KORELASI ANTARA HASIL TES MIKROSKOPIS DENGAN TES CEPAT MOLEKULER PADA PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS DAN MULTIDRUG RESISTEN TUBERCULOSIS DI RSUD Dr. H CHASAN BOESOIRIE TERNATE

Tuberculosis (TB) is a pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Globally in 2018 theestimated number of people affected by TB was estimated at 10.0 million population and 484,000 cases ofmultidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). This study aims to determine the correlation between microscopic testresults with RMT on TB and MDR-TB patients at RSUD Dr. H Chasan Boesoirie Ternate. This type of researchis analytical research using a retrospective approach. The sample in this study were patients with suspected TBand MDR-TB who had performed microscopic tests and TCM in February – April at 2020 in the ClinicalPathology Laboratory of RSUD Dr. H Chasan Boesoirie Ternate, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were analyzed using the SPSS program analysis was carried out in stages, namely by univariate andbivariate using chi-square test. From 100 samples, the results of RMT examination with TB suspects were 30rifampicin sensitive samples with 2 rifampicin resistance and 5 rifampin sensitive samples for TB MDR-TBsuspects RMT examination results. Chi-square test results obtained the value of p = 000 (p <0.05). There is stilla significant difference between the microscopic test results with RMT in TB and MDR-TB suspect patients atRSUD Dr. H Chasan Boesoirie Ternate.

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HUBUNGAN PENURUNAN KADAR CD4 DENGAN POLA KEPEKAAN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS TERHADAP RIFAMPISIN PADA PASIEN KO-INFEKSI TB-HIV DI RSUD DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA

Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala ◽

10.24815/jks.v19i1.18044 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

Firsta Wahono Febrianto ◽

Deby Kusumaningrum ◽

Arifa Mustika

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

General Hospital ◽

Medical Record ◽

Tuberculosis Patient ◽

Rifampicin Resistance ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Case Rate

Abstrak. Latar belakang Mycobacterium tuberculosis banyak menimbulkan masalah kesehatan yang kompleks. Salah satu penyakit yang ditimbulkan adalah Tuberkulosis (TB). Obat untuk mengatasi Tuberkulosis disebut Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT). Namun, sudah banyak Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang mengalami resistensi ganda terhadap obat lini pertama tersebut yang disebut MDR-TB (Multi-drug Resistant TB). Peningkatan kasus MDR-TB kemungkinan disebabkan oleh salah satu faktor risiko TB yaitu infeksi HIV (ko-infeksi TB-HIV). Sayangnya, ada tidaknya hubungan dari infeksi HIV, yang menurunkan kadar CD4, dengan pola kepekaan dari Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap Rifampisin di Indonesia belum diketahui secara pasti.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan penurunan kadar CD4 dengan pola kepekaan Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap Rifampisin pada pasien ko-infeksi TB-HIV di RSUD Dr. Soetomo SurabayaMetode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik observasional menggunakan studi analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Diperoleh 32 sampel dari rekam medis pasien ko-infeksi TB-HIV di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya periode 1 Januari - 31 Desember 2016. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square menggunakan aplikasi SPSS.Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan: Hasil uji Chi Square antara penurunan kadar CD4 dan pola kepekaan Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap RIfampisin menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,544).Kesimpulan: Diperoleh hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara penurunan kadar CD4 (200 sel/mm3) dengan resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap Rifampisin pada pasien koinfeksi TB-HIV di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya periode Januari-Desember 2016.Kata Kunci: ko-infeksi TB-HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, resisten Rifampisin, CD4. Abstract. Background: Rifampicin-resistance Tuberculosis (TB) case rate is increasing every year, particularly in Indonesia. It is probably caused by the infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on Tuberculosis patient, called TB-HIV co-infection. However, the association between HIV infection, which can cause decreasing of CD4, and Rifampicin-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis in TB-HIV co-infection patients is still not clearly yet. Objective: This study was undertaken to analyze the association between CD4 decreasing and Rifampicin resistance in TB-HIV co-infection patients of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.Methods: A retrospective research with cross-sectional method of TB-HIV co-infection patients’ medical record at Medical Record Center of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from 1 January to 31 December 2016 with 32 samples.Result: Chi Square test shows that there is no association (p=0,544) between CD4 decreasing and Rifampicin-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis in TB-HIV co-infection patients of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.Conclusion: There is no association between CD4 decreasing and Rifampicin-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis in TB-HIV co-infection patients.Keywords: TB-HIV co-infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rifampicin resistance, CD4.

