Estimation of the Gene Pool State of the Western Race of Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in Urals on the Basis of Microsatelite Markers Polymorphism

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Yu. Vasileva ◽  
Ya. Sboeva ◽  
N. Chertov ◽  
A. Zhulanov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
The State ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The North

Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of two types of microsatellite markers (ISSR and SSR), the state of gene pools of the fifteen of Siberian larch populations from three regions of the Urals: Northern, Middle and Southern was estimated. The parameters of genetic diversity were revealed, its structure was established at the intrapopulation level. To assess the uniqueness of the gene pool, we used the coefficient of genetic originality (KGO), the analysis of which revealed populations with typical and region-specific gene pools. It was established that the studied samples are generally characterized by a high level of genetic diversity. It was found that the gene pools of samples from the South Urals are characterized by the greatest specificity, the lowest values of KGO, i. e. more typical gene pools, are noted in the North Urals samples of L. sibirica, the average values of KGO are from the samples of the Middle Urals. Also, 3 unique alleles were found in the ZIL, BND, and KCH samples, in the rest, no unique markers were detected. For a comprehensive assessment of the state of the gene pools of populations, all established indicators of genetic diversity have been transferred to the scale for assessing the status of gene pools developed on the example of the studied L. sibirica populations. Based on data on genetic diversity obtained using two types of molecular markers, it was found that the gene pools of ten studied L. sibirica populations are in satisfactory condition, and five have signs of gene pool degradation. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are made on the conservation of L. sibirica genetic resources in the Urals.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Geographical Differentiation of Larix sibirica Ledeb. in the Urals

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Nikita Chertov ◽  
Yulia Vasilyeva ◽  
Andrei Zhulanov ◽  
Yulia Nechaeva ◽  
Svetlana Boronnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Impact

The Ural Mountains and the West Eurasian Taiga forests are one of the most important centers of genetic diversity for Larix sibirica Ledeb. Forest fragmentation negatively impacts forest ecosystems, especially due to the impact of their intensive use on the effects of climate change. For the preservation and rational use of forest genetic resources, it is necessary to carefully investigate the genetic diversity of the main forest-forming plant species. The Larix genus species are among the most widespread woody plants in the world. The Siberian larch (Larix sibirica, Pinaceae) is found in the forest, forest-tundra, tundra (Southern part), and forest-steppe zones of the North, Northeast, and partly East of the European part of Russia and in Western and Eastern Siberia; in the Urals, the Siberian larch is distributed fragmentarily. In this study, eight pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used to analyse the genetic diversity and population structure of 15 Siberian larch populations in the Urals. Natural populations in the Urals exhibit indicators of genetic diversity comparable to those of Siberia populations (expected heterozygosity, He = 0.623; expected number of alleles, Ne = 4017; observed heterozygosity, Ho = 0.461). Genetic structure analysis revealed that the examined populations are relatively highly differentiated (Fst = 0.089). Using various algorithms for determining the spatial genetic structure, the examined populations formed three groups according to geographical location. The data obtained are required for the development of species conservation and restoration programs, which are especially important in the Middle Urals, which is the region with strong forest fragmentation.

scholarly journals Genetic flow among olive populations within the Mediterranean basin

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina di Rienzo ◽  
Sara Sion ◽  
Francesca Taranto ◽  
Nunzio D’Agostino ◽  
Cinzia Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Background The olive tree is a typical crop of the Mediterranean basin where it shows a wide diversity, accounting for more than 2,600 cultivars. The ability to discriminate olive cultivars and determine their genetic variability is pivotal for an optimal exploitation of olive genetic resources. Methods We investigated the genetic diversity within 128 olive accessions belonging to four countries in the Mediterranean Basin (Italy, Algeria, Syria, and Malta), with the purpose of better understanding the origin and spread of the olive genotypes across Mediterranean Basin countries. Eleven highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used and proved to be very informative, producing a total of 179 alleles. Results Cluster analysis distinguished three main groups according to their geographical origin, with the current sample of Maltese accessions included in the Italian group. Phylogenetic analysis further differentiated Italian and Maltese olive accessions, clarifying the intermediate position of Maltese accessions along the x/y-axes of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Model-based and neighbor clustering, PCoA, and migration analysis suggested the existence of two different gene pools (Algerian and Syrian) and that the genetic exchange occurred between the Syrian, Italian and Maltese populations. Discussion The close relationship between Syrian and Italian and Maltese olives was consistent with the historical domestication and migration of olive tree from the North Levant to eastern Mediterranean basin. This study lays the foundations for a better understanding of olive genetic diversity in the Mediterranean basin and represents a step toward an optimal conservation and exploitation of olive genetic resources.

