scholarly journals Consumption of Butylated Starch Alleviates the Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Neurobehavioral and Gut Barrier Deficits Through Reshaping the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijun Tian ◽  
Huiyue Zhu ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Targeted Release ◽  
Junction Proteins ◽  
Microbial Effects

The beneficial effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on host health has been well recognized based on the booming knowledge from gut microbiome research. The role of SCFA in influencing psychological function is highlighted in recent years but has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the SCFA-acylated starches were used to accomplish a sizeable intestine-targeted release of the SCFAs, and the neurobehavioral, immunological, and microbial effects were further investigated. Acetylated-, butylated-, and isobutylated-starch could attenuate the depression-like behaviors and excessive corticosterone production in chronically stressed mice. Butylated- starch significantly reduced the colonic permeability via increasing the tight junction proteins (including ZO-1, Claudin, and Occludin) gene expression and reduced the level of the inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and IL-6). The butylated starch’s neurological and immunological benefits may be derived from the gut microbiome modifications, including normalizing the abundance of certain beneficial microbes (Odoribacter and Oscillibacter) and metabolomic pathways (Tryptophan synthesis and Inositol degradation). The present findings further validate the brain-beneficial effect of butyrate and offer novel guidance for developing novel food or dietary supplements for improving mental health.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

The Gut Microbiome, Obesity, and Weight Control in Women’s Reproductive Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Leigh Greathouse ◽  
Mary Ann Faucher ◽  
Marie Hastings-Tolsma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
The Brain

The microbes residing in the human gut, referred to as the microbiome, are intricately linked to energy homeostasis and subsequently obesity. Integral to the origins of obesity, the microbiome is believed to affect not only health of the human gut but also overall health. This microbiome–obesity association is mediated through the process of energy extraction, metabolism, and cross talk between the brain and the gut microbiome. Host exposures, including diet, that potentially modify genetic predisposition to obesity and affect weight management are reviewed. The higher prevalence of obesity among women and recent evidence linking obesity during pregnancy with offspring health make this topic particularly relevant. Current limitations in microbiome research to address obesity and future advances in this field are described. Applications of this science with respect to applied nursing and overall health care in general are included, with emphasis on the reproductive health of women and their offspring.

scholarly journals n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Joffre ◽  
Anne-Laure Dinel ◽  
Mathilde Chataigner ◽  
Véronique Pallet ◽  
Sophie Layé
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
The Brain

Aging is associated to cognitive decline, which can lead to loss of life quality, personal suffering, and ultimately neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one of the mechanisms explaining the loss of cognitive functions. Indeed, aging is associated to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which can be targeted by specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularly attractive as they are present in the brain, possess immunomodulatory properties, and are precursors of lipid derivates named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation that is modified during aging, resulting in chronic inflammation. In this review, we first examine the effect of aging on neuroinflammation and then evaluate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA as precursors of bioactive derivates, particularly during aging, on the resolution of inflammation. Lastly, we highlight evidence supporting a role of n-3 PUFA during aging.

1059 - Glutamate and Hedonic Eating: Role of the Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis on Changes on Hedonic Eating after Bariatric Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. S-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Jacobs ◽  
Daniel Braas ◽  
Arpana Gupta ◽  
Venu Lagishetty ◽  
Jean Stains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Mei Luo ◽  
Lishou Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorder ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bowel Disorder

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional bowel disorder worldwide and is associated with visceral hypersensitivity, gut motility, immunomodulation, gut microbiota alterations, and dysfunction of the brain-gut axis; however, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Gut microbiota and its metabolites are proposed as possible etiological factors of IBS. The aim of our study was to investigate specific types of microbiota-derived metabolites, especially bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids, serotonin and hypoxanthine, which are all implicated in the pathogenesis of IBS. Metabolites-focused research has identified multiple microbial targets relevant to IBS patients, important roles of microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of IBS symptoms have been established. Thus, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the different subtypes of IBS (constipation-predominant IBS-C, diarrhea-predominant IBS-D) and present controversial views regarding the role of microbiota in IBS.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary insights into the link between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis—what is currently known?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka ◽  
Agnieszka Daca ◽  
Giandomenico Roviello ◽  
Martina Catalano ◽  
Karol Połom
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Gastric Microbiota ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

AbstractCurrently, gastric cancer is one of the leading death-related cancer globally. The etiopathogenesis of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes among others dysbiotic alterations of gastric microbiota. Molecular techniques revealed that stomach is not a sterile organ and it is resides with ecosystem of microbes. Due to the fact that the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in development of gastric cancer is established and well-studied, this paper is mainly focused on the role of other bacterial as well as viral and fungal gut microbiota imbalance in gastric carcinogenesis. Notably, not only the composition of gastric microbiota may play an important role in development of gastric cancer, but also its activity. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, N-nitroso compounds, and lactate, may significantly affect gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, this paper discussed aforementioned aspects with the interdisciplinary insights (regarding also immunological point of view) into the association between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis based on up-to-date studies.

scholarly journals The role of microbiota and inflammation in self-judgement and empathy: implications for understanding the brain-gut-microbiome axis in depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (5) ◽  
pp. 1459-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Heym ◽  
B. C. Heasman ◽  
K. Hunter ◽  
S. R. Blanco ◽  
G. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Metabolomic Signatures of Weight Change

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Vijay ◽  
Ana M Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Considerable Body

Obesity represents a major health concern, not just in the West but increasingly in low and middle income countries. In order to develop successful strategies for losing weight, it is essential to understand the molecular pathogenesis of weight change. A number of pathways, implicating oxidative stress but also the fundamental regulatory of insulin, have been implicated in weight gain and in the regulation of energy expenditure. In addition, a considerable body of work has highlighted the role of metabolites generated by the gut microbiome, in particular short chain fatty acids, in both processes. The current review provides a brief understanding of the mechanisms underlying the associations of weight change with changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, dietary composition and insulin dynamics, as well as the influence of the gut microbiome. The changes in metabolomic profiles and the models outlined can be used as an accurate predictor for obesity and obesity related disorders.

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