scholarly journals Achieving Chinese Carbon Neutrality Based on Water–Temperature–Radiation–Land Coupling Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinglin Tian ◽  
Di Xie ◽  
Tiejian Li ◽  
Jiaye Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  

Facing irreversible and catastrophic changes on the earth, China has committed to peak the net carbon emission by 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. The pledge requires significant mitigation immediately and sustainably. Considering this background, some perspectives are given in this article based on the comprehensive use of natural resources. First, utilizing the STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model and statistical data, net carbon emissions of provinces in China are anticipated, which lays a foundation for the further “three-step” carbon neutralization route. Second, a strategy of water–temperature–radiation–land coupling use is proposed, considering 1) the carbon emission cut, which relies on comparing the energy intensity and energy structure in China with those in developed countries; 2) the carbon sink increase, which depends on the evaluation of constraints of hydrometeorological factors on ecological productivity. Finally, the necessity and possibility of carbon trading and redistribution of the natural resources are discussed to ensure that China's national net carbon emission would be reduced to zero by 2060.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9558
Author(s):  
Qiuyue Xia ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Bin Zhang

The reduction of carbon emissions from land use (CELU) is critical for China to achieve carbon neutrality, which may be greatly facilitated by carbon trading policies. Previous studies of the emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies focused mostly on the reduction of carbon source emissions, and there is a lack of research from the comprehensive perspective of carbon sources and carbon sinks. Understanding the effect of carbon trading policies on emission reduction from the perspective of CELU may help to improve the evaluation system of carbon trading policies, as well as provide important implications for the construction of China’s carbon trading market in the context of global carbon neutrality. Here, based on China’s current carbon-trading pilot areas, quasi-natural experiments were conducted by using the CELU data from 2005 to 2017, the synthetic control method (SCM) and the mediation effect model, aiming to empirically study the reduction effect and mechanism of carbon trading policies on CELU. The following main findings were obtained. (1) Carbon trading policies have had a significant reduction effect on the average CELU of the pilot areas by at least four million tons per year during the study period. (2) The carbon emission reduction effect of carbon trading policies has certain regional heterogeneity. (3) Carbon trading policies reduce CELU through the intermediate effect of energy structure, whose contribution rate reaches 30.433%. (4) Carbon trading policies did not achieve the Porter effect of technological progress during the study period, and technological progress has no significant intermediate effect on the reduction of CELU by carbon trading policy. Based on the above findings, the following policy implications can be proposed. Carbon trading and carbon offset should be studied from a comprehensive perspective of land use; regional heterogeneity should be considered when promoting the carbon emission trading system nationwide; and the energy structure should be optimized continuously.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Jim F. Raborar

Abstract Development is an innate manifestation on earth. It is not even surprising that the world has developed tremendously over the past decade considering the development in the previous decades. That is, development precipitates development. Therefore, even though everybody can see what risks it brings to the earth, we cannot simply restrain it. Of course, we cannot restrain it. The bottomline is that we have no choice but to be part of the development and be one of those who assist in the ever spontaneous development by trying to minimize its unwanted effects to the planet and its inhabitantants, the humans. Even looking at the ‘development’ from one’s own microcosm, we can perceive that as we go through life and gain some of what this world can offer, we produce tons and tons of wastes. These wastes, which are naturally not part of the earth, pollute and disrupt the natural processes of the planet. It is also simple to notice that the fundamental cause of the depletion of the earth’s natural resources was definitely proportional to the increase in population and to the development itself. Here lies one of the underlying global problems at hand aside from poverty, hunger, low access to education, and other socio-anthropological issues we have, this is the issue on natural resources depletion. Even to worldleaders from well-developed countries can recognize that they will also be the ones at the receiving end of this problem. It is basic that living organisms rely on their environment or the abiotic factors, to live sustainably. Considering these problems, the United Nations, with the worldleaders as its composition, has come up with strategies that advocate development while keeping the earth’s natural resources from depletion or the earth’s natural processes from disruption. This advocacy is called Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development is the development that meets the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of the next generation to meet their own needs. It is, at its core, an advocacy for futurism and the next generation. Sustainable Development is primarily anchored with the case of the “carrying capacity” of the planet Earth. It was already implied by several natural scientists as well as social scientists that indeed the Planet Earth increasingly finds it hard to sustain the needs of the human races because of overpopulation. These things result to poverty and hunger around the world. On the otherhand, it is increasing implied that most of the Natural Resources of the planet goes to the well-developed countries, leaving the developing and underdeveloped countries with meager resources. This further increases cases of hunger and poverty. Although it is deceptive that the call for a sustainable development should take its toll on the countries with bigger economy since they consume the most and pollute the most, it is very definite that there should be a much more intensive application in developing countries since we are just about to experience what the rest of the developed countries have already experienced. More importantly, developing countries should advocate Sustainable Development since it is a common knowledge that even if they contribute least to the causes of natural resource depletion and disruption of natural processes, they are the ones who suffer most from the devastating effects of unsustainable development. As citizens of the Republic of the Philippines, we are one of those who suffer most.