Genetic diversity of Colombian landraces of common bean as detected through the use of silver-stained and fluorescently labelled microsatellites

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Díaz ◽  
Héctor F. Buendía ◽  
Myriam C. Duque ◽  
Matthew W. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Fluorescent Marker ◽  
Fluorescent Markers

Colombia, situated at the northern end of the Andes mountains of South America and in proximity to Central America, is an important centre of diversity for common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) that has a mix of cultivated germplasm from both major gene pools (Andean and Mesoamerican) for the species. Microsatellites are a useful marker system for analyzing genetic diversity of this crop and can be analyzed with manual (silver-stain) or automated (ABI) detection systems and using unlabelled or fluorescently labelled markers, respectively. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic diversity of 92 Colombian landraces and gene pool controls with 36 fluorescent and 30 non-fluorescent microsatellite markers and to determine the extent of introgression between the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools for this germplasm. A comparison of fluorescentversusnon-fluorescent marker systems was performed with 14 loci, which were evaluated with both methods; the fluorescent markers were found to be more precise than the non-fluorescent markers in determining population structure. A combined analysis of 52 microsatellites using the 36 fluorescent markers and 16 non-overlapping, silver-stained markers produced an accurate population structure for the Andean gene pool that separated race Nueva Granada and race Peru genotypes and clearly identified introgression between these races and the gene pools. The results of this research are important for the application of microsatellite markers to diversity analysis in common bean and for the conservation of landraces in Colombia and neighbouring countries of Latin America, where similar germplasm exists and where gene pool or race mixtures also occur.

RFLP diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in its centres of origin

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana L. Becerra Velasquez ◽  
Paul Gepts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Eighty-five wild and cultivated accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing a wide geographic area in the centres of domestication were tested for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Genomic DNA was digested with one of three restriction enzymes (EcoRI, EcoRV, and HindIII) and hybridized to 12 probes distributed throughout the common bean genome. Accessions could be classified into two major groups with a distinct geographical distribution in Middle America and the Andes. Within each gene pool, cultivated accessions clustered together with wild forms from the same geographical area supporting the multiple domestications hypothesis for this crop. Estimates of Nei's genetic distances among the cultivated races from the two different gene pools varied from 0.12 to 0.56 and among races from the same gene pool from 0.04 to 0.12, suggesting that the divergence in Phaseolus vulgaris has reached the subspecies level. The level of genetic diversity (Ht = 0.38) was twice the value obtained with isozyme analysis. Genetic diversity within races (Hs = 0.27) was four to five times higher compared with isozymes, but genetic diversity between races (Dst = 0.11) was similar for both categories of markers. These results corroborate previous studies on the characterization of genetic diversity in common bean that clearly showed two distinct gene pools, Middle American and Andean. Moreover, RFLP markers are superior to isozymes because they provide better coverage of the genome and reveal higher level of polymorphisms.Key words: common bean, restriction fragment length polymorphism, domestication, genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Brockite in wallrock metasomatites of the Safyanovskoe copper-sulphide deposit (Middle Urals)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Elena Industrovna SOROKA ◽  
◽  
Lyubov’ Vladimirovna LEONOVA ◽  
Mikhail Egorovich PRITCHIN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Copper Sulphide ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Sulphide Deposit ◽  
Environment Change ◽  
Rare Earth Minerals ◽  
Composition Of Minerals ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The relevance of the work is due to the need to study ore copper-sulphide deposits in the Urals. Purpose of the work: description of accessory brockite in metasomatites of the Safyanovskoe copper-sulphide deposit. Research methodology: the chemical composition of minerals was determined using the Jeol JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope with an INCA Energy 450 X-Max 80 energy dispersive attachment from Oxford Instruments (Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg). Results and conclusions. For the first time for the Safyanovskoe copper-sulphide deposit (Middle Urals), an aqueous rare earth phosphate of calcium and thorium, brockite, has been determined; it belongs to the group of rhabdophane (Ca,Th,REE)[PO]4 ∙ _H2 O. The mineral is rare for the Urals and was described earlier in granite pegmatites of the Middle and South Urals, as well as in dikes of metaplagiogranites of the Bazhenov ophiolite complex. Brockite was found in the rocky metasomatites of the Safyanovskoe copper-sulphide deposit after crystalline lithoclastic tuff (tuffaceous sandstone) of acid composition. The main mass of the rock consists of quartz, kaolinite (sericite), carbonates (dolomite, Fe-magnesite) with rare inclusions of pyrite. Brockite is found in the dolomite-quartz matrix of the sample in intergrowths with REE-goyazite – strontium aluminophosphate. It is assumed for the Safyanovskoe copper-sulphide deposit that an alumina association with an ore mineral association and rare earth minerals, in particular, REE-alumophosphates and phosphates, will form closely at the same time as the temperature drops and the redox conditions of the mineral formation environment change.

