Study of Desorbtion and Exemption of Terpeno-indole Alkaloids of Vinkristin and Vinblastin from Erythrocitary Cell Carriers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Trineeva ◽  
A. D. Khalahakun
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Technology ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Cell Carriers ◽  
Modified Media ◽  
Modified Forms

Introduction. Employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology have obtained modified forms of terpino-indole alkaloids (ТIA) and vinbristine (VCR) and vinblastine (VBL) known in the treatment of cancer diseases by incorporating them into the erythrocyte carriers (EN) by the modified method of hypoosmotic lysis in the modified (aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and unmodified media.Aim. The aim of the work was to study the desorption and release of terpene-indole vincristine and vinblastine alkaloids from previously obtained cellular erythrocyte carriers.Materials and methods. In the experiment performed, the release characteristics of encapsulated preparations from erythrocytes were determined. TIA preparations were released from erythrocyte form in 6 hours: VCR – 54.5305%, VCR : PEG-4000 (1:5) – 53.3305%, VCR : PEG-4000 (1:10) – 40.1283%, VCR : PEG-4000 (1:20) – 39.9869%, VCR : DMSO (2 mg/ml) – 54.2354%, VBL – 68.0656%; VBL : PEG-4000 (1:10) – 63.8941%; VBL : PEG-4000 (1:20) – 60.7455%; VBL : PEG-400 (1:20) – 60.3529%; VBL : DMSO (2 mg/ml) – 64.5006%. The rate of release from an erythrocyte form encapsulated in a medium modified with DMSO is significantly higher than that encapsulated in an unmodified medium. The average rate of TIA release from erythrocyte forms encapsulated in PEG medium is approximately the same.Results and discussion. The results show that the release of hemoglobin from TIA encapsulated erythrocytes compared with non-encapsulated EN is small. The results show that, on average, 8.242 ± 0.3135% of hemoglobin is released from TIA encapsulated with EN, compared to control erythrocytes – 7.53% after 6 h of incubation at 37 °C. The release of hemoglobin from the TIA of encapsulated erythrocytes in modified media is less than that encapsulated in unmodified medium.Conclusion. Based on these results, it can be suggested that PEG can bind to the erythrocyte membrane and stabilize it.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.) SEBAGAI ANTIACNE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Yulistia Budianti Soemarie ◽  
Tri Astuti ◽  
Nur Rochmah
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Acne Treatment

Currently, the development of acne drugs (antiacne) use  many natural materials because the natural materials can minimize the side effect if compared with synthetic chemicals drugs. Acne can caused by propionibacterium acnes, staphylococcus epidermis and staphylococcus aureu. One of plants that can be used for acne treatment is leaves of Avocado (Persea americana Mill). The aim of this study was to know whether the ethanol extract of leaves of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) can be made into an ointment preparations that fulfill the requirements. Sample in this research was extract of avocado leaves which used maceration method. The ointment formulations were made into some variation concentrations of PEG 400 and PEG 4000: Formula I (30%:70%); Formula II (50%:50%) and Formula III (70%:30%). The results show that the ointment of avocado leaves which fulfilled the requirements of physical properties is formula III with concentration of PEG 400 70 % and PEG 4000 30 %

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SEDIAAN SALEP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BASIS PEG 4000 dan PEG 400

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tri Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ointment Formulation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRAK Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) memiliki kandungan tanin dan flavonoid. Kandungan Flavonoid dan Tanin yang terdapat dalam belimbing wuluh mampu memberikan efek untuk menyembuhkan kulit yang mengalami kerusakan jaringan sel akibat luka bakar. Ada beberapa cara untuk pemanfaatan Daun Belimbing Wuluh antara lain dengan dibuat dalam sediaan salep. Pada penelitian ini salep dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh sebesar 10%, 15%, dan 20%  mengguankan basis PEG 4000 dan PEG 400. Ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh diperoleh menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai pelarutnya. Salep yang sudah dibuat kemudian dilakukan uji karakteristik meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat dan uji daya sebar. Hasil uji organoleptis dan homogenitas di analisa secara deskrisptif kemudian hasil uji daya lekat dan uji daya sebar di analisa dengan menggunakan analisa statistik one-way ANOVA.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa salep berbentuk semipadat dengan warna hijau muda sampai hijau kehitaman. Hasil uji homogenitas di dapatkan untuk ketiga formula adalah homogen. Nilai daya sebar pada ketiga formula menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan, pada hasil uji daya lekat dan pH didapatkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap ketiga formulasi. Dengan demikian perbedaan konsentrasi zat aktif yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap daya sebar sediaan salep ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh. Kata kunci: Averrhoa bilimbi L; Salep; PEG   ABSTRACT Carambola leaf Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) contains tannins and flavonoids. The content of flavonoids and tannins contained in starfruit able to give effect to heal skin damaged cell tissue from burns. There were several ways for  utilization  of  Averrhoa  bilimbi  L.  among  others,  made  some  preparations, especially ointment formulation. This study aims to formulate leaf extract ointment preparation starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L) with various concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% using the PEG 4000 and PEG 400 as a base. Leaf extract obtained from meserasi leaf Averrhoa bilimbi  L  with  70%  ethanol. The ointment that has been made is then subjected to characteristic tests including organoleptic tests, homogeneity, adhesion and spreadability tests. The results of the organoleptic test and homogeneity were analyzed descriptively, then the results of the adhesion test and the spreadability test were analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical analysis. The results showed that the ointment was semisolid, light green to blackish green. The homogeneity test results obtained for the three formulas are homogeneous. The value of the spreadability of the three formulas showed a significant difference, the results of the adhesion and pH test showed no significant difference between the three formulations. Thus the difference in the concentration of the active substance used affects the spreadability of the starfruit leaf extract ointment. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi L; ointment; PEG