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Kontribusi Pengetahuan Kader Terhadap Kinerja Kader Posyandu di Puskesmas Matandahi Konawe Utara

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/jpppk.v2i1.37 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Lukwan Lukwan

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drop Out ◽

Test Results ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contingency Coefficient ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Independent Variable

Abstrak Salah satu permasalahan Indonesia secara nasional yang berkaitan dengan kader adalah tingginya angka drop out kader.Tiap Posyandu hanya memiliki 2 orang kader yang aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi pengetahuan terhadap kinerja kader Posyandu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional Study dimana pengukuran variabel terikat dan variabel bebas dilakukan pada waktu dan tempat secara bersamaan. Data diolah dengan menggunakan uji statistik SPSS dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji Chi square dan uji phi. Hasil uji Chi square diperoleh X2 hit (4,375) dan uji koefisien kontingensi C = (0,474) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05). Nilai X2 hit (4,375) > X2 (3,841), maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulannya adalah ada hubungan yang cukup antara pengetahuan dengan Kinerja kader Posyandu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Matandahi Kabupaten Konawe Utara. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Kinerja Kader Posyandu Abstract Nationally, one of Indonesia’s problems related to the cadres is the high number of drop out cadres. Each Posyandu only has 2 active cadres. The purpose of this study is to know the contribution of knowledge to the performance of Posyandu cadres. The type of research used is analytical research with Cross Sectional Study design where the measurement of dependent variable and independent variable is done at the same time and place. Data were processed by using statistical test of spss with technique of data analysis using chi square test and phi test. Chi square test results obtained X2 hit (4.375) and contingency coefficient test C = (0.474) with 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). X2 hit value (4.375) > X2 (3.841), then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. The conclusion is that there is a sufficient relationship between knowledge with the performance of Posyandu cadres in the working area of the Puskesmas Matandahi Kabupaten Konawe Utara. Keywords: Knowledge, Performance of Posyandu Cadre’s

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Perbedaan Fungsi Kognitif Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Unissula dengan IPK Kurang dari 3 dan IPK Lebih sama dengan 3 Yudisium Tahun 2018

Proceedings of the ICECRS ◽

10.21070/picecrs.v2i1.2383 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Ahmadi NH ◽

Elly Noerhidajati ◽

Siti Maesaroh

Keyword(s):

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The One ◽

State Examination

Cognitive function varies in each human being, from simple to complex, requiring attention, concentration, and coordination. Cognitive is related to a person's ability to think, solve problems, organize and also to communicate and interact with others and the environment. Methods: cross-sectional research, samples involve the students of medical faculty of Unissula-Semarang with GPA less than 3 and more than 3 graduated in 2018, instrument Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test. Results and Discussion: samples are 56 students, the highest gender is men (51%), the range of age 18-21 years old (53.6%), the number of GPA is the same as the one below and above 3 there are 28 (50%). Test Chi Square gender difference with P value of 0.422 GPA gender does not have significant difference to the GPA, based on the age of the results of T-test p-value 0.000, showed age had significant difference to the GPA, where the age is getting younger GPA is getting better, based on the scores of MMSE test, it was obtained p 1.000, MMSE score has no significant difference with the GPA. Conclusion: Gender and MMSE value have no difference with GPA, there is difference between age and GPA, the younger the students the better GPA the students achieve.

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HUBUNGAN FAKTOR RESIKO DENGAN KEJADIAN PADA PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKSI KRONIK DI PUSKESMAS MANDALA

Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan Medik ◽

10.36656/jpkm.v1i2.144 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Alamsyah Lukito

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Smoke Inhalation ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

The main cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke from active smokers or smoke inhalation in passive smokers. Other causes are air pollution, workplace exposure, and genetic factors. This type of research is analytical research with a cross sectional approach which aims to study the existence of a variable relationship dynamics. In this study, the sample was 30 patients from the Mandala Health Center. Generally, COPD sufferers are those aged 45 years to 65 years where 21 of the 30 people suffer from risk. The chi-square test results show that there is a relationship between risk factors and the incidence of COPD in the Tembung Mandala 2018 Health Center Working Area.