scholarly journals Demantoid from the Telyansky Klyuch deposit (Middle Urals) – is the place of the first discovery in the Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Sergey Yur’evich KROPANTSEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Gold Placer ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Components

The relevance of the work is due to the need to study the Ural gems, including those discovered in the Urals. This is important not only from a scientific point of view, but for the history of science and the development of geological tourism in our region as well. Purpose of the work: study of the chemical composition of demantoid from the Telyansky Klyuch deposit, which is the site of the first find of this gem in the Urals. Research methodology. Demantoid (green jewelry andradite) was washed by the author in the Telyansky Klyuch gold placer; the quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of garnet was performed using the JXA-733 X-ray electron probe microanalyzer. Results. A historical study of the sites of finds of demantoids in the Middle Urals was carried out. It was established that precious garnet was found not in placers of the Bobrovka river located south of Nizhny Tagil, but in the gold placer of the Telyansky Klyuch to the north of Nizhny Tagil. Microprobe analysis of individual demantoid crystals showed that garnets with different green color saturation according to the main components are andradites with average contents: CaO – 33,18%; Fe2 O3 – 30,74%; SiO2 – 35,02% (for 6 analyzes). The feature of the chemical composition of Telyansky demantoids is the absence or insignificant amount of aluminum impurity in them – not more than 0.02% Al2 O3 , which is practically at the level of microprobe analysis sensitivity for this element. The amount of chromium varies from 0.02% Cr2 O3 in a light green demantoid to 0.5–0.74% Cr2 O3 in green and bright green andradites. Conclusions. The place of the first find of low-impurity and chromium-containing andradites in the Urals with the name of “diamantoite” (proposed by N. G. Nordenskiöld ) is the Telyansky Klyuch gold deposit on the East Tagil dunite-harzburgite massif in the Middle Urals

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of introducing new alleles into the gene pool of a rare dog breed: Polish Hound as the example

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Głażewska ◽  
B. Prusak
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
The State ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Mtdna Haplotypes ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
New Alleles

The objective of the analysis was to check the possibility of enriching a gene pool of a rare dog breed by breeding use of dogs of unknown origin that are phenotypically similar to a given breed. The evaluation was performed using pedigree and mtDNA analyses applied to Polish Hounds. The results indicated the very limited breeding success of such dogs in relation to their contributions to the gene pool and to the number of their descendants used in breeding. Dogs of unknown origin accounted for 80.9% of the total number of breed founders while the proportions of their descendants used in breeding were equal to just 14.3 and 4.7% of the total number of dams and sires, respectively. Breeders are unwilling to use such dogs and kennel judges are critical of their quality and appearance which are inconsistent with the breed standard. This may be connected with their distinct breed affiliation detected by the mtDNA analysis which showed the presence of three mtDNA haplotypes in Polish Hounds differing by a large number of substitutions. The study leads to the pessimistic conclusions that chances of enriching gene pools through breeding use of dogs of unknown origin are rather slim. The case of the Polish Hounds shows that the success of programmes for improving the genetic condition of endangered dog breeds can only be achieved in coordination between breeders and kennel authorities, and with financing from the state.  

scholarly journals Wheat Genetic Resources in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
BK Joshi ◽  
A Mudwari ◽  
MR Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Gene