Issues of pharmaceutical specialist admission to work

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Tatiana L. Moroz ◽  
Olga A. Ryzhova
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Staff Turnover ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Pharmaceutical Technology ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The Right

A study was carried out to identify differences in training of resident physicians in the specialties: Management and Economics of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and under the specialist’s program Pharmacy and to explore the possibilities of granting pharmacy workers the right to transit from one specialty to another without compulsory completion of residency. The urgency of this article is associated with a large number of issues that are being faced by pharmacists who transit from one specialty to another.An analysis of the age and occupational structure of pharmacists improving their qualifications (2300 people) was conducted in the Irkutsk region and the Trans-Baikal Territory. The results of the study showed that it seems like a good idea not to associate the transition from one specialty to another with the obligatory completion of residency, but to provide an admission to work as a pharmacist-technologist after initial accreditation, taking into account the specifics of the work of pharmaceutical specialists in pharmacies, the need to ensure the interchangeability of workers and reduce staff turnover without falling off in quality of work.

Effect of Ground Vulcanizate Modification Methods on Properties of Oil-Petroleum-Resistant Rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Vadim Myadelets ◽  
Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis ◽  
Andrey V. Kasperovich
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Rubber Crumb ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Resistant Rubber ◽  
Set Up

In this paper, the influence of the modification method applied to ground vulcanizate (GV) on the properties of elastomeric compositions based on nitrile rubber is discussed. Modified GV has been mixed with the elastomeric composition, which is used for the manufacturing of oil-petroleum-resistant rubber products.The work takes into consideration two types of GV with different chemical nature. The first GV type is rubber crumb produced from end-of-life tires. The second GV type was obtained from rubber wastes based on nitrile rubber. Three methods of the modification are compared in the research: mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill, swelling in a Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) medium, and the mechano-chemical transformation of GV with PEG-4000. It is shown that depending on the dosage addition of GV modified with PEG-4000 reduce the compression set up for (16.1±0.7%), the strength decreases only by 2.1–8.3%, and the elongation at break increases by 0.8–10.3% compared to rubber without additives.

Relating solubility data of parabens in liquid PEG 400 to the behaviour of PEG 4000-parabens solid dispersions

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Unga ◽  
Farhad Tajarobi ◽  
Ove Norder ◽  
Göran Frenning ◽  
Anette Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Peg 4000

scholarly journals Pharmacy, the continuously expanding field of science

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Pál Perjési ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Pharmaceutical Technology ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Originating from the traditional herbal formulations, nowadays, Pharmacy covers all the disciplines focusing on the behavior of complex pharmaceutical forms, drug-releasing systems, and active compounds in the human body. Masters of pharmaceutical sciences must know the basics of pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical technology, biotechnology, biology, physiology, pharmacology, and toxicology.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Formula Gel Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) sebagai Penyubur Rambut

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Novena Yety Lindawati ◽  
Lusia Murtisiwi ◽  
Crescentiana Emy Dhurhania
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Peg 4000

