Alternative methods for angular stain control in mangoes (Mangifera indica L.)

The conventional methods used for angular stain control are generally chemical methods, however the use of these products can cause high environmental impact and damage to consumer health if it is used in large quantities and undiluted and applied correctly. Based on this problem, this work aimed to evaluate in vitro alternative forms of control using Saccharomyces yeast (with probiotic potential), ethanolic extracts of Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) and Miconia albicans (Cinnamon-old) plants. To evaluate four GRAS substances in angular leaf spot control caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Mangifera indica, during the postharvest period in mangoes. In vitro results using antagonist yeasts showed no inhibitory effect against X. campestris. However, the extracts of the plants Miconia albicans and Mauritia flexuosa showed a significant inhibition. Thus, as two GRAS substances, 1%, 1.5% and 3% sodium carbonate and 3% sodium bicarbonate inhibited X. campestris growth 100%. Given the results obtained, the plant extracts and the GRAS substances tested were effective in controlling phytobacteria and proved to be an alternative in controlling angular leaf spot, thus avoiding economic losses during the mango postharvest phase.

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A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of Quercus robur (Ethanolic extract) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Salmonella (In vitro)

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9ispl1.1397 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽

Author(s):

Hams H. H. Alfattli ◽

Ghufran Zuhair Jiber ◽

Ghaidaa Gatea Abbass

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Inhibition Zones

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.

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CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of a recombinant double-reporter pseudorabies virus and its characterization in vitro and in vivo

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00964-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peng-Fei Fu ◽

Xuan Cheng ◽

Bing-Qian Su ◽

Li-Fang Duan ◽

Cong-Rong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Firefly Luciferase ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Green Fluorescent ◽

Swine Herds

AbstractPseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants, has broken out among commercial PRV vaccine-immunized swine herds and resulted in major economic losses to the pig industry in China since late 2011. However, the mechanism of virulence enhancement of variant PRV is currently unclear. Here, a recombinant PRV (rPRV HN1201-EGFP-Luc) with stable expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and firefly luciferase as a double reporter virus was constructed on the basis of the PRV variant HN1201 through CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology coupled with two sgRNAs. The biological characteristics of the recombinant virus and its lethality to mice were similar to those of the parental strain and displayed a stable viral titre and luciferase activity through 20 passages. Moreover, bioluminescence signals were detected in mice at 12 h after rPRV HN1201-EGFP-Luc infection. Using the double reporter PRV, we also found that 25-hydroxycholesterol had a significant inhibitory effect on PRV both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that the double reporter PRV based on PRV variant HN1201 should be an excellent tool for basic virology studies and evaluating antiviral agents.

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Aptamer-targeting of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) can be an effective strategy to inhibit virus replication

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84223-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taofeng Lu ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

Qin Ma ◽

Wenzhuo Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Magnetic Beads ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Stem Loop ◽

Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ◽

Random Library

AbstractAleutian mink disease (AMD), which is caused by Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), is an important contagious disease for which no effective vaccine is yet available. AMD causes major economic losses for mink farmers globally and threatens some carnivores such as skunks, genets, foxes and raccoons. Aptamers have exciting potential for the diagnosis and/or treatment of infectious viral diseases, including AMD. Using a magnetic beads-based systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) approach, we have developed aptamers with activity against AMDV after 10 rounds of selection. After incubation with the ADVa012 aptamer (4 μM) for 48 h, the concentration of AMDV in the supernatant of infected cells was 47% lower than in the supernatant of untreated cells, whereas a random library of aptamers has no effect. The half-life of ADVa012 was ~ 32 h, which is significantly longer than that of other aptamers. Sequences and three dimensions structural modeling of selected aptamers indicated that they fold into similar stem-loop structures, which may be a preferred structure for binding to the target protein. The ADVa012 aptamer was shown to have an effective and long-lasting inhibitory effect on viral production in vitro.

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Type beta transforming growth factor is a potent inhibitor of murine megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v69.6.1737.1737 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1737-1741 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

T Ishibashi ◽

SL Miller ◽

SA Burstein

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Platelets ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Tgf Beta ◽