Genetic diversity must be maintained and utilized for sustainable agriculture development. Theamount of genetic diversity in the country depends on the number and diversity of the originalancestors involved in the creation of a germplasm pool, wild relatives and existing landraces.The objective of this research was to study the diversity of wheat gene pool present in theNepalese bread wheat cultivars and landraces that could help for developing conservation andutilization strategy effectively. We examined the pedigrees of 35 Nepalese wheat cultivars andsurveyed the literature for distribution of landraces and wild relatives of wheat. Cultivatedlandraces of spring and winter type, wild landraces and diploid species of wheat are found inNepal. There are 35 improved wheat cultivars, 540 landraces and 10 wild relatives of wheat.Crosses between winter and spring wheat gene pools are far more common and offer a newsource of diversity. Mexico, India and Nepal are the origin countries for 35 cultivars. In Nepalfour cultivars were bred and developed using foreign landraces and maximum number ofcultivars was developed in Mexico. Lerma 52, first improved cereal variety to be released in thehistory of cereal breeding in Nepal was released in 1960. A total of 89 ancestors originated in 22different countries were used to develop these cultivars. Highest number of ancestors was fromIndia. Ancestors of both aestivum and durum species having winter, spring and intermediategrowth habit indicated the collection of wide gene pool. Most of the ancestors were aestivum(76.40%) and spring growth habit (57.31%). Modern varieties are replacing the landraces andimproved old varieties resulted in the genetic erosion. Therefore, in situ, on farm and ex situconservations are necessary for maintaining these genetic variations. Unutilization of locallandraces in breeding program may be the major factor that causes to accelerate the geneticerosion. Gene pool from these landraces along with international gene pool could make towardssuccess in developing high yielding cultivars with wide adaptability. In this study, cultivars andlandraces surveyed represent a wide range of variation for different areas of origin andadaptation.Key words: Ancestor; landrace; origin; wheat gene poolDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1859Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.1-10

Genetic diversity of two Indian common bean germplasm collections based on morphological and microsatellite markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Sharma ◽  
L. M. Díaz ◽  
M. W. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
The North ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
North Western

India is the second most populous nation in the world after China, and its plant genetic resources are an important basis for crop improvement to meet human population needs. An important legume in the diet of the Indian population is common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Common beans are one of the many important legumes grown in India, but unlike others, its centre of origin is not in Asia but in the Americas. The objective of this study was to evaluate two collections of Indian common beans: one for an internationally available collection of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-protected accessions and one from the north-western Himalayan region. In total, 149 Indian landraces were evaluated with a total of 24 microsatellites across the two collections, and these represented all common bean-growing states of India. A population structure analysis was used to find groups in each collection, and this was compared across the collections. The genetic analysis of the two sets of Indian accessions with neighbour-joining trees and principal component analysis categorized the landraces into Andean and Mesoamerican gene pool groups. The Andean genotypes dominated the north-western Himalayan collection while the FAO-protected accessions were predominantly Mesoamerican. The Indian subcontinent can be considered as a region of high bean diversity; however, very little introgression was observed between the gene pools in both the germplasm sets. Gene pool identity was further substantiated by the comparison of seed traits, particularly seed size. The role of the landraces in plant breeding programmes is discussed.

scholarly journals Examination of Genetic Diversity of Common Bean from the Western Balkans

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Maras ◽  
Barbara Pipan ◽  
Jelka Šuštar-Vozlič ◽  
Vida Todorović ◽  
Gordana Đurić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Mesoamerican Gene Pool ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Large Clusters

In this study, genetic diversity of 119 accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) from five former Yugoslav republics constituting the western Balkans was assessed by 13 microsatellite markers. This set of markers has proven before to efficiently distinguish between bean genotypes and assign them to either the Andean or the Mesoamerican gene pool of origin. In this study, 118 alleles were detected or 9.1 per locus on average. Four groups (i.e., Slovene, Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian) showed similarly high levels of genetic diversity as estimated by the number of different alleles, number of effective alleles, Shannon’s information index, and expected heterozygosity. Mildly narrower genetic diversity was identified within a group of Macedonian accessions; however, this germplasm yielded the highest number of private alleles. All five germplasms share a great portion of genetic diversity as indicated by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). On the basis of the scored number of migrants, we concluded that the most intensive gene flow in the region exists in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cluster analysis based on collected molecular data classified the accessions into two large clusters that corresponded to two gene pools of origin (i.e., Andean and Mesoamerican). We found that Andean genotypes are more prevalent than Mesoamerican in all studied countries, except Macedonia, where the two gene pools are represented evenly. This could indicate that common bean was introduced into the western Balkans mainly from the Mediterranean Basin. Bayesian cluster analysis revealed that in the area studied an additional variation exists which is related to the Andean gene pool. Different scenarios of the origin of this variation are discussed in the article.

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