Ghrelin, Diabetes and Obesity - Prospects for an Anti-obesity Vaccine

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide and nowadays stands as a major public health problem. Undoubtedly, the 21st century has the most diabetogenic environment in human history. The number of people living with diabetes has soared to 366 million, and the disease kills one person every seven seconds, posing a "massive challenge" to healthcare systems worldwide. Diabetes is a huge and growing problem, and the costs to society are high and escalating, affecting all countries. Over the past 25 years or so, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the USA has almost doubled, with three- to five-fold increases in India, Indonesia, China, Korea and Thailand. JMS 2011;14(2):38-39.

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Risk Factors for and Barriers to Control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi Population

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p10 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yahya Mari Alneami ◽

Christopher L. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Health Problem ◽

Literature Search ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Saudi Population

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is dramatically increasing in urban areas within Saudi Arabia. Hence, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem. Understanding the major risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies to prevent, control, and reduce in the burden of disease cases.OBJECTIVE: To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.METHODS: The literature search was conducted on risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (2007-2015). The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 70 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. RESULTS: The literature review revealed that obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and aging are the major risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Further, the review allocated a complex set of barriers including, lack of education, social support, and healthy environment. These barriers may hinder Saudis with Type-2 Diabetes from controlling their disease.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is high among the Saudi population and represents a major public health problem. Effective research programs are needed to address the modifiable risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi population.

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Natural Ingredients from Medicine Food Homology as Chemopreventive Reagents against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Modulating Gut Microbiota Homoeostasis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6934

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Xia ◽

Jiao Xiao

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Functional Food ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a noteworthy worldwide public health problem. It represents a complex metabolic disorder, mainly characterized as hyperglycemia and lipid dysfunction. The gut microbiota dysbiosis has been proposed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of medicine food homology (MFH) and functional food herbs (FF) to ameliorate diabetes and lead to a natural and healthy life. Hence, this review compiles some reports and findings to demonstrate that the practical use of the MFH/FF can modulate the homoeostasis of gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating the development of T2DM. The results provided useful data to support further investigation of the functional basis and application of MFH/FF to treat T2DM through maintaining intestinal homeostasis.

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Opioid use and diabetes: An overview

Journal of Social Health and Diabetes ◽

10.4103/2321-0656.176570 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 006-010 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pawan Sharma ◽

Yatan Balhara

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Health Concern ◽

Past Century ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

The Past ◽

Chronic Effects

AbstractIllicit opioids have emerged as a major public health problem over the past century. It continues to remain so in the current times. From the studies conducted among the animals, it has been clear that there are acute as well as chronic effects of opioids on the endocrine system. Diabetes has been recognized as a major public health concern and is expected to be a major problem in the coming decades. In this article, we shall discuss the effects of opioids in the glucose homeostasis in both the animal population and human population and its relation to diabetes.

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Malaria Reports, a new journal

Malaria Reports ◽

10.4081/malaria.2011.e1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Niko Speybroeck

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Malaria Control ◽

Large Scale ◽

Indoor Residual Spraying ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Bed Nets ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

The Past ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

International Funding

International funding for malaria control has raised significantly in the past decade, leading to large-scale indoor residual spraying campaigns, to the distribution of insecticidetreated bed nets, and to the introduction of artemisinin-based combination treatments. An encouraging reduction of malaria cases has been reported in a number of countries, but malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide (WHO, 2010). People living in the poorest countries are the most vulnerable. Therefore, it remains a challenge to ensure that high levels of coverage and caution are maintained and that efforts aimed at developing an effective and affordable vaccine would be amplified.

