Systematic Characterization and Identification of Saikosaponins in Extracts From Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum Using UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS

Saikosaponins comprise a large group of chemical components present in the Bupleurum species that have attracted attention in the field of medicine because of their significant biological activities. Due to the high polarity, structural similarity, and the presence of several isomers of this class of components, their structural identification is extremely challenging. In this study, the mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways, UV spectral features, and chromatographic behavior of different types of saikosaponins were investigated using 24 standard substances. Saikosaponins containing carbonyl groups (C=O) in the aglycone produced fragment ions by loss of 30 Da, and in addition, type IV saikosaponins could produce [aglycone−CH2OH−OH−H]− and [aglycone−H2O−H]− fragment ions through neutral losses at positions C16 and C17. The above characteristic ions can be used to identify saikosaponins. More notably, the identification process of saikosaponins was systematically summarized, and using this method, 109 saikosaponins were identified or tentatively characterized from the saikosaponins extract of Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (BMS) using UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS with both data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) modes, of which 25 were new compounds and 60 were first discovered from BMS. Further studies revealed that the saikosaponins profiles of BMS, Bupleurum chinense DC (BC), and Bupleurum marginatum Wall. ex DC (BMW) were very similar. This work is of great significance for the basic research of the Bupleurum species and provides strong technical support to solve the resource problems associated with Radix Bupleuri.

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Antimicrobial Potential of Benzimidazole Derived Molecules

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557517666171101104024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 624-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yogita Bansal ◽

Manjinder Kaur ◽

Gulshan Bansal

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Benzimidazole Derivative ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Living System ◽

Axial Ligand ◽

Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽

Research Groups ◽

Structural Resemblance ◽

Privileged Structure ◽

Anti Hiv

Structural resemblance of benzimidazole nucleus with purine nucleus in nucleotides makes benzimidazole derivatives attractive ligands to interact with biopolymers of a living system. The most prominent benzimidazole compound in nature is N-ribosyldimethylbenzimidazole, which serves as an axial ligand for cobalt in vitamin B12. This structural similarity prompted medicinal chemists across the globe to synthesize a variety of benzimidazole derivatives and to screen those for various biological activities, such as anticancer, hormone antagonist, antiviral, anti-HIV, anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, antiallergic, coagulant, anticoagulant, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Hence, benzimidazole nucleus is considered as a privileged structure in drug discovery, and it is exploited by many research groups to develop numerous compounds that are purported to be antimicrobial. Despite a large volume of research in this area, no novel benzimidazole derived compound has emerged as clinically effective antimicrobial drug. In the present review, we have compiled various reports on benzimidazole derived antimicrobials, classified as monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted benzimidazoles, bisbenzimidazoles, fused-benzimidazoles, and benzimidazole derivative-metal complexes. The purpose is to collate these research reports, and to generate a generalised outlay of benzimidazole derived molecules that can assist the medicinal chemists in selecting appropriate combination of substituents around the nucleus for designing potent antimicrobials.

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ChemInform Abstract: Selective Type IV Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as Antiasthmatic Agents. The Syntheses and Biological Activities of 3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4- methoxybenzamides and Analogues.

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.199443106 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (43) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

M. J. ASHTON ◽

D. C. COOK ◽

G. FENTON ◽

J.-A. KARLSSON ◽

M. N. PALFREYMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽

Type Iv ◽

Type Iv Phosphodiesterase

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Chemical Profiles and Simultaneous Quantification of Aurantii fructus by Use of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with GC-MS and HPLC Methods

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yingjie He ◽

Zongkai Li ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Suren Sooranna ◽

Yiting Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Quality Control ◽

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Gradient Elution ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tof Ms

Aurantii fructus (AF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to improve gastrointestinal motility disorders for over a thousand years, but there is no exhaustive identification of the basic chemical components and comprehensive quality control of this herb. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to identify the basic chemical compounds, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the major biochemical markers from AF extract. There were 104 compounds belonging to eight structure types, including 13 amino acids or peptides, seven alkaloids, 18 flavanones, 14 flavones, 15 polymethoxyflavonoids, six triterpenoids, nine coumarins, and 18 volatile oils, as well as four other compounds that were systematically identified as the basic components from AF, and among them, 41 compounds were reported for the first time. Twelve bioactive ingredients were chosen as the benchmark markers to evaluate the quality of AF. The analysis was completed with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min within 55 min. This efficient method was validated showing good linearity, precision, stability, repeatability and recovery. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 12 chemical markers in different samples of AF. This study could be applied to the identification of multiple bioactive substances and improve the quality control of AF.

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Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Genus Phyllanthus: A Review of the Recent Literature

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102567 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2567 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Muhammad Nisar ◽

Junwei He ◽

Arsalan Ahmed ◽

Youxin Yang ◽

Mingxi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Underdeveloped Countries ◽

The Family ◽

Males And Females ◽

Loss Of Appetite ◽

The Tropics

Medicinal plants have served humans since prehistoric times to treat various ailments. Both developed and underdeveloped countries rely on traditional systems of medication using natural sources from plants. Phyllanthus is one of the largest genus in the family Phyllanthaceae, comprising over 700 well known species cosmopolitan in distribution mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Phyllanthus species are being in constant used in traditional medications to cure an array of human diseases (constipation, inhalation related, arthritis, loss of appetite, injuries, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea, running nose, common cold, malaria, blennorrhagia, colic, diabetes mellitus, dysentery, indigestion, fever, gout, gonorrheal diseases of males and females, skin itching, jaundice, hepatic disorders, leucorrhea, vaginitis, menstrual irregularities, obesity, stomach pains, and tumors), confectionaries, food industry, and in some pesticides. Phyllanthus species are rich in diversity of phytochemicals e.g., tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, glycosidic compounds, saponins, and flavones etc. More in depth studies are a direly needed to identify more compounds with specific cellular functions to treat various ailments.

