scholarly journals Current Research Progress of the Role of LncRNA LEF1-AS1 in a Variety of Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Zheng ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Menggang Zhang ◽  
Shuijun Zhang ◽  
Wenzhi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Relationship

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), as key regulators of cell proliferation and death, are involved in the regulation of various processes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, involving biological developmental processes in the fields of immunology, neurobiology, cancer, and stress. There is great scientific interest in exploring the relationship between lncRNA and tumors. Many researches revealed that lymph enhancer-binding factor 1-antisense RNA 1 (LEF1-AS1), a recently discovered lncRNA, is downregulated in myeloid malignancy, acting mainly as a tumor suppressor, while it is highly expressed and carcinogenic in glioblastoma (GBM), lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer (CRC), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), prostatic carcinoma, retinoblastoma, and other malignant tumors. Furthermore, abnormal LEF1-AS1 expression was associated with tumorigenesis, development, survival, and prognosis via the regulation of target genes and signaling pathways. This review summarizes the existing data on the expression, functions, underlying mechanism, relevant signaling pathways, and clinical significance of LEF1-AS1 in cancer. It is concluded that LEF1-AS1 can serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various tumors, thus deserves further attention in the future.

scholarly journals Research Progress of miRNA Regulating Cell Signaling Pathways Related to Hepatocarcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xingwu Yang ◽  
Guotai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tumor Cell Proliferation ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in clinical practice. The pathogenesis of HCC is still unclear. Currently, the clinical treatment of HCC is poorly targeted and the therapeutic effect is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence of HCC, and they are mainly involved in the occurrence and development of HCC through binding to target genes or acting on related signaling pathways. In recent years, studies have shown that miRNA can be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. In addition, studies have also shown that miRNA plays a tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting role in the process of HCC by regulating the biological processes of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. In this paper, the recent studies on miRNA signaling pathways related to the occurrence and development of HCC were reviewed, with a view to providing ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

The Role of FTO in Tumors and It’s Research Progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wei ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Shi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

Background: A malignant tumor is a disease that seriously threatens human health. At present, more and more research results show that the pathogenesis of different tumors is very complicated, and the methods of clinical treatment are also diverse. This review analyzes and summarizes the role of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genes in different tumors and provides a reference value for research and drug treatment methods. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using the database. According to the article's primary purpose, irrelevant articles were excluded from the research summary and included in the relevant articles. Finally, the relevant information of the article was summarized. Result: In this article, the relationship between malignant tumors and FTO is introduced by citing many documents. In addition, the inhibitors that act on FTO are listed. Conclusion: This article has shown that FTO protein is a demethylase that can regulate N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in mRNA and plays a crucial role in the progression and resistance of various tumors such as leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Signaling of Cancer Stem Cells During Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaoqu Liu ◽  
Yuqing Ren ◽  
Lingfang Meng ◽  
Lifeng Li ◽  
Richard Beatson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Smad Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

Malignant tumors pose a great challenge to human health, which has led to many studies increasingly elucidating the tumorigenic process. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have profound impacts on tumorigenesis and development of drug resistance. Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between inflammation and CSCs but the mechanism underlying this relationship has not been fully elucidated. Inflammatory cytokines produced during chronic inflammation activate signaling pathways that regulate the generation of CSCs through epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the effects of inflammation on cancer stem cells, particularly the role of signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathway, STAT3 pathway and Smad pathway involved in regulating epigenetic changes. We hope to provide a novel perspective for improving strategies for tumor treatment.

scholarly journals Coordinative control of G2/M phase of the cell cycle by non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shi ◽  
Guangqiang Ye ◽  
Guoliang Zhao ◽  
Xuedong Wang ◽  
Chunhui Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Model ◽  
Microarray Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Objective To investigate the interaction of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods We compared the ncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent tissue by microarray and RT-PCR. The relationship between different ncRNAs and mRNA was analyzed using bioinformatics tools. A regulatory model of ncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cells was developed. Results A total of 1,704 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 57 miRNAs, and 2,093 mRNAs were identified by microarray analyses. There is a co-expression relationship between two ncRNAs (miRNA-125b-2-3p and lncRNA P26302). Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and CyclinA2 as potential targets of miR-125b-2-3p and Polo-like kinase 1 as potential target of lncRNAP26302. All three gene are important components in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Subsequently real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies confirmed these microarray results. Conclusion MiR-125b-2-3p and lncRNAP26302 may affect the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through the regulation of their respective target genes. This study shows a role of ncRNAs in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma at molecular level, providing a basis for the future investigation aiming at early diagnosis and novel treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of MiR-192-5p in Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-jia Ren ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiao-yu Cai ◽  
Guo-ying Fang
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in numerous biological processes by regulating the post-transcriptional expression of target genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-192-5p, a member of the miR-192 family, partakes in several human diseases, especially various cancers, including cancers of the lung, liver, and breast. Importantly, the levels of miR-192-5p are abundant in biofluids, including the serum and urine, and the exosomal levels of miR-192-5p in circulation can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection disease. Notably, recent studies suggest that miR-192-5p is regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, there are no comprehensive overviews on the role of miR-192-5p in human diseases. This review discusses the significant studies on the role of miR-192-5p in various human diseases, with special emphasis on the diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems.

