scholarly journals Myokines in Acromegaly: An Altered Irisin Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Mizera ◽  
Jowita Halupczok-Żyła ◽  
Katarzyna Kolačkov ◽  
Agnieszka Zembska ◽  
Jędrzej Grzegrzółka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

IntroductionThe muscle is an endocrine organ controlling metabolic homeostasis. Irisin and myostatin are key myokines mediating this process. Acromegaly is a chronic disease with a wide spectrum of complications, including metabolic disturbances.PurposeTo examine the influence of acromegaly on irisin and myostatin secretion and their contribution to metabolic profile and body composition.Materials and MethodsIn 43 patients with acromegaly and 60 controls, serum levels of irisin, myostatin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), parameters of glucose, and lipid metabolism were determined. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.ResultsThe irisin concentration was significantly lower in patients with acromegaly compared to controls (3.91 vs. 5.09 μg/ml, p = 0.006). There were no correlations between irisin and GH/IGF-1 levels. In the study group, irisin was negatively correlated with fasting insulin (r = −0.367; p = 0.042), HOMA-IR (r = −0.510; p = 0.011), and atherogenic factors: Castelli I (r = −0.416; p = 0.005), Castelli II (r = −0.400; p = 0.001), and atherogenic coefficient (AC) (r = −0.417; p = 0.05). Irisin and myostatin concentrations were also lower in acromegalics with insulin resistance than without (2.80 vs. 4.18 μg/ml, p = 0.047; 81.46 vs. 429.58 ng/L, p = 0.018, respectively). There were no differences between study group and controls in myostatin concentration. Myostatin levels negatively correlated with GH (r = −0.306; p = 0.049), HOMA-IR (r = −0.046; p = 0.411), and insulin levels (r = −0.429; p = 0.016).ConclusionsDecreased irisin concentrations in acromegaly may suggest impaired hormonal muscle function contributing to metabolic complications in this disorder. However, learning more about the association between myostatin and GH in acromegaly requires further studies. Nevertheless, it appears that myostatin is not critical for muscle mass regulation in acromegaly.

scholarly journals Exercise Alone Reduces Insulin Resistance in Obese Children Independently of Changes in Body Composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 4230-4235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana M. Bell ◽  
Katie Watts ◽  
Aris Siafarikas ◽  
Alisha Thompson ◽  
Nirubasini Ratnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exercise Training Program

Abstract Context: The number of obese children with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is increasing, but the best management strategy is not clear. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a structured 8-wk exercise training program on insulin resistance and changes in body composition in obese children. Design: The study was 8 wk of structured supervised exercise intervention with outcome measures before and after the exercise period. Subjects: Fourteen obese children (12.70 ± 2.32 yr; eight male, six female) with high fasting insulin levels were enrolled into the study. Intervention: Intervention consisted of 8 wk of supervised circuit-based exercise training, composed of three fully supervised 1-h sessions per week. Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were assessed pretraining program and posttraining program and included insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies), fasting insulin and glucose levels, body composition using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, lipid profile, and liver function tests. Results: Insulin sensitivity improved significantly after 8 wk of training (Mlbm 8.20 ± 3.44 to 10.03 ± 4.33 mg/kg·min, P < 0.05). Submaximal exercise heart rate responses were significantly lower following the training (P < 0.05), indicating an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans revealed no differences in lean body mass or abdominal fat mass. Conclusion: An 8-wk exercise training program increases insulin sensitivity in obese children, and this improvement occurred in the presence of increased cardiorespiratory fitness but is independent of measurable changes in body composition.

scholarly journals Changes in Adipokines following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Chinese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and BMI of 22–30 kg·m−2

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrama Shrestha ◽  
Honghui He ◽  
Yiqun Liu ◽  
Shaihong Zhu ◽  
Jing Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Chinese Subjects

