scholarly journals Airway Basal Cells, Protectors of Epithelial Walls in Health and Respiratory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Ruysseveldt ◽  
Katleen Martens ◽  
Brecht Steelant
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Damage Healing ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Tissue Specific Stem Cells

The airway epithelium provides a critical barrier to the outside environment. When its integrity is impaired, epithelial cells and residing immune cells collaborate to exclude pathogens and to heal tissue damage. Healing is achieved through tissue-specific stem cells: the airway basal cells. Positioned near the basal membrane, airway basal cells sense and respond to changes in tissue health by initiating a pro-inflammatory response and tissue repair via complex crosstalks with nearby fibroblasts and specialized immune cells. In addition, basal cells have the capacity to learn from previous encounters with the environment. Inflammation can indeed imprint a certain memory on basal cells by epigenetic changes so that sensitized tissues may respond differently to future assaults and the epithelium becomes better equipped to respond faster and more robustly to barrier defects. This memory can, however, be lost in diseased states. In this review, we discuss airway basal cells in respiratory diseases, the communication network between airway basal cells and tissue-resident and/or recruited immune cells, and how basal cell adaptation to environmental triggers occurs.

THE HORSE AS A LARGE ANIMAL MODEL FOR EXTRA-FETAL DERIVED CELL THERAPY OF CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Anna Lange Consiglio ◽  
Enrica Zucca ◽  
Fausto Cremonesi ◽  
Sheila Laverty ◽  
Jean Pierre Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Epithelial Structure

The airway epithelium is subjected to a lifetime exposure to inhaled particles and pathogens that may lead to the development of a variety of infectious and inflammatory respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These disorders are typically associated with changes in the architecture of the airway walls,that range from epithelial structure remodeling to complete denudation of the basement membrane. The repair of injuries and the regeneration of the epithelial structure involve stem and progenitor cells. Although both secretory and basal cells are able to proliferate, only basal cells are recently suggested to represent the stem cell (SC) niche of the airway epithelium in human tracheas and bronchi, but the adult secretory cells lose their regeneration potential compared to the fetal secretory cells. For this reason, researchers are considering other sources for exogenous pluripotent SCs for airway tissue engineering. At present, autologous bone marrow and adipose derived MSCs seem to present the most popular SC type used in laryngotracheal tissue engineering. Extra-fetal derived SCs could represent new alternative cell sources for lung regeneration. Investigations of stem cell therapy for murine lung injuries revealed an excellent regeneration potential of extra-fetal derived cells that integrated into the lung and differentiated into pulmonary lineages after injury. Recurrent airway obstruction disease (RAO) in the horse is one of the only naturally occurring diseases in animals that is comparable to bronchial asthma in humans. The anamnestic and reversible nature of equine RAO is similar to some forms of human asthma suggesting a common immunological basis. Based on similarities between human asthma and equine RAO, we propose to use spontaneously RAO affected horses as an animal model in biomedical research. We describe the isolation, in vitro proliferation capacity and labeling of equine extra-fetal derived cells, and preliminary in vivo results indicating that after local injection, labeled cells could be retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage from selected pulmonary areas.

Morphological Characteristics of the Stroma in Malignat Epithelial Neoplasms with Short Review of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Lena Kakasheva-Mazhenkovska ◽  
Vesna Janevska ◽  
Gordana Petrushevska ◽  
Liljana Spasevska ◽  
Neli Basheska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblast ◽  
Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract The stroma of the neoplasm is a highly complex structure built by: specialized mesenchymal cells typical for each tissue surroundings, cancer associated fibroblast/myofibroblast, congenital or acquired immune cells, vascular network with endothelial cells and pericytes, mastocytes, macrophages, leukocytes and adipocytes, all together incorporated in the extracellular matrix. Each neoplasm produces its own unique microenvironment where the tumor grows and modifies. Although most of the cells of the host in the stroma have compulsory tumor suppressor ability, the stroma is changing during the malignant process and it even promotes growth, invasion and metastasis. Genetic changes that occur during the development of the cancer, which are guided by the malignant cells lead to changes in the stroma of the host that will overtake it and adjust it to their own needs. In the early stages of the tumor development and invasion, the basal membrane is degraded and the stroma becomes active and contains an increased number of fibroblasts, inflammatory infiltrate and newly composed capillaries which come into direct contact with the tumor cells. These changes lead to cancer invasion.

scholarly journals The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

scholarly journals Pharmacological targeting of host chaperones protects from pertussis toxin in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Ernst ◽  
Ann-Katrin Mittler ◽  
Veronika Winkelmann ◽  
Carolin Kling ◽  
Nina Eberhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Pharmacological Chaperone ◽  
Infant Mouse ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

AbstractWhooping cough is caused by Bordetella pertussis that releases pertussis toxin (PT) which comprises enzyme A-subunit PTS1 and binding/transport B-subunit. After receptor-mediated endocytosis, PT reaches the endoplasmic reticulum from where unfolded PTS1 is transported to the cytosol. PTS1 ADP-ribosylates G-protein α-subunits resulting in increased cAMP signaling. Here, a role of target cell chaperones Hsp90, Hsp70, cyclophilins and FK506-binding proteins for cytosolic PTS1-uptake is demonstrated. PTS1 specifically and directly interacts with chaperones in vitro and in cells. Specific pharmacological chaperone inhibition protects CHO-K1, human primary airway basal cells and a fully differentiated airway epithelium from PT-intoxication by reducing intracellular PTS1-amounts without affecting cell binding or enzyme activity. PT is internalized by human airway epithelium secretory but not ciliated cells and leads to increase of apical surface liquid. Cyclophilin-inhibitors reduced leukocytosis in infant mouse model of pertussis, indicating their promising potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies against whooping cough.

