scholarly journals Study of Conjunctival Microbial Flora in Patients of Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Kadambari Ramani ◽  
Subashini Kaliaperumal ◽  
Sandip Sarkar ◽  
Sujatha Sistla
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate the type of conjunctival microbial flora in intensive care unit patients and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.Methods: A total of 272 samples (conjunctival swabs) were taken from patients in various intensive care units and sent for culture and sensitivity. An ocular examination was done to look for lagophthalmos, conjunctival discharge, exposure keratitis, and corneal perforation.Results: Majority (82.1%) of the samples showed at least one microbial isolate while 29 (10.7%) samples showed multiple microbial growth. The most common microbes were coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (41.5% of isolates), diphtheroids (11.0% of isolates), and Staphylococcus aureus (9.6% of isolates) which are the usual commensals of the ocular surface. Of the other microbes isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.0%) was the most common. Eighty-four percent isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp., 81.8% isolates of diphtheroids and 100% isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were penicillin resistant. All isolates of Enterococcus fecalis were sensitive only to vancomycin. Two hundred and twenty eyes (80.9%) had varying degrees of lagophthalmos. Nineteen (7.0%) had severe corneal exposure changes leading to infectious corneal ulcer and perforation in all of them.Conclusions: The isolates in patients of intensive care units were no different from the normal conjunctival flora though few pathogenic organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter sp. were also isolated. Most of the isolates were penicillin resistant. This knowledge will help take appropriate prophylactic measures to contain ocular infections in the intensive care units.

Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in Patients with Head Trauma in Intensive Care Unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
Sukran Kose ◽  
Bengu Tatar ◽  
Gulgun Akkoclu ◽  
Gursel Ersan ◽  
Mustafa Gonullu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

scholarly journals Plasmid curing pattern of nosocomial pathogens of intensive care units (ICU) in Zagazig University Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711
Author(s):  
Soheir El Salam ◽  
Mohammed Farouk Ghaly ◽  
Ahmed Anwar Shahen ◽  
Mahmoud Mostafa Amer ◽  
Sanaa Atef Abdelkader
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Plasmid Curing

Nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance are serious and growing phenomenon in contemporary medicine and has emerged as one of the public health concerns. A total of seventy isolates of bacteria were collected from patients. The selected isolates include 33 (56.9%) from males and 25 (43.1%) from females. All bacteria were susceptible to imipenem followed by amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, respectively. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates (33 isolates) divided into four groups named Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were selected to be identified according to the keys of different identification protocols. Escherichia coli found to be the most frequent pathogen within MDR isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The MICs and MBCs of (Imipenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin) against the most resistant isolates were determined. Generally, P. aeruginosa (Strain No. 55) was found to be the highest resistant bacteria. Plasmid profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out, after incubation at 37oc for 24hr recorded no changes in plasmid and compared with incubation at 43oc (plasmid curing) which showed complete removal of plasmid bands and the tested bacteria became more sensitive to antibiotics. This study therefore determined the prevalence, anti-biotic susceptibility and plasmid patterns of P. aeruginosa strains from clinical specimens obtained from the intensive care units of Zagazig University Hospital in Egypt.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 703-711

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance trends in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidisisolates obtained from patients admitted to intensive care units. 2010-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Raimundo Castro-Orozco ◽  
Claudia Consuegra-Mayor ◽  
Gloria Mejía-Chávez ◽  
Jacqueline Hernández-Escolar ◽  
Nelson Alvis-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Introducción. La aparición y la diseminación de cepas resistentes en hospitales, principalmente en unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI), se han convertido en un serio problema de salud pública.Objetivo. Analizar la tendencia de los fenotipos de resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermidis resistentes y susceptibles a meticilina aislados en pacientes atendidos en UCI de un hospital de alta complejidad de Cartagena, Colombia, del 2010 al 2015.Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico transversal realizado entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2015. Se utilizaron aislamientos de S. aureus y S. epidermidis meticilino-susceptibles y meticilino-resistentes (SARM, SASR, SERM y SESM). La técnica de susceptibilidad empleada fue el método microdilución en caldo para la detección de la concentración mínima inhibitoria.Resultados. Se identificaron 313 aislamientos de Staphylococcus spp., la mayoría resistentes a meticilina (63.6%). Las cepas SARM y SERM correspondieron al 13.7% y al 27.8% del total de aislamientos, respectivamente. Los mayores porcentajes de resistencia en SARM y SERM correspondieron a eritromicina (57.6% y 81.2%, respectivamente), clindamicina (54.6% y 71.0%), ciprofloxacina (48.4% y 36.4%) y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (36.4% y 51.4%).Conclusión. Los resultados encontrados sugieren el replanteamiento de las estrategias de control de la resistencia antimicrobiana en el hospital objeto de estudio.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Intensive Care Units of Two University Hospitals in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Hortense Gonsu Kamga ◽  
Yves Le Grand Napa Tchuedji ◽  
Emilia Lyonga Mbamyah ◽  
Jérémie Djiraibe ◽  
Anicette Chafa Betbeui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Center