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Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10040572 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 572

Author(s):

Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli ◽

Abhay Bhardwaj ◽

Vinay Bhardwaj ◽

Anket Sharma ◽

Namarta Kalia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Food Crops ◽

Growth Modulation ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Cancerous Cell ◽

Synthetic Steroids ◽

Multicellular Organisms

Steroids are a pivotal class of hormones with a key role in growth modulation and signal transduction in multicellular organisms. Synthetic steroids are widely used to cure large array of viral, fungal, bacterial, and cancerous infections. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a natural collection of phytosterols, which have structural similarity with animal steroids. BRs are dispersed universally throughout the plant kingdom. These plant steroids are well known to modulate a plethora of physiological responses in plants leading to improvement in quality as well as yield of food crops. Moreover, they have been found to play imperative role in stress-fortification against various stresses in plants. Over a decade, BRs have conquered worldwide interest due to their diverse biological activities in animal systems. Recent studies have indicated anticancerous, antiangiogenic, antiviral, antigenotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial bioactivities of BRs in the animal test systems. BRs inhibit replication of viruses and induce cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines. Keeping in view the biological activities of BRs, this review is an attempt to update the information about prospects of BRs in biomedical and clinical application.

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Parallelism of Chemicostructural Properties between Filgrastim Originator and Three of Its Biosimilar Drugs

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/2751461 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alessandra Gianoncelli ◽

Michela Bertuzzi ◽

Michela Guarienti ◽

Sara Vezzoli ◽

Sara Anna Bonini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Reference Product ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Functional Assay ◽

Biological Drugs ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Rp Hplc

The approval and granting of marketing authorization for a putative biosimilar is based on strong comparability studies with its biological reference product. This is due to the complexity of the structure and nature of the manufacturing process of biological drugs. Hence, a rigorous analytical workflow for chemical characterization and clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety is required to demonstrate their high similarities to the reference drug. This work is focused on the comparison of the originator of filgrastim with three of its biosimilars by evaluating their structural similarity and biological activity. Qualiquantitative analyses were performed by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and RP-HPLC-UV. An innovative functional assay using zebrafish as the animal model was developed to evaluate the biological activities of the drugs. The different analyses performed in this study highlighted the structural similarity of biosimilar drugs and their originator. This result was further confirmed by a similar in vivo biological activity.

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The Difference of Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Raw Products slices and the Wine Steam-Processed Product from Cistanche deserticola

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/2167947 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying Zhang ◽

Yuewu Wang ◽

Song Yang ◽

Yunfeng Xiao ◽

Haibin Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Principal Component ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Kidney Deficiency ◽

Cistanche Deserticola

As a well-known Chinese herb medicine, the Cistanche deserticola has been used for the treatment of kidney deficiency syndrome in China for thousands of years. Both the raw product of Cistanche deserticola slices (RCD) and its Wine Steam-Processed Product (WSCD) are used clinically for different effects. In this study, the influences of steaming process with wine (SPW) from Cistanche deserticola on chemical compositions and biological effects were investigated. The principal component analysis (PCA) and quantitative analysis were used to study the differences of the chemical compositions. The effects of nourishing kidney were also investigated to compare the differences between the RCD and the WSCD. The PCA results indicated that the obvious separation was achieved in the RCD and WSCD. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the WSCD has higher amounts of total polysaccharides, total PhGs, isoacteoside, and osmanthuside B than RCD, while the content of 2′-acetylacteoside and acteoside decreased after the SPW. The comparison of RCD and WSCD on biological activities showed that both could restore the level of sex hormone in the model of kidney-yang deficiency and improve the antioxidant effect. The WSCD were much better in increasing the viscera weight of kidney and seminal vesicle. The results indicated that SPW changed its chemical components and enhanced its biological activities.

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Biological activities and chemical components of Potentilla kleiniana Wight & Arn

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2018.1557171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (22) ◽

pp. 3262-3266

Author(s):

Song Hua Xuan ◽

In Ki Hong ◽

Yun Ju Lee ◽

Ji Woong Kim ◽

Soo Nam Park

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Components

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Rapid Analysis of the Main Components of the Total Glycosides of Ranunculus japonicus by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500521 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500

Author(s):

Wen Rui ◽

Hongyuan Chen ◽

Yuzhi Tan ◽

Yanmei Zhong ◽

Yifan Feng

Keyword(s):

Relevant Literature ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Flavonoid Glycosides ◽

Complex Samples ◽

Flavonoid Aglycones ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Fragment Ions ◽

Main Components ◽

Acquity Uplc ◽

Tof Ms

A rapid method for the analysis of the main components of the total glycosides of Ranunculus japonicus (TGOR) was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The separation analysis was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC system and the accurate mass of molecules and their fragment ions were determined by Q-TOF MS. Twenty compounds, including lactone glycosides, flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglycones, were identified and tentatively deduced on the basis of their elemental compositions, MS/MS data and relevant literature. The results demonstrated that lactone glycosides and flavonoids were the main constituents of TGOR. Furthermore, an effective and rapid pattern was established allowing for the comprehensive and systematic characterization of the complex samples.

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