclusions: Students carrying backpack weight more than recommended limit are more likely to develop musculoskeletal pain and change in posture while carrying their schoolbag. Thus, necessary steps must be taken to further analyze the situation and develop management strategies on reducing backpack weight and its possible effect on adolescents. Keywords: Adolescents; backpack weight; musculoskeletal pain; tiredness, fatigue

scholarly journals Relationship between School Backpacks and Musculoskeletal Pain in Children 8 to 10 Years of Age: An Observational, Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania López Hernández ◽  
Marina Caparó Ferré ◽  
Sílvia Giné Martí ◽  
Isabel Salvat Salvat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
The Relationship

Back pain in children is a reality and various factors are involved in its etiology. The study’s aim was to analyze the relationship between the use and type of backpack and pain in children. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 schoolchildren between 8–10 years. Data on the participants’ weight and height and their backpacks were collected, as well as the way of travel to school and their physical activity during the week. The results indicated that all backpacks were large because the backpack’s height is longer than torso length. Participants who studied in a traditional educational system (62.60%) carried backpacks that exceeded 10% of their body weight. Additionally, 31.7% of the students presented pain. There is no significant correlation between the weight or type of backpack and the pressure pain threshold collected from shoulders muscles. Participants who carried backpacks heavier than 10% of their body weight did not have more musculoskeletal pain or a lower pressure pain threshold than the others, although they did report greater fatigue. All these topics should be debated considering the student’s social environment and the backpack’s discomfort to the children, even though no relationship was found between musculoskeletal pain and backpack weight.

scholarly journals Systems Nutrology of Adolescents with Divergence between Measured and Perceived Weight Uncovers a Distinctive Profile Defined by Inverse Relationships of Food Consumption

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Vanessa M. B. Andrade ◽  
Mônica L. P. de Santana ◽  
Kiyoshi F. Fukutani ◽  
Artur T. L. Queiroz ◽  
Maria B. Arriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Status

Changes in food consumption, physical inactivity, and other lifestyle habits are potential causes of the obesity epidemic. Paradoxically, the media promotes idealization of a leaner body appearance. Under these circumstances, self-perception of weight by adolescents may be affected. Here, we performed a cross-sectional study, between June and December 2009, to evaluate the interaction between anthropometric status, perceived body weight, and food consumption profiles in 1496 adolescents from public schools in Salvador, Brazil. Data on socio-epidemiological information, anthropometric status, and dietary patterns were analyzed using multidimensional statistical approaches adapted from systems biology. There were dissimilarities between anthropometric status and perception of body weight related to sex. Four dietary patterns were identified based on the food intake profile in the study participants. The distinct dietary patterns were not influenced by divergence between measured and perceived weight. Moreover, network analysis revealed that overestimation of body weight was characterized by a selectivity in ingestion of food groups that resulted in appearance of inverse correlations of consumption. Thus, misperception of body weight is associated with inverse correlations of consumption of certain food groups. These findings may aid individualized nutritional interventions in adolescents who overestimate body weight.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain and Its Relation With Weight of Backpacks in School-Going Children in Eastern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhu Sankaran ◽  
Joseph John ◽  
Sameer Sekhar Patra ◽  
Rashmi Ranjan Das ◽  
Amit Kumar Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Backpack Weight

Background: Recently, heavy school backpacks have become a significant concern among parents and health professionals, as well as the media, but evidence for the same is limited in the Indian context.Aim: To find the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among school-going children and its relationship with backpack weight.Design: Cross-sectional study.Method: This study was carried out among school-going children from grade 6 to 10 with age of 10 to 16 years from an urban and rural location. Schools were selected randomly from all enlisted schools in the district of Khurdha, Odisha state of India. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess symptoms of musculoskeletal pain. Anthropometric measurements along with backpack weight were taken.Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors with maximum effect on musculoskeletal pain.Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 18.8% in the preceding year. Backpacks weights were higher among children of urban schools as compared with rural areas. Children from urban schools were more likely to have pain than those from rural schools (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.41–2.49). Those children with a backpack weight more than 10% of body weight had almost twice the risk of musculoskeletal pain compared to backpack weight less than 10% (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.4–2.6) in univariate analysis where as no significant association was found on multivariate analysis.Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high in school-going children. In children, carrying higher backpack weight, and a higher percentage of the backpack to bodyweight had a significant association with musculoskeletal pain. Gender, height, body mass index, and backpack weight to body weight &gt; 10% had no association with musculoskeletal pain.