Kerontokan rambut merupakan masalah yang dapat mengganggu penampilan. Ekstrak teh hijau dengan kadar 5 % terbukti menstimulasi pertumbuhan rambut (Sumakdjaja, dkk., 2008). Zat aktif dalam teh hijau (Camellia sinensis L) yang berkhasiat sebagai penyubur rambut adalah senyawa katekin dan turunannya. Senyawa flavonoid teh hijau terdiri dari epikatekin, (EC), epikatekin galat (ECG), dan epigalokatekin galat (EGCG). Selain itu juga terdapat asam galat, galokatekin galat (GCG), galokatekin (GC), katekin galat (CG) katekin (C), vitamin B dan vitamin C (Agus, 2007) yang mampu memperkuat akar rambut, mencegah kerontokan rambut, menghambat radikal bebas, menetralkan racun, dan melindungi kulit kepala dari infeksi. Formula sediaan kosmetik dan makanan berbahan aktif the hijau telah menyita perhatian masyarakat. Penyubur rambut berbahan aktif ekstrak teh hijau berbentuk gel belum dijumpai di kalangan masyarakat. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan formula gel penyubur rambut berbahan aktif ekstrak teh hijau. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat empat formula, yaitu formula I (carbopol 1%, TEA 0,3%, gliserin 1 %), formula II (CMC Na 3%, gliserin 1%,), formula III (PEG 400 72 %, PEG 4000 8%, gliserin 1%) dan formula IV (carbopol 0,75%, TEA 2%, PEG 400 12 % gliserin 1 %. Masing-masing formula mengandung ekstrak teh hijau dengan kadar 5%, pengawet nipagin 0,1 %, dan natrium metabisulfit 0,1%, sediaan dibuat 100 gram. Keempat  gel yang diperoleh kemudian diuji kualitas sediaannya meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji daya proteksi, uji iritasi primer, uji aseptabilitas, serta uji aktivitas penyubur rambut. Dari penelitian diketahui bahwa formula gel yang paling optimal adalah formula I yang terdiri dari carbopol 1 %, TEA 0,3 %, dan gliserin 1%. Formula I menunjukkan konsistensi gel yang baik, mempunyai aktivitas penyubur rambut paling tinggi, tidak mengiritasi kulit, serta mempunyai sifat aseptabilitas yang baik.

Study on Chain Extension and Modification of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Isophorone Diisocyanate /Polyethylene Glycol

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2067-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Guo Dong Fan ◽  
Hai Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Isophorone Diisocyanate ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Better Than

Poly(lactic acid)(PLA)was end-capped by isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) to get PLA-IPDI under the condition of temperature of 176°C and pressure of 0.090 MPa for 13 mins, and then the PLA-IPDI was chain-extended with different molecular weights polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400, PEG-600, PEG-800, PEG-4000 and PEG-6000 to produce a series of block copolymer PLA-IPDI-PEGs. when n(–OH)/n(–NCO)=1.5:1, the molecular weight of PLA-IPDI is maximum. All the copolymer PLA-IPDI-PEGs were characterized by GPC, FTIR, DSC and contact angle testing. The results show that the polymeric degree of PLA-IPDI-PEG-800 is the best and its molecular weight is the biggest. Tg of PLA-IPDI-PEG-800 is the lowest and its hydrophilicity is better than the others modification PLA-IPD-PEGs and pure PLA.

PENGARUH KOMBINASI BASIS PEG 400 DAN BASIS PEG 4000 DALAM FORMULASI SALEP EKSTRAK DAUN SUKUN (Artocarpus altilis) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Sella_Arbi Nur_Ullya Dewi ◽  
Dewi Andini_Kunti Mulangsri ◽  
Mufrod Mufrod
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Solid Form

ABSTRACTBreadfruit leaves contain flavonoid compounds that can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Breadfruit leaf extract is practical and effective formulated in ointment preparations. The base combination of PEG 400 and PEG 4000 decreases the melting point of PEG 4000, so that it is compatible and can increase the penetration of drugs in the skin. The objective of this study to determine the breadfruit leaf extract ointment with a combination of PEG 400 and PEG 4000 bases as well as antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Breadfruit leaf extract (BLE) was obtained by maceration with 70% ethanol. Salve preparations were made into III formulas with variations in base concentrations of PEG 400 and PEG 4000, namely (F1) 75%: 25%, (F2) 50%: 50%, (F3) 25%: 75%, using the fusion method. Antibacterial activity test used agar well diffusion method. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test used for analyzed data from antibacterial activity test. The ointment of Breadfruit leaves extract showed the color of brown ointment, semi-solid form, distinctive aroma of breadfruit leave. All of three ointment formulas have antibacterial activity indicated by the formation of inhibitory zones around the well. All of three ointment formulas have significant differences which means the combination of PEG 400 and PEG 4000 can affect antibacterial activity of BLE ointment. The higher of the concentration PEG 4000 compared PEG 400 caused inhibiton zone become smaller that means the potency of antibacterial decreased. The formula has the greatest antibacterial activity in the FI is 8,02mm.Keywords: breadfruit leaves, ointment, PEG 400 and PEG 4000, antibacterial

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