scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Genetic Analyses Identify the Krüppel-Like Factor Dar1 as a New Regulator of Tube-Shaped Long Tendon Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Laurichesse ◽  
Blandine Moucaud ◽  
Lilia Laddada ◽  
Yoan Renaud ◽  
Krzysztof Jagla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Tendon Development ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Tendon Elongation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

To ensure locomotion and body stability, the active role of muscle contractions relies on a stereotyped muscle pattern set in place during development. This muscle patterning requires a precise assembly of the muscle fibers with the skeleton via a specialized connective tissue, the tendon. Like in vertebrate limbs, Drosophila leg muscles make connections with specific long tendons that extend through different segments. During the leg disc development, cell precursors of long tendons rearrange and collectively migrate to form a tube-shaped structure. A specific developmental program underlies this unique feature of tendon-like cells in the Drosophila model. We provide for the first time a transcriptomic profile of leg tendon precursors through fluorescence-based cell sorting. From promising candidates, we identified the Krüppel-like factor Dar1 as a critical actor of leg tendon development. Specifically expressed in the leg tendon precursors, loss of dar1 disrupts actin-rich filopodia formation and tendon elongation. Our findings show that Dar1 acts downstream of Stripe and is required to set up the correct number of tendon progenitors.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and genetic analyses identify the Krüppel-like factor dar1 as a master regulator of tube-shaped long tendon development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurichesse Quentin ◽  
Moucaud Blandine ◽  
Jagla Krzysztof ◽  
Soler Cédric
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Tendon Development ◽  
Developmental Program ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Tendon Elongation ◽  
Cytoskeleton Remodeling ◽  
A Cell ◽  
First Time

AbstractTo ensure locomotion and body stability, the active role of muscle contractions relies on a stereotyped muscle pattern set in place during development. This muscle patterning requires a precise assembly of the muscle fibers with the skeleton via a specialized connective tissue, the tendon. Despite evident disparities, little is known about the molecular basis of tendon diversity. Like in vertebrate limbs, Drosophila leg muscles make connections with specific long tendons that extend through different segments. During leg disc development, cell precursors of long tendons rearrange and collectively migrate to form a tube-shaped structure. A specific developmental program underlies this unique feature of tendon-like cells in the Drosophila model. We provide for the first time a transcriptomic profile of leg tendon precursors through fluorescence-based cell sorting. From promising candidates, we identified the Krüppel-like factor dar1 as a critical actor of leg tendon development. Specifically expressed in leg tendon precursors, loss of dar1 disrupts actin-rich filopodia formation and tendon elongation. Our findings show that dar1 acts downstream of stripe as a critical regulator of cytoskeleton remodeling and mediates the recruitment of new stripe-positive tendon progenitors in a cell non-autonomous manner.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and NO Signalling in the Root Apex as an Early Response to Changes in Gravity Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Mugnai ◽  
Camilla Pandolfi ◽  
Elisa Masi ◽  
Elisa Azzarello ◽  
Emanuela Monetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Real Microgravity ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Auxin Redistribution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
No Fluxes

Oxygen influx showed an asymmetry in the transition zone of the root apex when roots were placed horizontally on ground. The influx increased only in the upper side, while no changes were detected in the division and in the elongation zone. Nitric oxide (NO) was also monitored after gravistimulation, revealing a sudden burst only in the transition zone. In order to confirm these results in real microgravity conditions, experiments have been set up by using parabolic flights and drop tower. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also monitored. Oxygen, NO, and ROS were continuously monitored during normal and hyper- and microgravity conditions in roots of maize seedlings. A distinct signal in oxygen and NO fluxes was clearly detected only in the apex zone during microgravity, with no significant changes in normal and in hypergravity conditions. The same results were obtained by ROS measurement. The detrimental effect of D’orenone, disrupting the polarised auxin transport, on the onset of the oxygen peaks during the microgravity period was also evaluated. Results indicates an active role of NO and ROS as messengers during the gravitropic response, with probable implications in the auxin redistribution.

