Patterns of diversification and geographic distribution of Canidae over time

Background Pertussis is a toxin-mediated respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis that can result in severe complications and death, particularly in infants. Between 2008 and 2011, children less than 3 months old accounted for 83% of the pertussis deaths in the United States. Understanding the geographic disparities in the distribution of pertussis risk and identifying high risk geographic areas is necessary for guiding resource allocation and public health control strategies. Therefore, this study investigated geographic disparities and temporal changes in pertussis risk in Florida from 2010 to 2018. It also investigated socioeconomic and demographic predictors of the identified disparities. Methods Pertussis data covering the time period 2010–2018 were obtained from Florida HealthCHARTS web interface. Spatial patterns and temporal changes in geographic distribution of pertussis risk were assessed using county-level choropleth maps for the time periods 2010–2012, 2013–2015, 2016–2018 and 2010–2018. Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics were used to identify high-risk spatial clusters which were displayed in maps. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to identify significant predictors of county-level risk. Residuals of the OLS model were assessed for model assumptions including spatial autocorrelation. Results County-level pertussis risk varied from 0 to 116.31 cases per 100,000 people during the study period. A total of 11 significant (p < 0.05) spatial clusters were identified with risk ratios ranging from 1.5 to 5.8. Geographic distribution remained relatively consistent over time with areas of high risk persisting in the western panhandle, northeastern coast, and along the western coast. Although county level pertussis risks generally increased from 2010–2012 to 2013–2015, risk tended to be lower during the 2016–2018 time period. Significant predictors of county-level pertussis risk were rurality, percentage of females, and median income. Counties with high pertussis risk tended to be rural (p = 0.021), those with high median incomes (p = 0.039), and those with high percentages of females (p < 0.001). Conclusion There is evidence that geographic disparities exist and have persisted over time in Florida. This study highlights the application and importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology and spatial statistical/epidemiological tools in identifying areas of highest disease risk so as to guide resource allocation to reduce health disparities and improve health for all.

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Global climate changes over time shaping the environmental niche distribution of Octopus insularis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in the Atlantic Ocean

Bulletin of Marine Science ◽

10.5343/bms.2019.0053 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Françoise D Lima ◽

Luis Enrique Ángeles-González ◽

Tatiana S Leite ◽

Sergio MQ Lima

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Global Climate ◽

Trophic Chain ◽

Future Scenarios ◽

Climatic Niche ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

Climatic Scenarios ◽

Over Time

In the Atlantic Ocean, Octopus insularis Leite and Haimovici, 2008 inhabits warm and shallow habitats, where it is one of the main targets of cephalopod fisheries. Considering the current trend of increase of increasing sea-water temperature, warm-water species are expected to expand their geographic distribution range. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is an important tool to help describe likely changes in geographic distribution patterns of a species in many climatic scenarios. To evaluate the changes of O. insularis distribution over time, the Maximum Entropy approach was used, which estimated a suitable climatic niche for Octopus under five scenarios of global climate changes. Six environmental layers were chosen to model the modern suitable climatic niche of O. insularis and four variables were used for past and future scenarios. The ENM in different climatic scenarios showed good validation and pointed out an increase of the suitable niche for O. insularis settlement, from Last Glacial Maximum (21 Kya) up to future scenarios. In the future projections, the availability of species suitable niche will potentially increase in Tropical Atlantic compared to the current distribution. In addition, the modeling pointed out the possibility of an expansion from the species current range to Temperate Northern Atlantic, Temperate South America, and Temperate South Africa. This may cause potential threats, such as possible extinction of endemic species, habitat displacement of native octopuses, reorganizations in the trophic chain.