Aims.Although altered endocrine changes following bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients with diabetes have been demonstrated by previous studies, little is known about their effects on low BMI patients of T2DM. We investigated the changes in adipokines and sICAM-1 in Chinese subjects with low BMI and T2DM after LRYGB and explored their relationship with postsurgical insulin sensitivity.Methods.Plasma levels of adiponectin, sICAM-1, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting insulin and serum levels of visfatin were measured before and at three months after LRYGB in 33 T2DM patients with BMI of 22–30 kg·m−2.Results.Significant reductions in anthropometric measurements and indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism and moderate reductions in insulin resistance and fasting insulin were observed at three months after LRYGB. Postoperative adiponectin level (P<0.001) was increased compared to the preoperative level, whereas visfatin (P<0.001) and sICAM-1 (P<0.001) were lower than that before surgery. Serum adiponectin negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and FIns both preoperatively and at three months after surgery, and visfatin positively correlated with HOMA-IR and FIns both preoperatively and postoperatively.Conclusion.Changes in adipokines were related to an improvement in postsurgical insulin sensitivity, which was predicted by weight loss after LRYGB even in low BMI patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals AB0267 BODY COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1432.2-1432
Author(s):  
N. Toroptsova ◽  
O. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
N. Demin ◽  
L. Shornikova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Osteosarcopenic Obesity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory disease that modifies body composition. Using the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in RA patients could be a method for body composition changes detection.Objectives:To study the body composition using DXA in patients with RA.Methods:The study involved 79 women with RA, median age 60 [55; 65] years. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry using «Discovery A» (Hologic, USA). Assessment of body composition was carried out, using the program «Whole body». Sarcopenia (SP) was diagnosed as a decrease in appendicular mass index (AMI) <6.0 kg/m2. Osteoporosis (OP) was diagnosed as a decrease in T-score <-2.5 SD. Osteosarcopenia was determined when T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2, osteosarcopenic obesity - T-score was <-1.0 SD, AMI was <6.0 kg/m2and total fat was >35%.Results:The mean duration of RA was 9 [3; 11] years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.6±4.8 kg/m2. Disease activity score in 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 4.5±1.3 points for the group. 39 (49.3%) patients used oral glucocorticoids continuously. Appendicular muscle mass and AMI were on average 17.8±3.0 kg and 6.8±1.0 kg/m2, respectively. AMI <6 kg/m2was detected in 20 (25.3%) patients. 56 (70.9%) women with RA had total fat > 35%, while only 22 (27.8%) of women with RA had obesity according to BMI (BMI >30 kg/m2). Isolated OP was found in 13 (16.5%), osteosarcopenia in 7 (8.9%) and osteosarcopenic obesity in 13 (16.5%) patients RA. No cases with isolated sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity were detected. Only 3 (3.8%) patients did not have appendicular muscle mass, AMI and BMD decrease and overfat or obesity.Conclusion:About 97% women with RA had abnormal body composition phenotype: 16,5% - OP, 8.9% -osteosarcopenia, 16,5% - osteosarcopenic obesity and 54,4% - overfat.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Screening for asymptomatic diabetes and metabolic comorbidities in pediatric patients during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Larouche ◽  
Caroline Bellavance ◽  
Pauline Tibout ◽  
Sebastien Bergeron ◽  
David Simonyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Oncology Unit ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Objectives Chronic metabolic disturbances related to cancer treatment are well reported among survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, few studies have investigated the incidence of these complications during the phase of chemotherapy. We evaluated the incidence of acute metabolic complications occurring during therapy in our cohort of patients diagnosed with ALL. Methods A prospective study involving 50 ALL pediatric patients diagnosed and treated between 2012 and 2016 in our oncology unit. We collected weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) levels during the two years of therapy. Results Obesity and overweight occurred in 43 and 25%, respectively among patients and have been reached at 12 months of chemotherapy. About 26% of the patients developed high blood pressure and 14% experienced hyperglycemias without meeting diabetes criteria. There was a significant decrease of HBA1c levels between the beginning and the end of therapy (p<0.0001). Conclusions Increase of body mass index in our ALL pediatric patients occurred during the first months of therapy and plateaued after a year of treatment. We should target this population for early obesity prevention. HbA1c levels measured during therapy did not reveal diabetes criteria. Hence, fasting blood glucose levels are sufficient to monitor ALL pediatric patients’ glycemia.

scholarly journals Body composition, lipid profile and mediterranean diet adherence in cardiovascular disease patients attending a long-term exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Linan Pinto ◽  
R Pinto ◽  
S Charneca ◽  
J Vasques ◽  
M Lemos Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Complications