Avian deception using an elaborate caudal lure in Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (Serpentes: Viperidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Fathinia ◽  
Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
Fatemeh Todehdehghan ◽  
Fathollah Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
The Common ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
First Time

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides is a fascinating viper and as yet has been reported only in western Iran. An elaborated arachnid-like caudal structure is a unique feature of this viper, hence gives it the common name “Iranian spider-tailed viper”. During tail wagging, the structure is reminiscent of a moving spider. Tail movements are used for two different purposes in snakes: defense via tail vibration and hunting via both caudal luring and caudal distraction. Caudal luring in snakes is the wriggling or wagging of the posterior part of tail, in the presence of a potential prey, with conspicuous color pattern while the rest of body is cryptically colored. Previous studies have speculated on the role of caudal structure of P. urarachnoides in hunting. Our 2.5-year study has revealed that development of the structure of the caudal lure is commenced after birth and is linearly correlated to snout-vent length. The caudal lure attracts some species of birds. Caudal luring behavior is carried out both in the presence and absence of birds. The findings are reported for the first time and confirmed by direct observation of undisturbed individuals in the field.

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS): Are We Ready For The New Millenium?

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Traffic Surveillance ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
First Time

In 1948, the port of Liverpool was probably the pioneer of European VTS, when they set up a radar station, in order to facilitate the boarding of pilots from the cutter. In 1951, Long Beach in California established a radar and VHF to facilitate port operations. Le Havre established another system and so, gradually, other ports followed. At this time commercial radar was comparatively new, and made it possible for the first time, under almost all weather conditions, to observe vessel traffic from the shore. In combination with VHF radio, a traffic surveillance system was achieved and real- time information exchange between the shore and ships became possible. Nevertheless, it was not until 1985 that the role of VTS in connection with navigation safety, traffic efficiency and environmental protection gained international recognition. This recognition is contained in an IMO resolution, which constitutes the VTS guidelines.

Isolated and Embedded Silicon Based Nanodots: the Role of Surface Oxygen

2002 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Luppi ◽  
Stefano Ossicini
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Interface Region ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Density Functional Theory ◽  
Oxidized Porous Silicon ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTWe have extensively studied the effects of oxygen on the optoelectronics properties of various types of isolated silicon nanodots, through ab initio total energy calculations within the density functional theory. Varying the cluster size we have considered different Si/O bonding geometries and different levels of oxidation. We provide strong evidences that the role of the interface region surrounding the silicon nanostructures have to be carefully taken into account in order to understand the striking optical properties of these systems. Moreover the multiple presence of silanone Si=O bonds at the nanodots surface is shown to provide a consistent interpretation of the photoluminescence red-shift observed in oxidized porous silicon samples. Finally for the first time we have performed ab initio calculations on small silicon nanodots embedded in a SiO2 matrix stressing the strong interplay between the nanodot and the surrounding host environment and the active role of the interface region between them.

What is the role of surgical simulation on operative opportunity for the trainee ENT surgeon?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
E J R Noon ◽  
A Singh ◽  
A Hall
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Training ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Simulation Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objective This study sought to assess the impact of simulation training in influencing trainees’ initial surgical participation as perceived by experienced surgeon trainers. Methods Twenty ENT surgeons assessed how much of a given procedure they would expect to allow a trainee to perform for their first time. Responses were provided for trainees who had undergone a relevant simulation course and those who had not, and scored according to the eLogbook levels of involvement in surgery. This was completed for simulated procedures with validated models, across four grades of junior doctors. Results A total of 1120 judgements on the trainees’ intended level of involvement were made. The median involvement score was higher in the simulation group versus the non-simulation group (Mann–Whitney U, p = 0.0001), corresponding to a translation in surgical opportunity from a primarily assisting role to an active role. Conclusion Trainer perception of a relevant ENT simulation course appears to positively impact on the initial surgical opportunities afforded to the trainee.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

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