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A comparison of pathogenesis of Diabetes in China and the United States

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123302018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 233 ◽

pp. 02018

Author(s):

Hui Wen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

United States Of America ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The United States ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Cultures

Diabetes Mellitus is a growing public health problem recent year. Diabetes has two main kinds: type 1 and type 2. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic predisposition plays an important role in type 1 diabetes. This may be one reason that cause the difference between China and U.S. Within diabetes patients, more than 90% have type 2 diabetes. However, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China and United States of America is quite different, with 11.6% and 13% in two countries, respectively. Two countries with completely different cultures and histories have such slight differences in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Based on this fact, this paper will introduce the pathogenesis of diabetes and how it differs between the two countries.

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Diagnosis Klinis Demam Berdarah Dengue di Tiga Kabupaten/Kota Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2015-2016

Jurnal Vektor Penyakit ◽

10.22435/vektorp.v12i2.834 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

Hayani Anastasia

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Health Problem ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

The Past ◽

Health Practitioners ◽

Dengue Outbreaks ◽

Central Sulawesi

Abstract Dengue is a major public health problem in Indonesia including Central Sulawesi. In the past, Palu was the only city reported high dengue cases. Then, dengue outbreaks were also reported from several districts in Central Sulawesi. The Provincial Health Office suspected over-reporting of dengue infection. This reviewed article was aimed to identify whether the clinical diagnosis was the cause of over-reporting of dengue infection. Data of dengue cases from three districts/city in 2015-2016 were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there was an over-reporting of dengue infection by 51.7%. The over-reporting occurred because the diagnosis of cases was not strictly followed the guideline for dengue infection classification by the Ministry of Health. Therefore, it is necessary for the health practitioners to understand fully the guideline of dengue infection classification used in Indonesia. Abstrak Dengue merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, termasuk di Sulawesi Tengah. Kota Palu merupakan daerah endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) utama di Sulawesi Tengah. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir kejadian luar biasa DBD dilaporkan di beberapa kabupaten. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah menduga adanya kemungkinan over-reporting kasus DBD yang menyebabkan meningkatnya laporan kasus DBD setiap tahunnya. Review ini bertujuan untuk mengidenfikasi kemungkinan adanya over-reporting kasus DBD di tiga kabupaten/kota di Sulwesi Tengah. Data kasus DBD tahun 2015-2016 dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat adanya over-reporting. Hasil menujukkan bahwa terdapat kelebihan 51,7% kasus DBD yang disebabkan karena diagnosis tidak mengikuti kriteria diagnosis klinis sesuai panduan klasifikasi infeksi dengue yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan. Oleh karena itu sangat penting bagi klinisi untuk memahami kriteria diagnosis infeksi dengue yang digunakan di Indonesia.

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Relation between Glycemic Control among the Patients with Type 2 DM and Level of Blood Pressure

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v22i1.51385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Md Al Amin ◽

Tahira Zannat ◽

Md Nazim Uddin ◽

Md Moniruzzaman ◽

Md Habibullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes constitutes a major public health problem and risk factor for the development of diabetes related complications. Hypertension is a common co-morbid condition of diabetes. Hypertension as a factor for poor glycemic control in diabetes patients has not been properly evaluated in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to assess status of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 DM depending on the level of blood pressure in a tertiary care hospital. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out among 200 adult patients of either gender with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in the Department of Medicine and endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January to June 2015. Results: The mean age of the respondents were 56.85(±10.84) years, ranging from 35 to 77 years. Among 200 patients, 129 (64.5%) were hypertensive and 71 (35.5%) were normotensive with a mean duration of hypertension was 10.03 (±3.39) years. The mean HbA1c for all diabetic, hypertensive and normotensive patients were 7.41% (±1.35), 7.63% (±1.30) and 7.02% (±1.37) respectively. The mean HbA1c was significantly higher in hypertensive than normotensive group (p=0.002). The mean HbA1c was also significantly higher in patients with duration of hypertension (p=0.03) for more than 10 years and in patients who used beta blocker (p=0.005) and diuretics (p=0.02) as hypertensive medication. Among the patients with normal BMI and on dietary modification, those who were hypertensive had significantly higher (p=0.00008) mean HbA1c (7.12(±0.99)) than those were normotensive (5.01(±0.01)). Conclusion: The glycemic control in type 2 DM is found to be poor among the hypertensive patients. There is a complex association of multiple factors like age, gender, duration of hypertension and medications strongly influence the glycemic control of type 2 diabetics with hypertension. J MEDICINE JAN 2021; 22 (1) : 12-17