Aim: The aim of this work was to carry out a screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in nasal cavity of patients in the intensive care units of the University Hospital Center (UHC) and the Central Hospital of Yaounde (CHY) in Cameroon. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. Pace and Duration of the Study: Collection of nasal swab was done in Intensive Care Unit of University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde, and Intensive Care Unit of Central Hospital of Yaounde. Identification and susceptibility test were done in bacteriology laboratory of University Hospital Center, Yaounde between August 2018 and March 2019. Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from patients by performing rotation in each nose. The identification of bacteria was carried out by observation of mannitol fermentation on Chapman agar, catalase, coagulase and DNAse tests. The susceptibility test was carried out by the method of diffusion of the discs in Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: A total of 29 S. aureus were identified from 127 patients of which 44.10% were women  and 55.90% were men. The antibiotic resistance profile showed cross-resistance of S. aureus between cefoxitin and others antibiotics with high resistance of amoxicillin, Amoxi / Clavulanic, fusidic acid, gentamycin and tetracycline with rates ranging from 62% to 82%. We detected 58.62% resistant species to cefoxitin and 51.72% were resistant to vancomycin. Statistical analysis found that there was not association between age groups, gender with nasal carriage of S. aureus. However there was an association (P=0,0060) between the hospital attended and the portage of S. aureus. Conclusion: The prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is quite high in intensive care patients. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from carriers also shows resistance to others antibiotics. This can increase the incidence of nosocomial infections. There is a need to implement effective control strategies to prevent infection cross transmission in intensive care Units.

scholarly journals INCIDÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO RELACIONADA À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DE UM HOSPITAL DE MÉDIO PORTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fabrício Rota FRANÇA ◽  
Thaíse Lucimara HAUCH ◽  
Carmem Costa MARTINS ◽  
Elena Carla Batista MENDES ◽  
Dora Inés KOZUSNY-ANDREANI
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

As Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva estão relacionadas ao estado clínico dos pacientes, procedimentos invasivos, tempo de internação prolongado e colonização por microrganismos resistentes. O estudo objetiva identificar a incidência de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, distribuição por microrganismo e respectivas sensibilidades antimicrobianas. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, documental de abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado levantamento dos índices de infecção hospitalar em pacientes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de médio porte, registrados em fichas de notificação do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH), no período de abril a dezembro de 2016. Foram analisadas 120 culturas de pacientes internados no período de março a dezembro de 2016, sendo 61 (50,83%) do sexo masculino e 59 (49,17%) do sexo feminino. Foram identificados vários microrganismos em diferentes culturas, a serem: E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus coag Neg, Acinetobacter baumannii e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A maioria dos microrganismos é sensível a amicacina, ampicillin/sulba, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, imipenem, piperacillin e sulfazotrim. A incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica foi de 22,11% e de infecção urinária associada a cateter vesical de demora correspondeu a 6,34%. Os microrganismos identificados são comuns na maioria das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e a incidência de infecção mostrou-se baixa em relação aos índices estipulados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados podem contribuir com a instituição hospitalar pesquisada para intensificar a educação continuada sobre higienização das mãos e a prevenção de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde.   INFECTION INCIDENCE RELATED TO HEALTH ASSISTANCE AT AN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN A MEDIUM-SIZE HOSPITAL ABSTRACT Infections Related to Health Assistance (IRHA) at Intensive Care Units are related to the clinical status of the patients, invasive procedures, long period of hospitalization and resistant microorganism colonization. This study aims to identify the incidence of infections related to health assistance at an Intensive Care Unit, distribution by microorganism and respective antimicrobial sensitiveness.  It is a retrospective document of quantitative approach. It was conducted a survey of hospital infection rates from patients at Intensive Care Unit in a medium-size hospital, they were recorded in notification forms of Hospital Infection Control Service (HICS), from April to December 2016. From March to December 2016, 120 cultures of hospitalized patients were analyzed, they were 61 (50,83%) male gender and 59 (49,17%) female gender. Several microorganisms were identified in different cultures, being them: E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus coag Neg, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most of the microorganisms is amikacin sensitive, ampicillin/sulba, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin and sulfazotrim. The pneumonia incidence associated to mechanical ventilation was 22,11% and urinary infection associated to permanent vesical catheter was 6,34%. The microorganisms identified are common in most of Intensive Care Units and the incidence of infections was low regarding to the rates specified by Health Ministry. The results may contribute with the present hospital institution in order to intensify continuing education about hands sanitizing and infection prevention related to health assistance.  keywords: Hospital infection. Intensive Care Unit. Microorganisms.