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Pengaruh Program Adiwiyata Terhadap Pengetahuan Perilaku dan Keterampilan Siswa dan Guru dalam Mengelola Lingkungan pada SMK di Kabupaten Pelalawan

Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia ◽

10.31258/dli.3.1.p.16-23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Syoffnelli Syoffnelli ◽

Zulfan Saam ◽

Thamrin Thamrin

Keyword(s):

Student Behavior ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Program Effects ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Square Tables

Abstrak: The study aimed to determine adiwiyata program effects on knowledge, behaviour and skills of students and teachers also compared schools that have implemented the adiwiyata program with schools that have not implemented adiwiyata program. This study is a quantitative descriptive research. The subjects were students and teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Pangkalan Kerinci and SMK Negeri 1 Bunut with total 194 people. The data collection methode used were questionnaires, interviews and observations, data analysis technique using Chi-square test with SPSS version 20 for windows. Results of the study Chi Square test showed between SMK 1 Pangkalan Kerinci with SMKN 1 Bunut about students' knowledge Chi Square count 140.437 and Chi Square table 101.879, student behavior Chi Square count 102.920 and Chi Square tables 101.879 and attitudes Chi Square count 101 994 and Chi Square tables 101.879. Knowledge, attitudes and skills of teachers Chi Square test results Chi Square count of 10,000 and Chi Square Table 18.307. It can be concluded that the existence of a significant difference of knowledge, attitudes and skills of students between SMK 1 Pangkalan Kerinci with SMKN 1 Bunut, because the value of Chi Square count is greater than the value of Chi Square table and there was no significant difference about knowledge, attitudes and skills teacher between SMKN 1 Pangkalan Kerinci with SMKN 1 Bunut, because there is a calculated value of Chi Square is smaller than the value of Chi Square table.

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HUBUNGAN FAKTOR RESIKO DENGAN KEJADIAN PADA PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKSI KRONIK DI PUSKESMAS MANDALA

Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan Medik ◽

10.36656/jpkm.v1i2.123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Alamsyah Lukito

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Smoke Inhalation ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

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Surveillance of Rifampicin Resistance With GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis at the Institut Pasteur in Bangui, 2015–2017

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Alain Farra ◽

Alexandre Manirakiza ◽

Brice Martial Yambiyo ◽

Germain Zandanga ◽

Boris Lokoti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central African Republic ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Population Surveillance ◽

Rifampicin Resistance ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

The Mean ◽

Surveillance Database

Abstract Background The Central African Republic (CAR) has one of the heaviest burdens of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, with an incidence of 423 cases per 100 000 population. Surveillance of resistance to rifampicin with GeneXpert MTB/RIF was instituted in the National TB Reference Laboratory in 2015. The aim of this study was to evaluate, after 3 years, resistance to rifampicin, the most effective firstline drug against TB. Methods The surveillance database on cases of rifampicin resistance was retrospectively analyzed. The populations targeted by the National TB Programme were failure, relapse, default, and contacts of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software, version 14, using chi-square tests and odds ratios. Results Six hundred seventeen cases were registered; 63.7% were male, 36.3% were female, and the mean age was 35.5 years (range from 2 to 81). GeneXpert MTB/RIF tests were positive in 79.1% (488/617), and resistance to rifampicin was positive in 42.2% (206/488), with 49.1% (56/114) in 2015, 34.7% (57/164) in 2016, and 44.3% (93/210) in 2017. Failure cases had the highest rate of resistance (70.4%), with a significant difference (P < .0001; odds ratio, 9.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.4–20.5). Resistance was observed in 40% of contacts of MDR-TB, 28.2% of the relapses and 20% of the defaults without significant difference. Conclusions Resistance to rifampicin is still high in the CAR and is most strongly associated with treatment failure. The Ministry of Health must to deploy GeneXpert MTB/RIF tests in the provinces to evaluate resistance to TB drugs in the country.