Megakaryocytic Differentiation

Abstract To investigate the potential role of platelets in the inhibition of megakaryocytopoiesis, freeze-thawed extracts of human platelets were added to serumless liquid cultures of murine marrow. When acetylcholinesterase (AchE), a marker of megakaryocytic differentiation in mice, was assayed, a significant inhibition of enzymatic activity was noted in cultures containing the equivalent of greater than 5 X 10(6) solubilized platelets per milliliter. Freeze-thawed extracts of granulocytes had significantly less inhibitory effect than did platelets. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a growth factor known to be inhibitory to some cell lineages and to be found at relatively high concentrations in platelets, was then added to liquid marrow cultures. A similar inhibition of AchE activity was detected when cultures were stimulated with mitogen-stimulated conditioned medium. The effect was potent with 50% inhibition of AchE activity observed at 4 pmol TGF-beta/L. To determine if TGF-beta inhibited specifically one aspect of megakaryocytic differentiation, the factor was added to isolated single megakaryocytes in serumless culture induced by interleukin 3 (IL3) to increase in size. The number of megakaryocytes increasing in size in response to IL 3 exposure was reduced from 68% to 20% when both factors were simultaneously added to cultures. Colony assays showed that megakaryocytic and granulocyte- macrophage colony detection was inhibited at picomolar concentrations of the factor. These data suggest that TGF-beta is a potent in vitro inhibitor of the murine megakaryocytic lineage, although its effects are not limited to this lineage.

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Garlic Extract: Inhibition of Biochemical and Biophysical Changes in Glycated HSA

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112211028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 11028

Author(s):

Mohd W. A. Khan ◽

Ahmed A. Otaibi ◽

Arwa F. M. Alhumaid ◽

Abdulmohsen K. D. Alsukaibi ◽

Asma K. Alshamari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Age Related ◽

Health Complications ◽

Biophysical Changes

Glycation of various biomolecules contributes to structural changes and formation of several high molecular weight fluorescent and non-fluorescent, advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs and glycation are involved in various health complications. Synthetic medicines, including metformin, have several adverse effects. Natural products and their derivatives are used in the treatment of various diseases due to their significant therapeutic qualities. Allium sativum (garlic) is used in traditional medicines because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to determine the anti-glycating and AGEs inhibitory activities of garlic. Biochemical and biophysical analyses were performed for in vitro incubated human serum albumin (HSA) with 0.05 M of glucose for 1, 5, and 10 weeks. Anti-glycating and AGEs inhibitory effect of garlic was investigated in glycated samples. Increased biochemical and biophysical changes were observed in glycated HSA incubated for 10 weeks (G-HSA-10W) as compared to native HSA (N-HSA) as well as glycated HSA incubated for 1 (G-HSA-1W) and 5 weeks (G-HSA-5W). Garlic extract with a concentration of ≥6.25 µg/mL exhibited significant inhibition in biophysical and biochemical changes of G-HSA-10W. Our findings demonstrated that garlic extract has the ability to inhibit biochemical and biophysical changes in HSA that occurred due to glycation. Thus, garlic extract can be used against glycation and AGE-related health complications linked with chronic diseases in diabetic patients due to its broad therapeutic potential.

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Granulocyte Adherence is Inhibited by Radiographic Contrast Media in Vitro

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418519203300419 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 379-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. Rasmussen ◽

S. Antonsen ◽

J. Georgsen

Keyword(s):

Contrast Media ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Autologous Plasma ◽

Radiographic Contrast ◽

Radiographic Contrast Media ◽

Meglumine Diatrizoate ◽

High Concentrations

Different amounts of diatrizoate, ioxaglate, iohexol, iodixanol, NaCl 1000 mOsm/kg, mannitol 1098 mOsm/kg, and meglumine (meglumine concentrations corresponding to the content in the diatrizoate solutions) were added to either whole blood or a suspension of granulocytes in autologous plasma, and the adherence to nylon fibers was determined. At high concentrations all the investigated contrast media (CM) inhibited granulocyte adherence. The degree of inhibition was significantly greater when the ionic CM diatrizoate and ioxaglate were used, as compared with the nonionic media. Meglumine solutions at high concentrations also inhibited adherence but significantly less than diatrizoate solutions containing the same amount of meglumine. Diatrizoate showed the greatest inhibitory effect on granulocyte adherence, and significant inhibition could be detected even with a 1.25% solution.

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In Vitro Assessment of Biocontrol Effects on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation by DON-Degrading Bacteria

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12060399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 399

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Morimura ◽

Michihiro Ito ◽

Shigenobu Yoshida ◽

Motoo Koitabashi ◽

Seiya Tsushima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Head Blight ◽

Control Approach ◽

Degrading Bacteria

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals is a severe disease caused by the Fusarium graminearum species complex. It leads to the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains and other plant tissues and causes substantial economic losses throughout the world. DON is one of the most troublesome mycotoxins because it is a virulence factor to host plants, including wheat, and exhibits toxicity to plants and animals. To control both FHB and DON accumulation, a biological control approach using DON-degrading bacteria (DDBs) is promising. Here, we performed a disease control assay using an in vitro petri dish test composed of germinated wheat seeds inoculated with F. graminearum (Fg) and DDBs. Determination of both grown leaf lengths and hyphal lesion lengths as a measure of disease severity showed that the inoculation of seeds with the DDBs Devosia sp. strain NKJ1 and Nocardioides spp. strains SS3 or SS4 were protective against the leaf growth inhibition caused by Fg. Furthermore, it was as effective against DON accumulation. The inoculation with strains SS3 or SS4 also reduced the inhibitory effect on leaves treated with 10 µg mL−1 DON solution (without Fg). These results indicate that the DDBs partially suppress the disease by degrading DON.

