scholarly journals TITIK BERANGKAT STRATEGI KEAMANAN NASIONAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Semy Arayunedya
Keyword(s):  
Referent Object

Keamanan (security) dalam konteks politik negara dan hubungan internasional adalah sebuah konsep yang menawarkan jaminan di mana tiap warga negara, masyarakat, dan negara dapat hidup dalam keadaan aman. Konsep ini cukup kontroversial karena setidaknya memuat dua hal: fleksibilitas definisi ancaman (notion of threat) dan subjektivitas dari referent object (komunitas masyarakat atau negara) . Keduanya saling berkait. Ancaman dapat didefinisikan oleh referent object yang biasanya diperankan negara atau rezim pemerintah. Begitu ditentukan definisinya, negara mulai menggambarkan jenis dan skala ancaman terhadap teritori, kedaulatan, ideologi.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Clare Wenham
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Wave Feminism ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Referent Object

This chapter reconceptualises the findings from Zika to the global level to understand what global heath security can learn from unpacking this health emergency and how global health security policy can be made more gender inclusive. It also readdress the state-centric focus of the global health security narrative, which has systematically excluded women, through repositioning women as the referent object of securitisation. The chapter suggests that women’s needs and lived reality should be taken into consideration and that policy might be developed which makes tangible approaches to counteracting the risks posed to women, rather than focusing on broader systems, economies or societies. Finally, it considers that the book has not done justice to women’s agency within outbreaks, and painting them as victims of a broader structural failure within third wave feminism overlooks the activities that women have undertaken to protect themselves from disease or its effects.

scholarly journals ‘We are, by nature, a tolerant people’: Securitisation and counter-securitisation in UK migration politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 004711782096704
Author(s):  
Ian Paterson ◽  
Georgios Karyotis
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
British Identity ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Attitudinal Survey ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migration Politics ◽  
Referent Object ◽  
Innovative Concept

The ‘securitisation’ of migration is argued to rest on a process of framing migrants as a threat to key values, principally identity. Yet, the socially constructed nature of ‘identity’ implies the potential for dual usage: support and contestation of the security frame. Using the UK as an illustrative case, this overlooked dynamic is explored through mixed-methods, incorporating elite political and religious discourse (2005–2015) and original public attitudinal survey evidence. The discourse analysis reveals that the preservation of an imperilled British identity (‘tolerance’) is a frame invoked, in different ways and by different actors, to either support or contest the securitisation of migration. Similarly, British citizens who deeply value the preservation of ‘Britishness’ have diverse, positive and negative views on migration, challenging the notion that identity as a referent object is deterministically linked to anti-immigration attitudes. The innovative concept of ‘counter-securitisation’ is utilised and developed, unpicking these nuances and their implications.

scholarly journals The discourse and aesthetics of populism as securitisation style

2020 ◽  
pp. 004711782097307
Author(s):  
Bohdana Kurylo
Keyword(s):  
The Relationship ◽  
Referent Object ◽  
Specific Construction

Populists have lately been at the forefront of securitisation processes, yet little attention has been paid to the relationship between populism and securitisation. This paper investigates the role of securitisation in populism, exploring how the populist mode of securitising differs from traditional securitisation processes. It argues that securitisation is inherently embedded in populism which embodies a particular style of securitisation with a distinct set of discursive and aesthetic repertoires. The populist invocation of societal security and their claim to defend the fundamentally precarious identity of ‘the endangered people’ necessitate an unceasing construction of new threats. Aiming to discredit ‘elitist’ securitisation processes, populism invests in a specific construction of the referent object, the securitising actor and their relationship to the audience. The populist securitising style also carries a distinctive aesthetic centred on ‘poor taste’, sentimental ordinariness and unprofessionalism, examining which can widen our understanding of the aesthetics of security.

The ‘value’ of positive security

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL ROE
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Referent Object

AbstractThis article seeks to revise the concept of Positive Security. Although largely neglected by the existing Security Studies literature, Bill McSweeney’s work otherwise represents a significant contribution in this regard. The author argues, however, that although of great value, McSweeney’s positive security formulation is unduly restrictive in terms of the referent object and to the sectors of security it is applicable to, and cannot unproblematically be equated to ontological security, as McSweeney’s work tends to do. Employing Graham Smith’s notion of a ‘generic’ security conception, and placing positive security more firmly in the peace studies tradition, the author suggests rather that a revised concept be predicated on the defence of ‘just’ values.

