scholarly journals Pre-Digested Protein Enteral Nutritional Supplementation Enhances Recovery of CD4+ T Cells and Repair of Intestinal Barrier in HIV-Infected Immunological Non-Responders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Tao Geng ◽  
Jian-Bo Zhang ◽  
Yue-Xin Wang ◽  
Yu Xu ◽  
Danfeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Nutrition Supplement

AIDS patients with immune non-response are prone to malnutrition, intestinal barrier damage, thus aggravating chronic immune activation and inflammation. However, nutritional interventions targeting malnutrition may be beneficial to restore immune function, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce mortality remains largely unclear. This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nutritional supplement in HIV-infected immune non-responders (INRs). The subjects received oral supplementation of a pre-digested protein nutrition formula for three months. We show that the CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell counts were significantly increased after supplementation of the pre-digested enteral nutritional supplement. Among all pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, only IL-1β level was significantly decreased, while TNF-β was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The levels of intestinal mucosal damage markers, diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid (D-lactate), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after the nutritional intervention. Moreover, at month 3 after the intervention, the body weight, body mass index, albumin, and hemoglobin of all subjects were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis demonstrated a significantly negative correlation of CD4+ T cell count with levels of DAO (r = -0.343, P = 0.004), D-lactate (r = -0.250, P = 0.037), respectively, and a significantly positive correlation of IL-1β level with levels of DAO (r = 0.445, P < 0.001), D-lactate (r = 0.523, P < 0.001), and LPS (r = 0.622, P < 0.001). We conclude that the pre-digested enteral nutrition supplement is effective for HIV-infected INRs.

scholarly journals PO-005 The Dietary Nutrition Adjustment Continuous 16 Weeks and the Nutrition Supplement Plan after Weighing of Women's Wrestlers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Liao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Nutrition Supplement ◽  
Dietary Nutrition

Objective This study develops the nutrition supplement plan after weighing, and research how to supply nutrition in this important time on the basis of the dietary nutrition adjustment in pre-competition. Formulate the nutrition supplement plan for women’s wrestlers by quantized, and evaluate this plan. Methods To prepare for the key players of the 13th National Games, a 16-week daily dietary adjustment was conducted according to the results of a nutrition survey on the slow-fall-weight control phase before the competition. Routine dietary adjustment was proved by changes in body composition and improvement of anaerobic capacity. The plan was developed, that includes weighing meals, liquid nutritional supplements and inorganic salts solutions after weighing, on the basis of the regulation on nutrition. Results The balance between the total daily dietary intake and its ratio can make the athlete achieve the ideal effect of weight control in the normal training. Comparing the indicators before and after 16 weeks, it was found that after the athlete's diet was basically balanced and reasonable the body weight decreased significantly, the fat-free body weight remained unchanged, the body fat percentage decreased significantly, and the anaerobic capacity increased significantly. After weighing during the competition nutritional supplement plan can be executed, and the total body water, urine protein, urine specific gravity can be restored to normal levels developed, that includes weighing meals, liquid nutritional supplements and inorganic salts solutions after weighing, on the basis of the regulation on nutrition. Conclusions This study through the understanding of the basic nutritional status of athletes before the game, according to the conditions of each athlete to give the corresponding dietary guidance, and use 16 weeks to supervise the implementation. Athletes' dietary structure and nutrient intake change significantly, and then the nutrition achieves balanced and reasonable. To investigate the nutritional situation this time, that combined with the characteristics of energy supply and nutritional, which for wrestling athletes, worked out the nutritional supplement plan after weighing by quantitative data. This plan can be performed well; the effect of supplement is improved obviously; and on discomfort appeared during the game by the athletes who performed it. This study is a preliminary exploration of the nutritional supplement plan for athletes during the important recovery phase of the game. Follow-up research will involve more projects in order to promote this special period to other weight-level projects eventually.

scholarly journals Nutritional Interventions for Elderly and Considerations for the Development of Geriatric Foods

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damanpreet Kaur ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Elderly Nutrition

The process of aging is characterized by numerous changes in the body which has an overall negative effect on the health and lifestyle of elderly. Nutrition deserves special attention as an individual reaches old age. It plays a vital role in affecting the quality of life, including physical, mental and social health. The physiological decline in food intake is very common among older age and this result in nutritional deficiencies. These increased nutritional deficiencies are the major risk factors for certain chronic diseases and deteriorated age related health. Thus, the adoption of nutritional intervention can be a measure to tackle the current situation of nutritional deficiencies and promote a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Malaria-Associated l-Arginine Deficiency Induces Mast Cell-Associated Disruption to Intestinal Barrier Defenses against Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremia

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Y. Chau ◽  
Caitlin M. Tiffany ◽  
Shilpa Nimishakavi ◽  
Jessica A. Lawrence ◽  
Nazzy Pakpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Arginine Deficiency

