Treatment of medulloblastoma in pediatric patients over 3 years old: modern approaches with respect to molecular and biologic tumor features

Medulloblastoma (MB) treatment in pediatric patients is an open challenge in clinical oncology. Current treatment protocols are risk-adopted and risk group criteria continuously evolve by increasing data about molecular and biologic mechanisms of MB tumorogenesis. In the current issue it is reviewed modern treatment programs, which became a basis of Russian and International clinical recommendations. It is analyzed treatment results according to regimens of chemotherapy and irradiation, absence or presence of metastases, histologic variant and molecular and biologic tumor features.

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Proximal tibial fractures: Current treatment, results, and problems

Injury ◽

10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00252-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. S2-S10 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. Krieg

Keyword(s):

Current Treatment ◽

Tibial Fractures ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Proximal Tibial Fractures

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A Corpus Linguistic Analysis of Public Tumblr Blog Posts on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

10.31234/osf.io/k4qt3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mandy M. Greaves ◽

Cass Dykeman

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Emotional Pain ◽

Corpus Linguistic ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Self Injury ◽

Compassion Focused Therapy ◽

Blog Posts

Rates of Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has have steadily been on the risen among in adolescents and young adults. This study collected pro-NSSI public blog posts from Tumblr on pro-NSSI and analyzed the content linguistically using LIWC software. , examining the The NSSI -specific words, the linguistics properties and the psychological linguistic properties were examined. The results align with similar studies conducted on understanding the language markers of mental health. For NSSI specific word categories, the methods of engaging in NSSI was the most frequently used in the Tumblr blogs. This aligns with literature about the need for people to express their emotional pain to others who may understand. The linguistic properties demonstrated some unique results that can be best explained by the numbing feeling that is found in individuals who utilize NSSI and their tendency to avoid expressing painful experiences in a manner that would increase their vulnerability. The psychological properties of these public Tumblr posts were revealed through the dominantly in a negative emotional tone of the writing, which is also indicative of anyone struggling with severe mental illness. These findings suggest that treatment which specializes in shame and increasing self-compassion, such as Compassion Focused Therapy, would be more beneficial to these individuals who struggle with pain, shame and emotional distress than current treatment programs.

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Current treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain: a review

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20213911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 1708

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Swain

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Hospital Staff ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Review Article ◽

Age Group ◽

Throat Pain ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Post Operative Pain ◽

Active Research ◽

Pain Analgesics

<p class="abstract">Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by an otorhinolaryngologist. This surgery is done more in the pediatric age group. Although tonsillectomy is safe and effective surgery, it is usually associated with significant post-operative pain. Analgesics used for post-tonsillectomy pain is often inadequate. Severe throat pain following tonsillectomy has been documented for decades. Patients or parents/caretakers often worry about such severe pain in the home. The pain following tonsillectomy is usually intense and long-lasting. The severe post-tonsillectomy pain often overstrains the patient, family, and hospital staff. Regular changes in the analgesic armamentarium, particularly in pediatric patients are making the treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain more challenging. Pain following the tonsillectomy period continues to be a highly debated issue and an area of active research. Throat pain in the post-tonsillectomy period can result in significant morbidity among patients. There are different analgesics available; each one has its risk profile and side effects when used for controlling post-tonsillectomy pain. This review article discusses on recent management of post-tonsillectomy pain. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, impact of post-tonsillectomy pain, and details of medications used for controlling post-tonsillectomy pain.</p>

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Calcaneal Osteomyelitis: Current Treatment Concepts

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734619895187 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 230-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael J. McCann ◽

Ashleigh Wells

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factors ◽

Literature Review ◽

Medical Management ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Clinical Diagnostic ◽

Treatment Concepts

Calcaneal osteomyelitis can be a debilitating disease if proper treatment protocols are not initiated. This literature review details the epidemiology, clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic factors, and medical management in those who developed this disease.

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Immigration Brings New Pathology with No Standardized Treatment Protocol

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/17-058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (6) ◽

pp. 517-522

Author(s):

Tara L. Harrington ◽

Denten Eldredge ◽

Erica K. Benson

Keyword(s):

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Foot And Ankle ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Standardized Treatment ◽

Madura Foot ◽

Antimicrobial Interventions

Madura foot is an uncommon invasive soft-tissue infection that foot and ankle specialists encounter. We present two rare cases of Phialemonium and Phaeoacremonium fungi infections of the foot diagnosed in northern California to inform physicians on the presentation and current treatment options for this unique pathology. The two cases presented outline the clinical presentations, diagnostic data, and surgical and antimicrobial interventions. There is a concentration on the antimicrobial options depending on which of the over 20 species is encountered. The pertinent literature and supporting data are reviewed to create an outline for discussion of treatment protocols when faced with these emerging opportunistic infections.