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Rural Society and the Painters’ Trade in Post-Reformation England

Rural History ◽

10.1017/s0956793316000121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ROBERT TITTLER

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Rural Society ◽

Agricultural Workers ◽

Reformation England ◽

Consumer Demands ◽

Rural England ◽

Over Time

Abstract:This article examines two opposing views on the role and presence of painters in post-Reformation rural England. The art historian William Gaunt concluded that painters simply ‘vanished’ from the local scene in their flight to London; the historical geographer John Patten saw non-agricultural workers in general flocking to the rural scene in the same era. Drawing on a database of over 2,600 working painters, the article explores the presence and role of the painters’ occupation in rural England between 1500 and 1640. It emphasises the painters’ accommodation to changing consumer demands; it offers a revised view of their geographic distribution over time; it shows that painters continued to serve the rural scene, albeit in somewhat different ways and from different locales than before.

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Spectrum of Germline Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1/2 Genes in the Apulian Southern Italy Population: Geographic Distribution and Evidence for Targeted Genetic Testing

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13184714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4714

Author(s):

Margherita Patruno ◽

Simona De Summa ◽

Nicoletta Resta ◽

Mariapia Caputo ◽

Silvia Costanzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Genetic Testing ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Brca1 Gene ◽

Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Testing Strategies ◽

Brca1 Brca2 ◽

Over Time

BRCA1/2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is the most common form of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and occurs in all ethnicities and racial populations. Different BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs) have been reported with a wide variety among populations. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed prevalence and geographic distribution of pathogenic germline BRCA1/2 variants in families from Apulia in southern Italy and evaluated the genotype–phenotype correlations. Data were collected from Oncogenetic Services present in Apulian hospitals and a shared database was built containing Apulian native probands (n = 2026) that had undergone genetic testing from 2004 to 2019. PVs were detected in 499 of 2026 (24.6%) probands and 68.5% of them (342 of 499) were in the BRCA1 gene. We found 65 different PVs in BRCA1 and 46 in BRCA2. There were 10 most recurrent PVs and their geographical distribution appears to be significantly specific for each province. We have assumed that these PVs are related to the historical and geopolitical changes that occurred in Apulia over time and/or to a “founder effect”. Broader knowledge of BRCA1/2 prevalence and recurring PVs in specific geographic areas could help establish more flexible genetic testing strategies that may enhance our ability to detect high-risk subjects.

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Geographic Distribution and Change in Tang Poetry: Data Analysis from the “Chronological Map of Tang-Song Literature”

Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture ◽

10.1215/23290048-7257028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 360-374

Author(s):

Wang Zhaopeng ◽

Qiao Junjun

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Tang Dynasty ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

The Political ◽

Tang Poetry ◽

Political Center ◽

The Tang Dynasty ◽

Dynamic Examination ◽

Over Time

Abstract This article uses data to analyze the geographic distribution and transformation of the poetic world in the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE). There are two ways we can examine spatial distribution and movement in Tang poetry. The first is a static examination of poets' hometowns (jiguan 籍貫). This method looks at the distribution of poets during a specific period to understand where greater or lesser numbers of poets were born, which places could be considered the center of Tang poetry, and what kinds of geographical changes occurred over time in the Tang literary world. The second is a dynamic examination of poets' activities. When we compare various Tang poets, what differences and changes can we find in the places they lived and traveled? Are the poets' spatial distribution patterns even, or do they favor certain regions? Where were the centers of poetic activity in this period? Were they the same as the political center (the two capitals), or were they located farther out in the provinces? Were they in culturally or politically developed areas or in more remote, less developed ones? In which areas was poetic activity most frequent and intense? This article attempts to answer these questions with data.