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Beta-1 adrenergic inhibition of kallikrein release from rat kidney cortical slices

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1990.258.5.f1425 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (5) ◽

pp. F1425-F1431

Author(s):

J. P. Girolami ◽

J. L. Bascands ◽

P. Valet ◽

C. Pecher ◽

G. Cabos

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Sodium Diet ◽

Kidney Slices ◽

Low Sodium Diet ◽

Rat Cortical Slices ◽

Cortical Slices

Renal storage; release, and biosynthesis of kallikrein were studied using rat cortical slices. This model permitted the study of the direct effect of norepinephrine on the renal kallikrein system in the absence of changes in perfusion pressure. Kallikrein was measured by its kininogenase activity and its direct immunoreactive concentration. Under basal conditions, rat kidney cortical slices synthesize and release glandular kallikrein in vitro at a linear rate for up to 40 min. Kidney slices obtained from rats fed with a low-sodium diet (LS) released more kallikrein into the incubation medium than slices from rats under a normal-sodium diet (NS). Cycloheximide and incubation at 4 degrees C inhibited the release and the biosynthesis of kallikrein independently of the sodium diet. Addition of norepinephrine (NE, 10(-8)-10(-5) M) induced a similar dose-dependent inhibition of kallikrein secretion, which reached -27 +/- 8% in NS rats and -29 +/- 9% in LS rats with 10(-7) M NE. This inhibition of the secretion was associated with an increase in tissue kallikrein concentration in kidney slices from rats on both sodium diets. However, a significant inhibition of the calculated net de novo synthesis was only observed in LS rats. In both groups of animals the ratio of active to total kallikrein was unchanged. The inhibitory effect of kallikrein secretion by NE was never modified in the presence of the alpha-antagonist phentolamine (10(-6) M). In contrast the beta-antagonist propranolol (10(-6) M) prevented the inhibitory effect of 10(-7) M NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Inhibition of α-Glucosidase, Intestinal Glucose Absorption, and Antidiabetic Properties by Caralluma europaea

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9589472 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hayat Ouassou ◽

Touda Zahidi ◽

Saliha Bouknana ◽

Mohamed Bouhrim ◽

Hassane Mekhfi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glucosidase Activity ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Many medicinal plants around the world are used for therapeutic purposes against several diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Due to their composition of natural substances that are effective and do not represent side effects for users, unlike synthetic drugs, in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Caralluma europaea (CE) on α-glucosidase activity in vitro; then the kinetics of the enzyme were studied with increasing concentrations of sucrose in order to determine the inhibition type of the enzyme. In addition, this effect of Caralluma europaea (CE) was confirmed in vivo using rats as an experimental animal model. Among the five fractions of CE, only the ethyl acetate fraction of C. europaea (EACe) induced a significant inhibition of α-glucosidase and its inhibition mode was competitive. The in vivo studies were conducted on mice and rats using glucose and sucrose as a substrate, respectively, to determine the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The results obtained showed that the EACe and the aqueous extract of C. europaea (AECe) have significantly reduced the postprandial hyperglycemia after sucrose and glucose loading in normal and diabetic rats. AECe, also, significantly decreased intestinal glucose absorption, in situ. The results obtained showed that Caralluma europaea has a significant antihyperglycemic activity, which could be due to the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity and enteric absorption of glucose.

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X-RADIATION ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.105.5.417 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 417-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Frank J. Dixon ◽

James C. Roberts ◽

William O. Weigle

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Radiation Injury ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Whole Body ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects

X-radiation appears to exert its inhibitory effect on the antibody response by two mutually dependent routes: (a) direct radiation injury to the antibody-producing lymphoid tissue, and (b) indirect effects of altered homeostasis in the radiated host on antibody-producing tissues. Neither of these two effects alone produces significant inhibition of the secondary antibody response made by transferred lymphoid cells. However, 400 to 500 r administered in vitro to the transferred cells, plus 400 r whole body x-radiation of the recipient prior to transfer, completely inhibited the antibody response.

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