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as a major public health issue and remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is a clear association between adiposity, blood lipid profile, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) with the risk of CVD. However, the assessment of body composition parameters, dietary patterns and nutritional intervention in CVD patients undergoing a cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program remains insufficient.  Purpose  to characterize body composition, lipid profile and MD adherence in patients with CVD who were attending an exercise-based CR program during COVID-19 era.  Methods  The study was developed between October 2020 and January 2021 in a phase III centre-based CR program. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Hologic Explorer-W. Adherence to the MD was assessed by the 14-item MD questionnaire. Fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of lipid profile.  Results  A sample of 41 patients (mean age 64.4 ± 7.9 years, 87.8% male) was evaluated. The most prevalent CVD were coronary artery disease (89.5%) and heart failure (21.1%). The main CVD risk factors at admission in the CR program were dyslipidaemia (71.1%), hypertension (68.4%), physical inactivity (26.3%) and diabetes mellitus (21.0%). In our sample the mean body mass index was 28 ± 3.8 kg/m2, being most patients overweight (75.6%), and having a substantially increased risk of metabolic complications (85.3%) accordingly to waist-hip ratio. Body composition assessment showed that 14.6% of the patients had a body fat mass index above 90th percentile. Although only 9.8% of the patients had reduced fat free mass, 17.1% showed appendicular lean mass below the reference value. In addition, less than one third of the patients (31.7%) revealed a high adherence to the MD pattern. A sub-analysis on blood lipids (n = 26) showed that most patients had levels of LDL cholesterol (76.9%) and non-HDL cholesterol (65.4%) above the therapeutic target and 15.4% had triglycerides higher than 150 mg/dl.  Conclusion  Body composition, lipid profile and dietary patterns, play a major role in CVD secondary prevention. Our findings showed that a substantial number of CVD patients, in COVID-19 era, did not have optimal body composition, were above lipid profile targets, and had a low/medium adherence to the MD. Thus, this study highlights the relevance of nutrition on cardiometabolic status and demonstrates the crucial role of nutritional intervention as an integrated part of a long-term phase III CR program. Moreover, further research about nutritional intervention in patients undergoing CR is warranted.

scholarly journals Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Alters Fat and Glucose Metabolism in a Low-Birthweight Piglet Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2561
Author(s):  
Parniyan Goodarzi ◽  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Kennedy Roberts ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Cedrick Ndhumba Shili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Type 3

Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with metabolic complications, such as glucose and lipid metabolism disturbances in early life. The objective of this study was to assess: (1) the effect of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on glucose and fat metabolism in an LBW piglet model, and (2) the role peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5HT3) receptors in regulating the feeding behavior in LBW piglets fed with Trp-supplemented diets. Seven-day-old piglets were assigned to 4 treatments: normal birthweight-0%Trp (NBW-T0), LBW-0%Trp (LBW-T0), LBW-0.4%Trp (LBW-T0.4), and LBW-0.8%Trp (LBW-T0.8) for 3 weeks. Compared to LBW-T0, the blood glucose was decreased in LBW-T0.8 at 60 min following the meal test, and the triglycerides were lower in LBW-T0.4 and LBW-T0.8. Relative to LBW-T0, LBW-T0.8 had a lower transcript and protein abundance of hepatic glucose transporter-2, a higher mRNA abundance of glucokinase, and a lower transcript of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. LBW-T0.4 tended to have a lower protein abundance of sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 in the jejunum. In comparison with LBW-T0, LBW-T0.4 and LBW-T0.8 had a lower transcript of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and LBW-T0.4 had a higher transcript of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Blocking 5-HT3 receptors with ondansetron reduced the feed intake in all groups, with a transient effect on LBW-T0, but more persistent effect on LBW-T0.8 and NBW-T0. In conclusion, Trp supplementation reduced the hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, but increased the glycolysis in LBW piglets. Peripheral serotonin is likely involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, particularly in LBW piglets fed diets supplemented with a higher dose of Trp.

Clinical Impact of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 676-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Huguet ◽  
Lida Rodas ◽  
Miquel Blasco ◽  
Luis F. Quintana ◽  
Jordi Mercadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Regional Citrate Anticoagulation ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Heparin Group ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Citrate Anticoagulation

Background Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is being used increasingly in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) as a safer alternative to heparin. However, complex metabolic control to avoid side effects have generated discrepancies about its introduction into everyday practice. We aimed to compare both anticoagulation techniques in terms of efficacy, safety and feasibility. Methods Observational retrospective study performed in 3 specialized ICUs in patients receiving CVVHDF with RCA between January 2013 and May 2016. Heparin-treated patients matched by age, sex and disease severity treated in the preceding year were selected as historic controls. Filter lifetime, number of filters used, haemorrhagic complications and metabolic complications were recorded. Results 54 patients (27 treated with RCA and 27 with heparin) were included in the study. Filter lifetimes in the first 72 hours were 55.1 ± 21.8 hours in the RCA group compared to 38.8 ± 24.8 hours in the heparin group, (p = 0.004). In addition, the number of filters used in the first 72 hours was significantly higher in the heparin group (2.4 ± 1.3 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7; p = 0.004). There was a trend toward a lower incidence of bleeding in the RCA group, with a significantly lower red blood cell transfusion rate (p = 0.027) in the citrate group. No clinically significant metabolic disturbances were observed in the RCA group. Regarding outcomes, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions These results suggest that the implementation of CVVHDF with RCA using concentrated citrate solutions prolongs filter lifetime, achieves a longer effective hemodiafiltration time and is a safe and feasible method.

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