scholarly journals Prevalence rates of infection in intensive care units of a tertiary teaching hospital

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Toufen Junior ◽  
André Luiz Dresler Hovnanian ◽  
Suelene Aires Franca ◽  
Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence rates of infections among intensive care unit patients, the predominant infecting organisms, and their resistance patterns. To identify the related factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection and mortality rates. DESIGN: A 1-day point-prevalence study. SETTING:A total of 19 intensive care units at the Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (HC-FMUSP), a teaching and tertiary hospital, were eligible to participate in the study. PATIENTS: All patients over 16 years old occupying an intensive care unit bed over a 24-hour period. The 19 intensive care unit s provided 126 patient case reports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of infection, antimicrobial use, microbiological isolates resistance patterns, potential related factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection, and death rates. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients were studied. Eighty-seven patients (69%) received antimicrobials on the day of study, 72 (57%) for treatment, and 15 (12%) for prophylaxis. Community-acquired infection occurred in 15 patients (20.8%), non- intensive care unit nosocomial infection in 24 (33.3%), and intensive care unit-acquired infection in 22 patients (30.6%). Eleven patients (15.3%) had no defined type. The most frequently reported infections were respiratory (58.5%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae (33.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%; [100% resistant to methicillin]). Multivariate regression analysis revealed 3 risk factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection: age > 60 years (p = 0.007), use of a nasogastric tube (p = 0.017), and postoperative status (p = 0.017). At the end of 4 weeks, overall mortality was 28.8%. Patients with infection had a mortality rate of 34.7%. There was no difference between mortality rates for infected and noninfected patients (p=0.088). CONCLUSION: The rate of nosocomial infection is high in intensive care unit patients, especially for respiratory infections. The predominant bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (resistant organisms). Factors such as nasogastric intubation, postoperative status, and age ³60 years were significantly associated with infection. This study documents the clinical impression that prevalence rates of intensive care unit-acquired infections are high and suggests that preventive measures are important for reducing the occurrence of infection in critically ill patients.

scholarly journals POLA BAKTERI PADA URIN PASIEN YANG MENGGUNAKAN KATETER URETRA DI RUANG PERAWATAN INTENSIF RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa P. Chandra ◽  
Olivia Waworuntu ◽  
Velma Buntuan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris