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Global climate changes over time shape the environmental niche distribution of Octopus insularis in the Atlantic Ocean

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 652 ◽

pp. 111-121

Author(s):

FD Lima ◽

LE Ángeles-González ◽

TS Leite ◽

SMQ Lima

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Global Climate ◽

Seawater Temperature ◽

Trophic Chain ◽

Future Scenarios ◽

Climatic Niche ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Climatic Scenarios ◽

Over Time

In the Atlantic Ocean, Octopus insularis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) Leite and Haimovici, 2008 inhabits warm and shallow habitats, where it is one of the main targets of cephalopod fisheries. Considering the current trend of increasing seawater temperature, warm-water species are expected to expand their geographic distribution ranges. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is an important tool to help describe likely changes in geographic distribution patterns of a species in different climatic scenarios. To evaluate changes in the distribution of Octopus insularis over time, the maximum entropy approach was used, which estimated a suitable climatic niche for Octopus under 5 scenarios of global climate change. Four environmental variables were chosen to model the suitable climatic niche of O. insularis in the present, past, and future scenarios. The ENM in different climatic scenarios showed good validation and pointed out an increase of the suitable niche for O. insularis settlement, from the Last Glacial Maximum (21 kya) up to future scenarios. In the future projections, suitable niche space will potentially increase in the tropical Atlantic compared to the current distribution. Modeling pointed out the possibility of expansion from the current range of the species to the temperate northern Atlantic, temperate South America, and temperate South Africa. This may cause potential threats, such as possible extinction of endemic species, habitat displacement of native octopuses, and reorganizations in the trophic chain.

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Hemoglobinopathies in the North of Morocco: Consanguinity Pilot Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/6857417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Achraf Laghmich ◽

Fatima Zahra Alaoui Ismaili ◽

Zeineb Zian ◽

Amina Barakat ◽

Naima Ghailani Nourouti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Social Behavior ◽

General Population ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Genetic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

The Other ◽

The North ◽

Over Time

Consanguinity is a social behavior characterized by the arrangement of marriages between relatives. It coincides generally with the geographic distribution of recessive genetic diseases as it increases the likelihood of homozygosis and, consequently, the incidence of their pathologies in the population. In this pilot study, we assess the effect of inbreeding on the burden of hemoglobinopathies in Northern Morocco. From January 2016 to December 2018, 197 children born in the studied region to three ancestral generations and diagnosed with hemoglobinopathies were subject to investigation. The rate of consanguinity in the parents’ generation of children with hemoglobinopathies was 50.25%, with first cousin marriages accounting for 68.69% of consanguineous unions (FI = 0.02). The corresponding rates in the general population, based on a sample of N = 900, were 29.67% and 82.02%, respectively. The marriages between first cousins are the most common among the other types of consanguineous unions. Our study propounds that consanguinity substantially contributes to the hemoglobinopathy burden in the studied region and has changed little over time. Refraining from consanguineous marriages and detecting couples at risk could contribute to the reduction of the incidence of genetic diseases in our country.

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Genetic diversity and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Belgium during the first wave outbreak

10.1101/2021.06.29.450330 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tony Wawina-Bokalanga ◽

Joan Marti-Carreras ◽

Bert Vanmechelen ◽

Mandy Bloemen ◽

Elke Wollants ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Synonymous Mutations ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Intervention Measures ◽

Functional Implications ◽

Variant Analysis ◽

One Year ◽

Over Time

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 was first detected in Belgium on 3rd February 2020, albeit the first epidemiological wave started in March and ended in June 2020. One year after the first epidemiological wave hit the country data analyses reveled the temporal and variant distribution of SARS-CoV-2 and its implication with Belgian epidemiological measures. In this study, 766 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes of samples originating from the first epidemiological were sequenced to characterize the temporal and geographic distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium through phylogenetic and variant analysis. Our analysis reveals the presence of the major circulating SARS-CoV-2 clades (G, GH and GR) and lineages circulating in Belgium at that time. Moreover, it contextualizes the density of SARS-CoV-2 cases over time with non-intervention measures taken to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Belgium, specific international case imports and the functional implications of the most representative non-synonymous mutations present in Belgium between February to June 2020.

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Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000365 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David Hirshleifer ◽

Siew Hong Teoh

Keyword(s):

Cultural Evolution ◽

Social Transmission ◽

Cognitive Approach ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Economic Attitudes ◽

The Social ◽

Economic Beliefs ◽

Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

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