scholarly journals Sore Throat Treatment Guidelines are Fanning the Flames of Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Walk Away ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
The World ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fit For Purpose

Sore throat represents a significant yet under-recognised battle in the war against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is one of the most common reasons people visit a doctor and approximately 60% walk away with a prescription for antibiotics.1 However, studies have indicated that 70–95% of all cases are viral2 and most patients would be better served with symptom relief. A systematic review of global sore throat management guidelines by members of the Global Respiratory Infection Partnership (GRIP) suggested the problem could be rooted in a focus on serious, yet increasingly rare, conditions, such as quinsy and acute rheumatic fever (ARF). While ARF can be a dangerous complication of Group A streptococci (GAS), which are identified in 15–30% of sore throat cases, the incidence of ARF is exceedingly rare in most parts of the world.3 All but one of the 36 identified guideline documents discussed antibiotic therapy and less than two-thirds advocated the use of laboratory tests to confirm GAS. Just 50% gave advice on symptom relief, which evidence suggests is the most appropriate approach in most cases.4 Dr Martin Duerden, lecturer in therapeutics and prescribing at Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK, member of the GRIP, recently retired general practitioner, and co-author of the review, believes countries should re-evaluate their guidelines. In this interview, Dr Duerden talks about the role of fit-for-purpose sore throat guidelines in antimicrobial stewardship, the importance of appropriate symptom relief, and how coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could represent an opportunity for change.

Rheumatic Fever Prevention in Industrializing Countries: Problems and Approaches

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-998
Author(s):  
Rachel Snitcowsky
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Group A ◽  
Health Organization

Editor's Note The problems resulting from Group A streptococcal infections remain largely unsolved in many of the industrialized countries of the world at the close of the 20th century. The fact that Group A streptococcal infections had assumed almost the role of a nuisance in the United States and Europe, before the beginning of the mid-1980s and 1990s resurgence, stands in marked contrast to the spectrum of streptococcal-related diseases in other parts of the world. Confirmatory epidemiologic data are often difficult to locate, but there is little doubt about the existence and the general magnitude of the problem. Because of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae for additional attention. During the last decade the WHO has invested considerable effort toward their control. The need for cost-effective primary and secondary rheumatic fever public health prevention programs is greater in those countries where the magnitude of the problem may be inversely proportional to available resources. Approaches considered routine in North America, in Europe, and in some countries of Latin America and Asia often are nonexistent in industrializing countries where as little as less than $5 per person per year may be reserved for total health care. With these issues in mind, the following perspective was invited to bring these unique problems related to Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae into focus and to offer suggestions for realistic approaches under less than ideal conditions. We are grateful to Dr Snitcowsky for her comments.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: a rapid evidence assessment of stakeholder practices and beliefs

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (19) ◽  
pp. 510-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Hockenhull ◽  
Andrea E Turner ◽  
Kristen K Reyher ◽  
David C Barrett ◽  
Laura Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Pressure

Food-producing animals throughout the world are likely to be exposed to antimicrobial (AM) treatment. The crossover in AM use between human and veterinary medicine raises concerns that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may spread from food-producing animals to humans, driving the need for further understanding of how AMs are used in livestock practice as well as stakeholder beliefs relating to their use. A rapid evidence assessment (REA) was used to collate research on AM use published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2016. Forty-eight papers were identified and reviewed. The summary of findings highlights a number of issues regarding current knowledge of the use of AMs in food-producing animals and explores the attitudes of interested parties regarding the reduction of AM use in livestock. Variation between and within countries, production types and individual farms demonstrates the complexity of the challenge involved in monitoring and regulating AM use in animal agriculture. Many factors that could influence the prevalence of AMR in livestock are of concern across all sections of the livestock industry. This REA highlights the potential role of farmers and veterinarians and of other advisors, public pressure and legislation to influence change in the use of AMs in livestock.

scholarly journals The role of topical anti-inflammatory therapy in the management of acute tonsillopharyngitis in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
I. M. Kirichenko
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Safe Approach

Acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATP) is the most common community-acquired infection, especially in children. Sore throat is the main manifestation of ATP. This is the most common reason for seeking outpatient medical care or self-medication. The widespread, unreasonable use of antibiotics for the therapy of sore throat, as the main component in the treatment of ATP without taking into account the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, leads to an increase in the number of frequently ill children and dysbiosis of the mucous membranes. Topical therapy of sore throat is the most effective and safe approach to the management of ATP.

The politics of the genre of academic writing; or, Professor Curtin, Professor Clegg, and the African Studies network war