scholarly journals The Backpack Weights of Primary School Students and their Backpack Use Status: Do we need to worry about it?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tufan Asli Sezer ◽  
Aslihan Ozturk ◽  
Figen Isik Esenay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Backpack Weight

Improper backpack use can cause various health problems, such as lower back, back, and shoulder pain and postural distortion in children. These problems reduce the quality of life of children and affect their success in their educational lives. This study aimed to determine the weights of primary school students backpack and their backpack use status. The results of this study offer a guide for the educational practitioners oriented at gaining positive behaviors by using the right backpack. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the fall semester of 2017. The sample comprised 374 students from three different schools in Ankara-Turkey aged 6-11. Data collection was done using a personal information form and checklist for backpack use which was developed based on the related literature. The study used descriptive statistics, independent group t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) for data analysis. The mean backpack weight was 4.03 kg. The study found that 96.2% of the children wore their backpacks using both shoulder straps, 54.2% of their backpacks were not in full contact with their backs, and 42.1% of the children wore their backpacks below their back and did not use a waist belt. The study determined the mean rate of the childrens backpack weight to their body weight as 14.4%. The study found that backpack weight increases in parallel with the age and the grade of the child. The study reported that backpack weights and improper backpack use among primary school students were high and most of the children carried backpacks that were heavier than 10% of their body weight.

scholarly journals The Weight of Schoolbags and Musculoskeletal Pain in Children of Selected Schools in Thimphu, Bhutan: A Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Thinley Dorji ◽  
Saran Tenzin Tamang ◽  
Sonam Yoezer ◽  
Kuenzang Wangdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade 8

Background: The carriage of loads on the back in children, >10% of one’s body weight (BW), induces postural change and morbidity related to spinal pain. We studied the weight of schoolbags and the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain related to carrying schoolbags among children in Thimphu, Bhutan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a multistage cluster sampling, conducted amongst grade 8 and 10 students. Data were collected using a standardized self-administered questionnaire and weights of students and schoolbags were measured. Descriptive statistics were used to present the findings. Means were compared using t test and risk factors were identified using logistic regression. Results: There were 131 students whose schoolbags weighed >10% body weight (BW). The mean weight of schoolbags was 4.6 ±1.5 kg for grade 8 students and 4.0 ±1.5 kg for grade 10 students. Musculoskeletal pain in at least one body region was reported by 411 students. Schoolbags weighing >10% BW and carrying the bags over only one shoulder were significant risk factors for reporting musculoskeletal pain. There were 197 students whose schoolbags did not have any safety feature; students did not use them consistently even if they were present. Conclusions: The weight of school bags that were more than the recommended ≤10% BW was a strong factor in reporting musculoskeletal pain. Parents and students may be educated on the use of schoolbags with safety features. Measures such as providing storage facilities in schools may reduce the weight of bags.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Restrained Eating, Body Image, and Dietary Intake among University Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Cuiting Yong ◽  
Hanmei Liu ◽  
Qiping Yang ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Yufeng Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese College Students

This study aims to explore the association between restrained eating, body image, and dietary intake among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study included 1301 college students at two universities in Hunan Province. Electronic questionnaires were used to collect information including students’ demographic characteristics, restrained eating, perception of body weight, body satisfaction, and dietary intake. Anthropometric measurements were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of high restrained eating was 52.8%. Students who were dissatisfied with their bodies or overestimated their body weight showed a higher tendency toward high restrained eating (p < 0.05). Students with high restrained eating tended to eat fruits and eggs more frequently, while the frequency of eating domestic animals and poultry, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast food were the opposite. Moreover, high restrained eating was a risk factor for low dietary diversity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.384, 95% confidence interval: 1.002~1.912). The high incidence of restrained eating among Chinese college students and its energy-restricted diets that may lead to possible health implications require attention. Further studies are needed to investigate the characteristics of college students’ restrained eating to tailor appropriate interventions for forming positive body images and promoting healthy eating behaviors, thus, improving dietary quality.

scholarly journals Knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Sarita Tuladhar ◽  
Jamuna Gurung
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pokhara Valley