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Fractional CO2 Laser Treatment Outcomes for Pediatric Hypertrophic Burn Scars

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irz046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 386-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sagar P Patel ◽

Ha Vi Nguyen ◽

Diana Mannschreck ◽

Richard J Redett ◽

Katherine B Puttgen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Treatment ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Clinical Role ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Burn Care ◽

Scar Assessment ◽

Laser Treatments

Abstract Carbon dioxide ablative fractional laser (CO2-AFL) therapy has not been widely adopted in pediatric burn care given limited outcomes literature and no established guidelines on laser treatment protocols. We present our experience to further elucidate the clinical role of CO2-AFL therapy for pediatric hypertrophic burn scars. We conducted a prospective cohort study of pediatric burn patients undergoing CO2-AFL treatment of hypertrophic, symptomatic burn scars at a tertiary care regional burn center during a 2-year period. Scars were assessed before each treatment using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), a validated, subjective, comprehensive scar assessment tool. We treated 49 pediatric patients for a total of 180 laser sessions. Burn severity was full thickness (63.6%) or deep partial thickness (47.7%). Observer-rated POSAS scores revealed statistically significant improvements in pigment, thickness, relief, pliability, and surface area after one treatment with continued improvement until the last laser session. Patient-rated POSAS revealed statistically significant improvements in color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity after laser treatments. Total POSAS improved from 89.6 ± 17.5 to 76.6 ± 16.8 (P < .0001) after one treatment with further improvement to 69.2 ± 14.9 (P < .0001) at the final laser session. We found convincing evidence that CO2-AFL therapy improves hypertrophic burn scars on both patient- and observer-rated scales confirming statistical and clinical significance to both providers and families. These findings demonstrate that CO2-AFL can improve hypertrophic burn scars in pediatric patients providing a lower risk alternative to invasive therapies and a more immediate, efficacious alternative to more conservative scar treatments.

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Parental Perspectives on Whole-Exome Sequencing in Pediatric Cancer: A Typology of Perceived Utility

JCO Precision Oncology ◽

10.1200/po.17.00010 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Janet Malek ◽

Melody J. Slashinski ◽

Jill O. Robinson ◽

Amanda M. Gutierrez ◽

D. Williams Parsons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exome Sequencing ◽

Whole Exome Sequencing ◽

Pediatric Cancer ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Peace Of Mind ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Whole Exome ◽

Parental Perspectives

Purpose To explore how parents of pediatric patients with cancer perceived the utility of clinical tumor and germline whole-exome sequencing (WES) results. Patients and Methods We conducted longitudinal interviews with parents of a diverse pediatric cancer population before disclosure of WES results (n = 64), then 1 to 8 months (n = 33) after disclosure. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a thematic qualitative approach. Results Parents identified a broad range of types of utility for their child’s WES results. Even when results did not affect their child’s current treatment, they expressed optimism about future clinical utility for their child, themselves, and other family members. Parents also reported experiencing psychological utility including peace of mind, relief of guilt, and satisfaction of curiosity. Pragmatic utility, such as the ability to plan for the future and make better reproductive decisions, was also described. Conclusion Parents of pediatric patients with cancer perceive WES to have broad utility, including psychological and pragmatic utility, even if there is no direct impact on clinical care. Additional research will need to consider how the value of genomic information should be characterized, how risks and benefits should be described, and how these results should inform recommendations and decisions about using WES.

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Active phytoconstituents for diabetes management: A review

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2017-0123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajnish Gupta

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Management ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Chronic Complications ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Antidiabetic Plants

AbstractDiabetes is a metabolic syndrome increasing rapidly due to occupational stress, lack of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and increasing occurrence of obesity, associated with rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization. Due to erroneous carbohydrate metabolism, diabetics are more prone to chronic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease resulting in tissue damage. Current treatment protocols to these problems produce more serious adverse effects and are costly too. Medicinal plants provide an alternative of safe, reliable and cost-effective pharmacological source to all these ailments. This review provides the compiled data of isolated active phytoconstituents of 22 potent antidiabetic plants with their plant-part used, which might be useful for drug development.

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How to use new biology to guide therapy in multiple myeloma

Hematology ◽

10.1182/asheducation.v2012.1.342.3798324 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 (1) ◽

pp. 342-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gareth J. Morgan ◽

Martin F. Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Next Generation ◽

Molecular Subgroups ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Sequencing Technologies ◽

A Genome

Abstract Recent advances in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy have led to significantly longer median survival rates and some patients being cured. At the same time, our understanding of MM biology and the molecular mechanisms driving the disease is constantly improving. Next-generation sequencing technologies now allow insights into the genetic aberrations in MM at a genome-wide scale and across different developmental stages in the course of an individual tumor. This improved knowledge about MM biology needs to be rapidly translated and transformed into diagnostic and therapeutic applications to finally achieve cure in a larger proportion of patients. As a part of these translational efforts, novel drugs that inhibit oncogenic proteins overexpressed in defined molecular subgroups of the disease, such as FGFR3 and MMSET in t(4;14) MM, are currently being developed. The potential of targeted next-generation diagnostic tests to rapidly identify clinically relevant molecular subgroups is being evaluated. The technical tools to detect and define tumor subclones may potentially become clinically relevant because intraclonal tumor heterogeneity has become apparent in many cancers. The emergence of different MM subclones under the selective pressure of treatment is important in MM, especially in the context of maintenance therapy and treatment for asymptomatic stages of the disease. Finally, novel diagnostic and therapeutic achievements have to be implemented into innovative clinical trial strategies with smaller trials for molecularly defined high-risk patients and large trials with a long follow-up for the patients most profiting from the current treatment protocols. These combined approaches will hopefully transform the current one-for-all care into a more tailored, individual therapeutic strategy for MM patients.

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