scholarly journals Possible Crosstalk of the Immune Cells within the Lung and Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters in the Acute Inflammatory Lung Asthma-Like Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6878
Author(s):  
Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa ◽  
Mahmoud Mansour Abd Elwakil ◽  
Osamu Ichii ◽  
Teppei Nakamura ◽  
Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Natural Helper ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

Recently, we clarified the function of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) in the progression of several respiratory diseases. However, their role has not yet been identified in the lung asthmatic condition. Hence, we compared the immune cells in lung and MFALCs of C57BL/6N mice on days 3 and 7 following intranasal instillation of either papain (papain group “PG”) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (vehicle group “VG”). The PG showed significantly prominent MFALCs, numerous goblet cells (GCs), and higher index ratios of different immune cells (macrophages, natural helper cells (NHC), B- and T-lymphocytes) within the MFALCs and lung than in the VG on both days 3 and 7. Interestingly, a tendency of decreased size of MFALCs and a significant reduction in the number of GCs and immune cells were observed within the MFALCs and lung in the PG on day 7 than on day 3. Furthermore, the quantitative parameters of these immune cells in MFALCs were significantly and positively correlated with the size of MFALCs and immune cells in the lung. This suggested that the possible crosstalk between immune cells within MFALCs and the lung could play a critical role in the progression and recovery of the acute inflammatory lung asthma.

scholarly journals Clonal Dynamics Reveal Two Distinct Populations of Basal Cells in Slow-Turnover Airway Epithelium

Cell Reports ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Watson ◽  
Steffen Rulands ◽  
Adam C. Wilkinson ◽  
Aline Wuidart ◽  
Marielle Ousset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Slow Turnover

scholarly journals A review of protein adsorption on bioceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefeng Wang ◽  
Changchun Zhou ◽  
Youliang Hong ◽  
Xingdong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Coated Layer ◽  
Sense And Respond

Bioceramics, because of its excellent biocompatible and mechanical properties, has always been considered as the most promising materials for hard tissue repair. It is well know that an appropriate cellular response to bioceramics surfaces is essential for tissue regeneration and integration. As the in vivo implants, the implanted bioceramics are immediately coated with proteins from blood and body fluids, and it is through this coated layer that cells sense and respond to foreign implants. Hence, the adsorption of proteins is critical within the sequence of biological activities. However, the biological mechanisms of the interactions of bioceramics and proteins are still not well understood. In this review, we will recapitulate the recent studies on the bioceramic–protein interactions.

scholarly journals Basal Cells Contribute to Innate Immunity of the Airway Epithelium through Production of the Antimicrobial Protein RNase 7

2015 ◽  
Vol 194 (7) ◽  
pp. 3340-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gimano D. Amatngalim ◽  
Yolanda van Wijck ◽  
Yvonne de Mooij-Eijk ◽  
Renate M. Verhoosel ◽  
Jürgen Harder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Basal Cells

scholarly journals K009 Aldosterone plays a role in tissue repair by enhancing MMP-9 activity in immune cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. S116
Author(s):  
M. Boumenir ◽  
C. Walczak ◽  
D. Hanriot ◽  
A. Gilet ◽  
G. Poitevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair

scholarly journals Higher throughput drug screening for rare respiratory diseases: Readthrough therapy in primary ciliary dyskinesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000455
Author(s):  
Dani Do Hyang Lee ◽  
Daniela Cardinale ◽  
Ersilia Nigro ◽  
Colin R. Butler ◽  
Andrew Rutman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Translational Readthrough ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Development of therapeutic approaches for rare respiratory diseases is hampered by the lack of systems that allow medium-to-high-throughput screening of fully differentiated respiratory epithelium from affected patients. This is a particular problem for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in genes that adversely affect ciliary movement and consequently mucociliary transport. Primary cell culture of basal epithelial cells from nasal brush biopsies, followed by ciliated differentiation at air-liquid interface (ALI) has proven to be a useful tool in PCD diagnostics but the technique's broader utility, including in pre-clinical PCD research, has been restricted by the limited number of basal cells that it is possible to expand from such biopsies. Here, we describe an immunofluorescence screening method, enabled by extensive expansion of PCD patient basal cells and their culture into differentiated respiratory epithelium in miniaturised 96-well transwell format ALI cultures. Analyses of ciliary ultrastructure, beat pattern and beat frequency indicate that a range of different PCD defects can be retained in these cultures. As proof-of-principle, we performed a personalised investigation in a patient with a rare and severe form of PCD (reduced generation of motile cilia, RGMC), in this case caused by a homozygous nonsense mutation in the MCIDAS gene. The screening system allowed drugs that induce translational readthrough to be evaluated alone or in combination with nonsense-mediated decay inhibitors. Restoration of basal body formation in the patient's nasal epithelial cells was seen in vitro, suggesting a novel avenue for drug evaluation and development in PCD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document