2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1314-1319
Author(s):  
Xing Long Zhu ◽  
Chen Zhao

The paper discusses the importance of increasing the carbon sink function of the highway system in maintaining carbon cycle balance of the Earth and "Carbon neutral" concept is used in highway roadside design. The carbon emission and carbon sequestration capacity of forest on both sides of the highway system are also calculated. The results show that most of the road green design has not yet reached a self-balancing capability of neutral carbon sink, and the establishment of the carbon sink forest from 50m to 100m will realize the carbon balance of the transport system.


2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 536-540
Author(s):  
Lin Zeng ◽  
Tie Mao Shi ◽  
Yuan Man Hu

As the residential area is the basic functional unit in the city, its number is large and its construction project is huge; accordingly, the CO2 emission is also huge in the process of construction and use. On the basis of the LCP theory and method, the researchers in this paper propose a new approach used to calculate the carbon emissions in the urban residential area through comprehensively considering the CO2 emission and CO2 absorption of carbon sink-green space in the total life cycle of the urban community. In addition, taking the typical multi-story residential areas in Shenyang City as the sample, the researchers calculate the carbon emission and discuss the features of emission in the residential area as well as the method and potential of reducing the carbon emission. The calculation results show that, the carbon emissions in the process of operation an use account for the largest proportion for the total life cycle, up to 83.8%; the carbon emissions in the process of preparing the materials for construction account for 7.69%; the carbon emissions at the stage of building demolition account for 5.32%. The carbon emissions at the stage of construction are the smallest in amount, which can be basically negligible. According to the existing energy structure, construction specifications and technical level, 4.8% of the CO2 emissions in the residential area can be absorbed through the green space and that the carbon emissions in the residential area can be reduced through taking the energy conservation measures, using the renewable energy and increasing the area of carbon sinks.


Author(s):  
Poulomi Khasnobis ◽  
Sanjukta Niyogi

After the Kyoto Protocol, the new concept of carbon trading emerged. The carbon emission can be controlled by cap and tax system. Cap and trade is the permit that determines the maximum amounts of carbon emission. Carbon tax is imposed on amount of carbon emission. Other instruments of carbon emission are border adjustment and cash payment. Carbon permit is determined by market mechanism through demand and supply. Generally, there are two types of markets: regulated and voluntary. The chapter analyzes mechanisms and discusses the mitigating policies like Kyoto Protocol and tries to examine all aspects related to carbon leakage. The developed countries import carbon-intensive goods. Underdeveloped countries produce and export carbon-intensive goods. In this study, the authors show the prospect of carbon trading and various effects of carbon emission reduction policies on a theoretical framework.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fachrie

Abstract This research explains about the motivation of Indonesia in doing carbon trading with Norway. As a country which has tropical rainforest, Indonesia has become important for the developed countries in the carbon trade cooperation, especially Norway. Indonesia has the potential natural resources, such as tropic rainforest and large of land, that can be used to reduce carbon emissions in the world. By signing the letter of intent (LoI) on May 26th in 2010 in Oslo, Indonesia and Norway have agreed to conduct carbon trading both of these two countries. On the one hand, this cooperation can be advantageous for Indonesia, because Indonesia gets one billion US dollars from Norway for Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) program , but on the other hand Indonesia can not maximize the exploitation of forestry sector and land because of the limitation caused by REDD. It eventually causes the carbon trading between Indonesia and Norway becomes important to be inquired. Keywords: Environment, Carbon Trading, Priso Indone Policy Abstrak Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang motivasi Indonesia dalam melakukan perdagangan karbon dengan Norwegia. Sebagai negara yang memiliki hutan hujan tropis, Indonesia menjadi penting bagi negara- negara maju dalam kerja sama perdagangan karbon, terutama Norwegia. Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya alam, seperti hutan hujan tropis dan lahan yang luas, yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi emisi karbon di dunia. Dengan menandatangani letter of intent (LoI) pada 26 Mei 2010 di Oslo, Indonesia dan Norwegia telah sepakat untuk melakukan perdagangan karbon kedua negara ini. Di satu sisi, kerjasama ini dapat menguntungkan bagi Indonesia, karena Indonesia mendapat satu miliar dolar AS dari Norwegia untuk program Pengurangan Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD), tetapi di sisi lain Indonesia tidak dapat memaksimalkan eksploitasi sektor kehutanan dan lahan karena keterbatasan yang disebabkan oleh REDD. Hal tersebut menyebabkan perdagangan karbon antara Indonesia dan Norwegia menjadi penting untuk dipertanyakan. Kata Kunci: Lingkungan, Perdagangan Karbon, Prisoner’s Dilemma, Pilihan Rasional, Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia


2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Chao Wang ◽  
Hai Lin Mu ◽  
Hua Nan Li

With the development of economy and technology, the world produces more and more greenhouse gases (GHGs), which result in global warming. The Kyoto Protocol signed in 1997, marked the resolution of human fighting global warming. The developed countries are committed to achieve their GHGs emission targets under the protocol, developing nations play similar roles on a voluntary way. However, recently Copenhagen, Cancun and Durban Climate Conference, didn’t reach an agreement of the post-Kyoto era, which cause an uncertain situation in the post-Kyoto era. Due to much of the GHGs come from energy sectors and China is the largest GHGs emission country in the world. It is worthwhile to review the Chinese energy situation. A carbon intensity decomposition model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the carbon intensity because the Chinese target is reducing 40%-45% carbon intensity in 2020 on the basis of 2005. Then this paper analyzes the potential of carbon trading potential in China. This paper comes to a conclusion that the influencing factors of the carbon intensity are mainly energy structure and energy intensity. Carbon trading market is a good choice for China because China has good potential in GHGs reduction in the energy sector and carbon trading market can help China realize the target in 2020.


Author(s):  
Sergey Boskholov ◽  
Aleksandr Mironov ◽  
Tatyana Sudakova

The main task of this work is to examine and critically analyze an alternative solution to the old problem, formulated and mathematically substantiated by an English scholar and economist Thomas Malthus. The essence of the problem is the unlimited exponential growth of the Earth’s population over time. This hypothesis, in spite of abundant criticism, has now gained the status of an undisputed theory whose significance equals that of Newton’s laws. Th. Malthus claimed that the progress of humanity is determined by the natural ability of the Earth to support the lives of a certain number of people, and after a certain threshold the limited natural resources will be depleted. Hence the necessity to contain the population growth within the limits of depleting natural resources. The theoretical views of Malthus gave rise to the racist theory of «the golden billion», used by the world oligarchy to gain the support of the most industrially developed countries (the so-called golden triangle) and to use this support to ensure their dominance in the world. To expose such criminal theories, which are dangerous for the humanity, the authors present a mathematical modeling of the dynamics of changes in the population size, whose results are then used for the criminological assessment of these theories. Mathematical modeling made it possible, for the first time, to show the complete irrelevance of the basic premise of the Malthusian theory regarding the exponential growth of the world’s population from the standpoint of science. The authors think that this conclusion is of great scientific and practical value for criminological mathematics as a subtheory of criminology. It allowed them to conduct a criminological assessment of the views of neo-malthusians that are most dangerous for the global security as they continue to serve the interests of globalism.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Dr.Navdeep Kaur

Since its evolution environment has remained both a matter of awe and concern to man. The frontier attitude of the industrialized society towards nature has not only endangered the survival of all other life forms but also threatened the very existence of human life. The realization of such potential danger has necessitated the dissemination of knowledge and skill vis-a-vis environment protection at all stages of learning. Therefore, learners of all stages of learning need to be sensitized with a missionary zeal. This may ensure transformation of students into committed citizens for averting global environment crisis. The advancement of science and technology made the life more and more relaxed and man also became more and more ambitious. With such development, human dependence on environment increased. He consumed more resources and the effect of his activities on the environment became more and more detectable. Environment covers all the things present around the living beings and above the land, on the surface of the earth and under the earth. Environment indicates, in total, all of peripheral forces, pressures and circumstances, which affect the life, nature, behaviour, growth, development and maturation of living beings. Irrational exploitation (not utilization) of natural resources for our greed (not need) has endangered our survival, and incurred incalculable harm. Environmental Education is a science, a well-thought, permanent, lasting and integrated process of equipping learning experiences for getting awareness, knowledge, understanding, skills, values, technical expertise and involvement of learners with desirable attitudinal changes about their relationship with their natural and biophysical environment. Environmental Education is an organized effort to educate the masses about environment, its functions, need, importance, and especially how human beings can manage their behaviour in order to live in a sustainable manner.  The term 'environmental awareness' refers to creating general awareness of environmental issues, their causes by bringing about changes in perception, attitude, values and necessary skills to solve environment related problems. Moreover, it is the first step leading to the formation of responsible environmental behaviour (Stern, 2000). With the ever increasing development by modern man, large scale degradation of natural resources have been occurred, the public has to be educated about the fact that if we are degrading our environment we are actually harming ourselves. To encourage meaningful public participation and environment, it is necessary to create awareness about environment pollution and related adverse effects. This is the crucial time that environmental awareness and environmental sensitivity should be cultivated among the masses particularly among youths. For the awareness of society it is essential to work at a gross root level. So the whole society can work to save the environment.


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