Abstract: Urinary catheterization as a part of invasive procedure application poses the risk of nosocomial infection to intensive care unit patients. The probability of nosocomial infection increases in accordance to the period of catheterization; longer catheterization time yields higher chances for microbial contamination on urinary catheter as catheterization provides an opening for microbial invasion into the urinary track. There are various pathogens commonly associated with catheterization including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabili, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus fecalis, Serratia and Candida. The main objective of this research project is to observe bacterial pattern of urine from catheterized intensive care unit patients in the Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Public Hospital Manado. A total of 20 urine samples were obtained, one sample from each individual catheter over 2 months period. Each collected sample is subsequently passed on to microbiology laboratory to undergo bacteria identification process via culture media. The preliminary results show that the identified bacterial pattern is Staphylococcus aureus, Candida, Streptococcus, Diplococcus, Proteus vulgaris, Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aglomerans, Citrobacter freundii dan Shigella. Following an in-depth multi-dimensional analysis of preliminary research results, the conclusion can be drawn that the most commonly found bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus. This study is part of growing body of microbiology research in catheter-related bacterial pattern and nosocomial infection; this research project will contribute to future research on similar topics. Keywords: bacteria, bacterial pattern, urinary catheter, nosocomial infection, intensive care unit.     Abstrak: Kateterisasi urin adalah bagian dari penggunaan prosedur invasif  membawa resiko infeksi nosokomial bagi pasien yang dirawat di ruang perawatan intensif.  Semakin lama kateter terpasang maka peluang kateter terkontaminasi oleh mikroba semakin besar, karena penggunaan kateter memungkinakan  jalur masuk mikroba ke dalam saluran kemih.Terdapat berbagai macam  patogen yang menyebabkan ISK yang diasosiasikan dengan kateterisasi termasuk Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus fecalis, Serratia, Candida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola bakteri pada urin pasien yang menggunakan kateter uretra di ruang perawatan intensif RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado sebanyak 20 sampel. Sampel di ambil dari urin kateter pasien yang di rawat di ruang perawatan intensif. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan media kultur. Hasil dari kultur urin menunjukan pola bakteri yang berhasil diidentifikasi yakni Staphylococcus aureus, Candida, Streptococcus, Diplococcus, Proteus vulgaris, Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aglomerans, Citrobacter freundii dan Shigella. Dari hasil kesimpulan pada penelitian ini didapatkan  jenis bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Staphylococcus aereus. Mengikuti analisis data hasil penelitian beberapa saran tentang proses penelitian lebih lanjut akan diusulkan. Kata kunci: bakteri, pola kuman, kateter uretra, infeksi nosocomial, ruang perawatan intensif.

scholarly journals Colonização por ESKAPES e características clínicas de pacientes críticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-254
Author(s):  
Franciele Do Nascimento Santos Zonta ◽  
Marcia Da Silva Roque ◽  
Ruan Gabriel Soares da Silva ◽  
Amanda Gabrieli Ritter ◽  
Fernanda Tondello Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽  
The Social

Objetivo: Identificar la colonización por ESKAPES y las características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos para Adultos de un hospital mixto en Paraná.Método: Investigación de campo, descriptiva, documental y experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, desarollada en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos adultos de un hospital mixto en el suroeste de Paraná, Brasil. La población del estudio consistió en pacientes con ingreso de 48 horas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, de abril a agosto de 2018 y de abril a agosto de 2019. La muestra totalizó 102 individuos. Para la recopilación de datos clínicos, se utilizó un Checklist y para el análisis microbiológico se recogieron muestras de las cavidades nasales y orales y la secreción traqueal. El análisis de los datos clínicos se produjo a través del software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Se realizaron pruebas de frecuencia y chi-cuadrado, teniendo en cuenta la p<0,05 significativa.Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 102 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos durante el período estudiado. De ellos, 57 (55,8%) fueron colonizados por microorganismos patógenos. En cuanto a la colonización por microorganismos, predominan Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) y Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). Cabe destacar que Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus estuvieron presentes en las tres regiones evaluadas.Conclusión: El estudio identificó la presencia de colonización en pacientes en estado crítico estudiados, siendo esta colonización, en su mayoría, por bacterias resistentes pertenecientes al grupo ESKAPE. Objective: To identify colonization by ESKAPES and clinical characteristics of patients admitted in Adult Intensive Care Unit of a mixed hospital in Paraná.Method: Field research, descriptive, documentary and experimental quantitative approach, developed in adult Intensive Care Unit of a mixed hospital in Southwest Paraná, Brazil. The study population consisted of patients with admission from 48 hours in the Intensive Care Unit, from April to August 2018 and April to August 2019. The sample has 102 individuals. For the collection of clinical data, a checklist was used and for microbiological analysis the sample was collected from nasal and oral cavities and tracheal secretion. The analysis of clinical data occurred through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Descriptive frequency and chi-square test, considering significant p <0,05.Results: A total of 102 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during the period studied were evaluated. On these ones, 57 (55,8%) were colonized by pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the colonization of microorganisms, there was predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (61,4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (40,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (21,1%). It is noteworthy that Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were present in the three regions evaluated.Conclusion: The study identified the presence of colonization in critically ill patients studied, being this colonization, mostly, resistant bacteria belonging to the ESKAPE group

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