Spatial and Temporal Locations in Child Jordanian Arabic

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajai Khanji ◽  
Richard M. Weist
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Comprehension Test ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Referent Object

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of cognitive development on the acquisition of the spatial and temporal systems in Jordanian Arabic. 60 Jordanian children 2 to 6 years old received a comprehension test based on a 1991 sentence-picture matching task of Weist, wherein each problem contained a minimal morphological contrast. These contrasts were either spatial, e.g., ‘in/on,’ or temporal, e.g., past/future tense. Further, the contrasts required either a single referent object or event, e.g., ‘in/on’ and past/future tense, or they required two or more referent objects or events, e.g., ‘between’ and ‘before/after.’ Firstly, significant change across age groups was noted. Secondly, problems which required two referent objects or events were more difficult than those requiring one referent object or event. Finally, spatial contrasts were easier than temporal ones. The findings were related to the general issue of the interaction of language and thought during the acquisition of language.

scholarly journals Securitización como supervivencia, securitización como actos del habla: crítica a la Escuela de Copenhague/ Securitization as Survival, Securitization as a Speech Act: A Critic to the Copenhagen School

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Michael Daniel Revelo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
Referent Object

El presente trabajo evalúa los postulados y la aplicación de la teoría de securitización (TS) de la Escuela de Copenhague —Ole Wæver, Barry Buzan y Jaap de Wilde — para indagar sobre aquellos cuestionamientos que posicionan a esta como una teoría conservadora dentro de los estudios de seguridad por adoptar y reforzar principios propios de los enfoques tradicionales. Con dicho fin, se examina cómo afecta a la TS adoptar las concepciones de la seguridad como supervivencia y la producción de la seguridad a través de procesos intersubjetivos de construcción de amenazas bajo la lógica de la teoría de los actos del habla y los roles y funciones determinados para agentes securitizadores y audiencias que privilegian las experiencias de un grupo en detrimento de otros. Con base en el análisis de estos postulados, este documento critica la metodología propuesta por esta escuela, misma que restringe el cambio del objeto de referencia y la ampliación de la agenda de seguridad. Abstract The present paper addresses how the theoretical framework of the securitisation theory, conceived by the Copenhagen School, embraces unique features of the traditional security studies. Its central focus is the assessment of the conceptions of security as survival embedded in the logic of the speech act theory, and the characterisation of the role endows to the securitising agents and the audience. By analysing those, this work criticises the methodology proposed by the Copenhagen School that restrains the deepening of the referent object and the broadening of the security agenda.

The securitization audience in theologico-political perspective: Giorgio Agamben, doxological acclamations, and paraconsistent logic

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Political Theology ◽  
Paraconsistent Logic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Audience ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
Securitization Theory ◽  
Referent Object

Over the past two decades, securitization theory has developed into a robust literature of cases and critiques. The vast majority of the attention paid to securitization has been to the securitizing actor and the referent object, leaving the audience – the body that determines the fate of a securitizing move by accepting or rejecting the securitizing actor’s request – undertheorized. The audience is presented as a problematic contradiction, because as a collectivity called by the securitizing actor it appears to be a passive body, critiqued thereby as potentially irrelevant. On the other hand, both the original Copenhagen school formulation of securitization theory and many of its current theorists reaffirm the agency of the audience to actively determine the success or failure of the securitizing move. This article turns to political theology for guidance, and explains the contradiction of the passive/active audience through homology to the ekklesia and the acclamation of ‘amen’ in liturgical doxology. The fact that the congregation is passive recipient of a call does not negate the essential and substantial role that it must actively play, just as the contradiction of the passive/active description of the securitization audience is not a problem of illogic, but a paraconsistent truth.

Inclusion of Borderlanders in Border Management in Africa: Toward an Emancipatory Framework for the Study and Management of African Borders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishmael Kwabla Hlovor
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
State Security ◽  
Power Limits ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Referent Object

AbstractAfrican borderlands are sites where the state, borderlanders, criminal groups, and other groups compete and cooperate to achieve diverse interests. They are also zones of competing perspectives on security. However, current border security policies and practices operate within a restrictive neorealist theoretical paradigm with the state as the referent object of security thereby ignoring other perspectives on security. The vulnerabilities of borderlanders and the role of the border as a source of livelihood demand new ways of thinking about African borders in order to incorporate these major stakeholders into the bordering process. Although the adoption of the African Union's integrated border management strategy holds the potential to reconcile the needs of borderlanders with the objectives of the state, it remains within the restrictive neorealist framework. This paper argues that an emancipatory security theory provides an appropriate framework to understand African borders and borderlands. This theory holds the key for enhancing the security of African borders by reconciling the needs of borderlanders with the objectives of state security, and thereby making people and communities the referent objects of security. However, the failure of the theory to engage with the concept of power limits its usefulness.

Studying Danger in Central Asia: Towards a Concept of Everyday Securityscapes

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Marc von Boemcken
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Referent Object ◽  
Individual Human

This conceptual chapter situates the theoretical and empirical approach adopted here within the wider body of literature on security and danger in Central Asia. It is, in this sense, in parts a literature review. Moreover, it explains the concept of securityscapes in terms of combining two established analytical perspectives in (Critical) Security Studies, namely a focus on the individual human being as principal referent-object ('deepening' of security) and an understanding of security as a social practice rather than an objectively measurable condition of existence (praxeology of security). All the subsequent empirical chapters proceed from the conceptual clarifications presented here.

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