Introduction: Conjunctivitis is a common health problem in Nepal. It is inflammation of conjunctiva presenting as red eye. It is a communicable eye disease. Health education to the students and proper management can help spread of the disease. Knowledge of conjunctivitis among school students will help in prevention of the disease. So the study was carried out to assess the knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal. Materials/ Methods: A school based cross sectional study was performed among six government schools in western Nepal from May 2019 to June 2019. Students from grade eight, nine and ten were included in the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge regarding sign symptoms of conjunctivitis, treatment, prevention, complication of conjunctivitis. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.6. Result: A total of 523 students were included in the study. The mean age of the students was 14.7 ± 1.2 years with majority of females (53%). Nearly 2/3rd of the students (61.6%) had heard of conjunctivitis. Majority of the students (87.4%) of the students mentioned that it is communicable while 80.3% of the students correctly mentioned its etiology. Majority of the students (97.9%) mentioned that it is curable with treatment as first option (97.5%). Majority of the students (98.3%) correctly responded to the preventive measures but majority of the students (83.2%) wrongly mentioned mode of transmission. Conclusion: Secondary school students in Western Nepal have poor knowledge of conjunctivitis. Appropriate eye health education should be given to school students to prevent rapid spread of infective conjunctivitis.  

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on dietary habits and physical activity in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Abduljalil Bakhsh ◽  
Jomana Khawandanah ◽  
Rouba Khalil Naaman ◽  
Shoug Alashmali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose strict hygiene and national lockdown measures, which in turn has changed the dietary and lifestyle habits of the world’s population. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate whether dietary and physical activity behaviors of Saudi Arabia’s adult population changed during the COVID-19 quarantine. Methods An electronic questionnaire which assessed changes in body weight, dietary habits, and physical activity of Saudi Arabia’s adult population (n = 2255) during the COVID-19 quarantine was distributed on social media between June and July 2020. To test the differences between changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors in relation to changes in body weight a Chi-square test was used. Results Over 40 and 45% of participants reported eating and snacking more, respectively, which led to weight gain in around 28%. Most participants reported that they consumed home-cooked (73%) and healthy meals (47%), while only 7% reported that they consumed foods from restaurants. Feelings of boredom and emptiness (44%) and the availability of time for preparing meals (40%) were the main reasons for changing dietary habits. Honey (43%) and vitamin C (50%) were the most consumed immune-boosting food and dietary supplement, respectively. COVID-19 also had a negative impact on physical activity, lowering the practice in 52% subjects, which was associated with significant weight gain (p < 0.001). Conclusion Assessing the changes to the population’s dietary habits and physical activity during the lockdown will help predict the outcome of the population’s future health and wellbeing after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Influence ofABCC2andABCC4Polymorphisms on Tenofovir Plasma Concentrations in Thai HIV-Infected Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3240-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokrat Rungtivasuwan ◽  
Anchalee Avihingsanon ◽  
Narukjaporn Thammajaruk ◽  
Siwaporn Mitruk ◽  
David M. Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTTenofovir (TFV) is eliminated by renal excretion, which is mediated through multidrug-resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP4, encoded byABCC2andABCC4, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms of these transporters may affect the plasma concentrations of tenofovir. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on tenofovir plasma concentrations. A cross-sectional study was performed in Thai HIV-infected patients aged ≥18 years who had been receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 300 mg once daily for at least 6 months. A middose tenofovir plasma concentration was obtained. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate whether there was an association between tenofovir plasma concentrations and demographic data, including age, sex, body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hepatitis B virus coinfection, hepatitis C virus coinfection, duration of tenofovir treatment, concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and polymorphisms ofABCC2andABCC4. A total of 150 Thai HIV-infected patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 43.9 ± 7.2 years. The mean tenofovir plasma concentration was 100.3 ± 52.7 ng/ml. In multivariate analysis, a low body weight, a low eGFR, the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and theABCC44131T → G variation (genotype TG or GG) were independently associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations. After adjusting for weight, eGFR, and the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, a 30% increase in the mean tenofovir plasma concentration was observed in patients having theABCC44131 TG or GG genotype. Both genetic and nongenetic factors affect tenofovir plasma concentrations. These factors should be considered when adjusting tenofovir dosage regimens to ensure the efficacy and safety of a drug. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01138241.)

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