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Fit For Purpose

What are the politics of the genre of academic writing, and its enabling networks? This genre of writing and those networks shape the form and substance of our writing within an African research context. I examine the dominant template of academic writing style, which operates across many fields of scholarly endeavour. It enables different sorts of knowledge to be accepted as true, or to be excluded. What and how to write academically have been filtered through the colonial library, making it urgent to surface this template and its operationalizing networks of academic writers. The links between the language of academic writing, the colonial past, the field of African Studies, and networks of academics who appoint each other to posts and review each other’s submissions to journals, is usually silent. They became deafening in the aftermath of what became known as the Philip Curtin debacle. This article is situated at the 20-year anniversary of the notorious Philip Curtin intervention in The Chronicle of Higher Education. Curtin suggested that academic jobs were being reserved for African American or African candidates and that the teaching of African Studies disciplines was being “ghettoize”. It is an important moment to wonder whether, 20 years down the line, the issues his intervention brought to bear — of power, politics, networks, and colliding knowledge highways within African Studies broadly defined — are still relevant. Finally, alternative forms and styles of academic writing, which may be more fit for purpose, are proposed and I touch on some of these possibilities towards the end of this paper. They include the role of fiction in academic writing; the possibility of the inclusion of the world of the gods and spirits; an interrogation of linear time and the nature of experiential knowledge in relation to academic knowledge.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF KOISHORE GUGGULU WITH OR WITHOUT NITYA VIRECHANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VATARAK-TA W.S.R TO GOUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 4955-4959
Author(s):  
Alpana Majumder ◽  
P. B. Kar Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Medical System ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: Nowadays, so many diseases are found all over the world related to lifestyle disorder; Gout is one of them. According to different Ayurvedic books, Gout has been compared with ‘Vatarakta’, which is characterized by severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the joints. In other medical system, the medicine for this very disease is to be continued for a long time with so many side effects. Method: Total 40 patients of Gout with the evidence of Hyper Uricemia were selected for this trial and randomly categorized into two groups, Group A and Group B. Group A patients were treated with Koishore Guggul-500mg twice daily and Group B patients were treated with Koishore Guggul- 500mg twice daily along with Nitya Vrechan by Trivritavaleha 10gm daily at night. Trial was continued for 3 weeks. Result: Both groups showed highly significant result but the relief in signs and symptoms in group B was more significant than group A.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ROLE OF DOCTORS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN THE SPREAD AND PREVENTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana VIDOVIĆ́
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
National Programs

Antimicrobial drugs are very important in the treatment of many infectious diseases in humans and animals. This article deals with the importance of antimicrobial resistance, as it is one of the most significant problems of modern medicine, but also with the role of doctors of veterinary medicine in this issue. Due to the frequent and irrational use of antimicrobial drugs, doctors of veterinary medicine have an undoubted contribution to the current (it can be said) high prevalence of bacterial resistance around the world. Therefore, numerous organizations, both in human and veterinary medicine in the world today, are trying to create national programs and strategies to fight against the development of antimicrobial resistance. The fight against resistance is long-lasting and requires the coordination and global participation of all parties - from doctors and veterinarians to legislators and politicians - under the umbrella of the "One Health" principle.

Antimicrobial resistance: the 70-year arms race between humans and bacteria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Bañuls ◽  
Thi Van Ahn Nguyen ◽  
Quang Huy Nguyen ◽  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Huy Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
The World

Antimicrobial resistance started to become a human health issue in the 1940s, following the discovery of the first antibiotics. The golden age of antibiotics (the 1950s through 1970s) marked the beginning of the arms race between humans and bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance is now among the greatest threats to human health; occurring in every region of the world and with the potential to affect anyone, anywhere. We describe the main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, as well as how the bacteria evolve into “superbugs.” We detail the role of human activities on the emergence and spread of highly drug-resistant bacteria. Currently, data to identify the specific causes, and to establish the baseline in low-income countries, are lacking. Because of the continual increase of multidrug resistance, the situation is urgent. The chapter ends with a view to the future, with a discussion of the specific problems of low-income countries and initiatives taken.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PERMAINAN EDUKATIF MEDIA BERGAMBAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nunuk Setiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Group A ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
The Times

Play is the world of children. In play there is pleasure and satisfaction without coercion oriented to the process rather than the end result. Piaget (1962), suggested that learning while playing and playing while learning is an activity that must be presented so that children have readiness to enter further education. Educative games of pictorial media have an important role in developing all aspects of children’s intelligence, because in educational play activities, pictorial games of children become active in moving and thinking so that new ideas and experiences that will be important for their growth and development will emerge. Group A children are one of the times when children have to get a lot of positive stimulation in learning to develop their full potential, imagination and intelligence aspects so that they develop optimally. At this time it is often called a critical period or a golden age that whill not be repeated again. So that the role of parent, teacher and the environment becomes the main pillar for children’s growht and development, so that children grow intro tough generations who excel and are ready to face every challenge and all the changing times.

Antimicrobial resistance: The fundamental role of primary care

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110392
Author(s):  
Emily Brown
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Care Clinicians

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) develops when microbes, such as bacteria, evolve to no longer be susceptible to an antimicrobial agent. AMR is a huge concern, being regarded internationally as one of the current top 10 threats to global health. By 2050, it is predicted that AMR will be responsible for more deaths globally than cancer. Countries around the world are rising to the challenge of reducing antimicrobial resistance, and primary care has a key role in this objective, as the vast majority of antibiotic prescribing takes place in the community. This article will explore the challenges facing primary care clinicians regarding antimicrobial stewardship and will consider approaches in day-to-day general practice that can help tackle AMR, including a number of helpful and easy to use resources. Future considerations and innovative technologies will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Diagnostic testing holds the key to NTD elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009626
Author(s):  
Catharina Boehme ◽  
Sergio Carmona ◽  
Sarah Nogaro ◽  
Mwelecele Malecela
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
The World ◽  
Fit For Purpose

“Fit-for-purpose” diagnostic tests have emerged as a prerequisite to achieving global targets for the prevention, control, elimination, and eradication of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as highlighted by the World Health Organization’s (WHO) new roadmap. There is an urgent need for the development of new tools for those diseases for which no diagnostics currently exist and for improvement of existing diagnostics for the remaining diseases. Yet, efforts to achieve this, and other crosscutting ambitions, are fragmented, and the burden of these 20 debilitating diseases immense. Compounded by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, programmatic interruptions, systemic weaknesses, limited investment, and poor commercial viability undermine global efforts—with a lack of coordination between partners, leading to the duplication and potential waste of scant resources. Recognizing the pivotal role of diagnostic testing and the ambition of WHO, to move forward, we must create an ecosystem that prioritizes country-level action, collaboration, creativity, and commitment to new levels of visibility. Only then can we start to accelerate progress and make new gains that move the world closer to the end of NTDs.

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