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Immune-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190710173234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (32) ◽

pp. 5374-5402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline Amaral Machado ◽

Ana Cristina Simões e Silva ◽

Amanda Silva de Miranda ◽

Thiago Macedo e Cordeiro ◽

Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Novel Treatments ◽

The Past ◽

Children And Young Adults

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. It is the leading cause of death and disability, especially among children and young adults. The neurobiology basis underlying TBI pathophysiology remains to be fully revealed. Over the past years, emerging evidence has supported the hypothesis that TBI is an inflammatory based condition, paving the way for the development of potential therapeutic targets. There is no treatment capable to prevent or minimize TBIassociated outcomes. Therefore, the search for effective therapies is a priority goal. In this context, animal models have become valuable tools to study molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in TBI pathogenesis as well as novel treatments. Herein, we discuss therapeutic strategies to treat TBI focused on immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory approaches in the pre-clinical setting.

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Plasma miR-126 Is a Potential Biomarker for Early Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Susceptible Individuals

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/761617 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Chunfang Lv ◽

Liling Li ◽

Sihan Chen ◽

Shenglin Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Study Groups ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Potential Biomarker

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem in China. Diagnostic markers are urgently needed to identify individuals at risk of developing T2DM and encourage them to adapt to a healthier life style. Circulating miRNAs present important sources of noninvasive biomarkers of various diseases. Recently, a novel plasma microRNA signature was identified in T2DM. Here, we evaluated the T2DM-related miRNA signature in plasma of three study groups: normal (fasting glucose (FG), 4.8–5.2 mmol/L), T2DM-susceptible (FG, 6.1–6.9 mmol/L), and T2DM individuals (FG, ≥7.0 mmol/L) and tested the feasibility of using circulating miRNAs to identify individuals at risk of developing T2DM. Among the 5 miRNAs included in the signature, miR-29b and miR-28-3p are not detectable. miR-15a and miR-223 have comparable expression levels among three groups. Notably, miR-126 is the only miRNA that showed significantly reduced expression in susceptible individuals and T2DM patients compared to normal individuals, suggesting that miR-126 in circulation may serve as a potential biomarker for early identification of susceptible individuals to T2DM.

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Une approche participative pour la prévention du diabète de type 2 chez les jeunes francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/65.1.2004.15 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lita Villalon ◽

Cédée-Anne Leclair

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

New Brunswick ◽

School Environment ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Healthy Eating Habits ◽

Prevention Of Diabetes

A participatory approach for the prevention of type 2 diabetes for francophone youth of New Brunswick Diabetes, a serious public health problem, is on the rise, claiming millions of victims. A considerable body of research exists on diabetes, but the development of effective primary prevention strategies is just beginning. This article presents the results of a project, based on an innovative approach where health professionals and community groups have come together to address the issue. The purpose of the project is to develop an intervention strategy for the prevention of type 2 diabetes directed at young francophones living in a minority environment in New Brunswick and adapted to their needs. Qualitative data were gathered from two focus groups and submitted for a content analysis. The process was evaluated. The young francophones have identified the school environment as ideal for intervention. According to them, the intervention should be adapted to the age of the youths. For the 5-to-13-year-old group, the intervention should target healthy eating habits and physical activity whereas for the 14-to-18-year-old group, the emphasis should be on preventing diabetes. The youth and the professionals acquired a greater understanding of the problem of diabetes and its prevention. Youth can now proceed to action, with appropriate guidance. The experience and knowledge of the professionals contributed to the development of the strategy. A shortage of dietitians in public health to work in the area of the prevention of diabetes has been noted.

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