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A Study on factors affecting job satisfaction of working women with Karl Pearson’s Chi-Square test

Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.52711/2321-5828.2021.00010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

Manjula Malik ◽

A. K. Nehra ◽

B K Saini

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Private School ◽

School Teacher ◽

Working Women ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Scale

The Present research article is an endeavour to study the factors affecting job satisfaction of working women with Karl Pearson’s Chi-Square test. The chi square test for independence of two variables allows the researcher to determine whether variables are dependent or independent of each other. Two types of questionnaires, self made and on five pre-defined level scale were sent to 200 higher secondary government and private school teachers of Barmer district in Rajasthan out of which 180 were returned by the respondents. The Chi-Square test results indicate that there is a significant difference in job satisfaction of higher secondary school teacher. Research shows that female teachers are less satisfied than male teachers.

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Orthoptic parameters and asthenopic symptoms analysis after 3D viewing at varying distances

International Eye Research ◽

10.18240/ier.2020.02.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

Oleeviya Joseph ◽

◽

Sajeev Cherian Jacob ◽

Venkataramana Kalikivayi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Video ◽

Viewing Distance ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Royal Air Force ◽

Video Viewing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

A Prospective Study

AIM: To analyse visual modifications such as amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence (NPC) reopsis and near phoria associated with asthenopic symptoms after 3D viewing at varying distances. METHODS: A prospective study. Thirty young adults were randomly selected. Each individual was exposed to 3D viewing thrice in a day for a fixed distance and the distance was varied on three consecutive days. Same video of equal duration and different screen sizes were used for every distance. Cyclic 3D mode of K-multimedia player was used for projecting the 3D video. Different variables like stereopsis, amplitude of accommodation, near point of accommodation, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms were recorded immediately after 3D video viewing. Stereopsis was measured with “Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek” or “Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research” (TNO test), amplitude of accommodation and NPC were measured using Royal Air Force (RAF) ruler, near phoria was measured using prism bar and a closed ended sample questionnaire was used to know the occurrence of asthenopic symptoms. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test etc. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: For every distance of 40 cm, 3 m and 6 m, amplitude of accommodation was significantly reduced by 0.66 D, 1.12 D and 1.44 D. NPC got significantly receded by 0.63 cm, 0.93 cm and 1.23 cm, and the near phoria was significantly increased by 0.87, and 2.2 prism dioptres (PD) base-in respectively. It was found that most of the subjects got pain around the eyes; headache and irritation for each viewing distance. This study also revealed that 3D video viewing in theaters may increase the symptoms of headache, watering and irritation. Symptoms like headache, watering, fatigue, irritation and nausea may increase considerably at home environment and symptoms such as headache and watering may cause significant discomfort by 3D viewing using a laptop. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in amplitude of accommodation, NPC, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms before and after viewing a 3D video and also at three viewing distances. There was a predominant occurrence of asthenopic symptoms after 3D video viewing at different distances.

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Schematic Structure and Stance in Students’ Writing in Business Communication: A Comparative Study of Native English Speaking and Iranian Students

Journal of Language and Literature ◽

10.24071/joll.v21i2.3039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 252-266

Author(s):

Arezou Bakhtiari

Keyword(s):

Business Communication ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Negotiation Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

English Speaking ◽

Native English Speaking ◽

Iranian Students ◽

Novice Students

This study reports on two knowledge elements of stance and schematic structure in order to help novice students increase the efficacy of their writing in business communication. With this regard, Santos’ (2002) Business Letters of Negotiation Model and Hyland’s (2005b) Stance Model of Interaction were drawn upon. Sixty business emails written by native English speaking (NS) and Iranian students of Business Management Departments in universities were analyzed. Two raters explored the corpus for their moves/steps frequencies and a concordance software was used in order to explore stance markers frequencies. To investigate whether Iranian and NS writers are statistically different from each other, the findings of frequencies were submitted to one-variable Chi-square test. The results showed that NS and Iranian writers are not different from each other in their content staging while they are providing information/answers or negotiating. Running counter to moves 2 and 23, move 3 turned out to have different results; there was a significant difference between NS and Iranian writers in their request of information/action/favors. Results presented no significant difference between NS and Iranian writers in their employment of hedges and attitude markers of stance with regard to one-variable Chi-square test results. For boosters, Chi-square test detected a significant difference between the groups only in move 2. There was a significant difference, however, between NS and Iranian writers in their use of self-mention markers in moves 3 and 23. The results of this paper have both theoretical and pedagogical significance.

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