scholarly journals miR-152 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of chordoma cells by targeting HOXC8

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 5185-5193
Author(s):  
Xinyun Fang ◽  
Renchun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Downstream Effectors ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that affect the expression of their target genes by binding to the 3′-untranslated region. miR-152 has been identified as a critical modulator in tumorigenesis, but its role in chordoma has not been explored. We therefore investigated the role of miR-152 in regulating chordoma cell behavior, and examined the downstream effectors of miR-152. Materials and methods We examined the expression of miR-152 in two human chordoma cell lines and in a normal human embryonic kidney cell line. We also analyzed the relationship between miR-152 and homeobox C8 ( HOXC8) by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. We determined the effects of miR-152 and HOXC8 expression on chordoma cell behavior. Results miR-152 expression was downregulated in chordoma compared with normal cells. Meanwhile, miR-152 overexpression inhibited chordoma cell proliferation and invasion. The oncogene HOXC8 was a direct target of miR-152, as shown by luciferase reporter and western blot assays. Conclusions HOXC8 acted as an effector for the suppressive role of miR-152 in chordoma, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target in patients with chordoma.

A comprehensive review of online resources for microRNA–diseases associations: the state of the art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran ◽  
Samaneh Rezaei ◽  
Amin Jalili ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Mrna Targets ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as small 19- to 24-nucleotide noncoding RNAs regulate several mRNA targets and signaling pathways. Therefore, miRNAs are considered key regulators in cellular pathways as well as various pathologies. There is substantial interest in the relationship between disease and miRNAs, which made that one of the important research topics. Interestingly, miRNAs emerged as an attractive approach for clinical application, not only as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or in the prediction of therapy response but also as therapeutic tools. For these purposes, the identification of crucial miRNAs in disease is very important. Databases provided valuable experimental and computational miRNAs–disease information in an accessible and comprehensive manner, such as miRNA target genes, miRNA related in signaling pathways and miRNA involvement in various diseases. In this review, we summarized miRNAs–disease databases in two main categories based on the general or specific diseases. In these databases, researchers could search diseases to identify critical miRNAs and developed that for clinical applications. In another way, by searching particular miRNAs, they could recognize in which disease these miRNAs would be dysregulated. Despite the significant development that has been done in these databases, there are still some limitations, such as not being updated and not providing uniform and detailed information that should be resolved in future databases. This survey can be helpful as a comprehensive reference for choosing a suitable database by researchers and as a guideline for comparing the features and limitations of the database by developer or designer. Short abstract We summarized miRNAs–disease databases that researchers could search disease to identify critical miRNAs and developed that for clinical applications. This survey can help choose a suitable database for researchers.

scholarly journals Targeting Signaling Pathway Networks in Several Malignant Tumors: Progresses and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdan He ◽  
Xiaoni Shao ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Ribu Gihu ◽  
Haochen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
New Treatment

Malignant tumors remain the health problem of highest concern among people worldwide due to its high mortality and recurrence. Lung, gastric, liver, colon, and breast cancers are among the top five malignant tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality. In cancer biology, aberrant signaling pathway regulation is a prevalent theme that drives the generation, metastasis, invasion, and other processes of all malignant tumors. The Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch and NF-kB pathways are widely concerned and signal crosstalks exist in the five solid tumors. This review provides an innovative summary of the recent progress in research on these signaling pathways, the underlying mechanism of the molecules involved in these pathways, and the important role of some miRNAs in tumor-related signaling pathways. It also presents a brief review of the antitumor molecular drugs that target these signaling pathways. This review may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular biological mechanism of malignant tumors and vital information for the development of new treatment strategies with a focus on efficacy and the reduction of side effects.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a useful therapeutic target in hepatoblastoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Li Sha ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Wen-Wen Yan ◽  
Bo Dong
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Neurokinin 1 ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Hepatoblastoma is a malignant tumor in the liver of children that generally occurs at the age of 2–3 years. There have been ample evidence from the preclinical as well as clinical studies suggesting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatoblastoma, which is mainly attributed to the somatic mutations in the exon 3 of β-catenin gene. There is increased translocation of β-catenin protein from the cell surface to cytoplasm and nucleus and intracellular accumulation is directly linked to the severity of the cancer. Accordingly, the alterations in β-catenin and its target genes may be used as markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of pediatric live tumors. Furthermore, scientists have reported the therapeutic usefulness of inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatoblastoma and this inhibition of signaling has been done using different methods including short interfering RNA (siRNA), miRNA and pharmacological agents. Wnt/β-catenin works in association with other signaling pathways to induce the development of hepatoblastoma including Yes-associated protein (YAP)1 (YAP-1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 1 (mTOR-1), SLC38A1, glypican 3 (GPC3), nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), epidermal growth factor receptor, ERK1/2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), regenerating islet-derived 1 and 3 α (REG1A and 3A), substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor and PARP-1. The present review describes the key role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the development of hepatoblastoma. Moreover, the role of other signaling pathways in hepatoblastoma in association with Wnt/β-catenin has also been described.

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