ABSTRACTCoinfection with malaria and nontyphoidalSalmonellaserotypes (NTS) can cause life-threatening bacteremia in humans. Coinfection with malaria is a recognized risk factor for invasive NTS, suggesting that malaria impairs intestinal barrier function. Here, we investigated mechanisms and strategies for prevention of coinfection pathology in a mouse model. Our findings reveal that malarial-parasite-infected mice, like humans, developl-arginine deficiency, which is associated with intestinal mastocytosis, elevated levels of histamine, and enhanced intestinal permeability. Prevention or reversal ofl-arginine deficiency blunts mastocytosis in ileal villi as well as bacterial translocation, measured as numbers of mesenteric lymph node CFU of noninvasiveEscherichia coliNissle andSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium, the latter of which is naturally invasive in mice. Dietary supplementation of malarial-parasite-infected mice withl-arginine orl-citrulline reduced levels of ileal transcripts encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4), a key mediator of intestinal mastocytosis and macromolecular permeability. Supplementation withl-citrulline also enhanced epithelial adherens and tight junctions in the ilea of coinfected mice. These data suggest that increasingl-arginine bioavailability via oral supplementation can ameliorate malaria-induced intestinal pathology, providing a basis for testing nutritional interventions to reduce malaria-associated mortality in humans.

scholarly journals Noninvasive in vivo imaging of CD4 cells in simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)–infected nonhuman primates

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Di Mascio ◽  
Chang H. Paik ◽  
Jorge A. Carrasquillo ◽  
Jin-Soo Maeng ◽  
Beom-Su Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Since the earliest days of the HIV epidemic, the number of CD4+ T cells per unit volume of blood has been recognized as a major prognostic factor for the development of AIDS in persons with HIV infection. It has also been generally accepted that approximately 2% of total body lymphocytes circulate in the blood. In the present study, we have used a nondepleting humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody labeled with the gamma emitter indium-111 to visualize the CD4+ T-cell pool in vivo in nonhuman primates with simian HIV infection. A strong correlation was noted between radiotracer uptake in spleen, tonsil, axillary lymph nodes, and peripheral blood CD4 T-cell counts (ρ = 0.75, 0.93, and 0.85, respectively, P < .005). The relationship between radiotracer retention in lymphoid tissues and CD4+ T-cell counts in the circulation was governed by an exponential law. These data provide an estimate for the total number of lymphocytes in the body as being between 1.9 and 2.9 × 1012 and suggest that the partition between peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue is between 0.3% and 0.5%.

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

Nutrients Mediate Bioavailability and Turnover of Proteins in Mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-665
Author(s):  
Cunxi Nie ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Wenju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Protein Restricted Diet

As a major component of biologically active compounds in the body, proteins contribute to the synthesis of body tissues for the renewal and growth of the body. The high level of dietary protein and the imbalance of amino acid (AA) composition in mammals result in metabolic disorders, inefficient utilization of protein resources and increased nitrogen excretion. Fortunately, nutritional interventions can be an effective way of attenuating the nitrogen excretion and increasing protein utilization, which include, but are not limited to, formulating the AA balance and protein-restricted diet supplementing with essential AAs, and adding probiotics in the diet. This review highlights recent advances in the turnover of dietary proteins and mammal’s metabolism for health, in order to improve protein bioavailability through nutritional approach.

Mechanisms of Nickel-Induced Cell Damage in Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Nutritional Intervention Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Filatova ◽  
Christine Cherpak
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Allergic Contact

Background: Hypersensitivity to nickel is a very common cause of allergic contact dermatitis since this metal is largely present in industrial and consumer products as well as in some commonly consumed foods, air, soil, and water. In nickel-sensitized individuals, a cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity response results in contact to dermatitis due to mucous membranes coming in long-term contact with nickel-containing objects. This process involves the generation of reactive oxidative species and lipid peroxidation-induced oxidative damage. Immunologically, the involvement of T helper (h)-1 and Th-2 cells, as well as the reduced function of T regulatory cells, are of importance. The toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of nickel are attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of oxidative damage via lipid peroxidation, which results in DNA damage. Objective: The aim of this research is to identify nutritionally actionable interventions that can intercept nickel-induced cell damage due to their antioxidant capacities. Conclusion: Nutritional interventions may be used to modulate immune dysregulation, thereby intercepting nickel-induced cellular damage. Among these nutritional interventions are a low-nickel diet and an antioxidant-rich diet that is sufficient in iron needed to minimize nickel absorption. These dietary approaches not only reduce the likelihood of nickel toxicity by minimizing nickel exposure but also help prevent oxidative damage by supplying the body with antioxidants that neutralize free radicals.

scholarly journals Dynamic Imaging of IEL-IEC Co-Cultures Allows for Quantification of CD103-Dependent T Cell Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5148
Author(s):  
Karin Enderle ◽  
Martin Dinkel ◽  
Eva-Maria Spath ◽  
Benjamin Schmid ◽  
Sebastian Zundler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are widely distributed within the small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) layer and represent one of the largest T cell pools of the body. While implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, detailed insight especially into the cellular cross-talk between IELs and IECs is largely missing in part due to lacking methodologies to monitor this interaction. To overcome this shortcoming, we employed and validated a murine IEL-IEC (organoids) ex vivo co-culture model system. Using livecell imaging we established a protocol to visualize and quantify the spatio-temporal migratory behavior of IELs within organoids over time. Applying this methodology, we found that IELs lacking CD103 (i.e., integrin alpha E, ITGAE) surface expression usually functioning as a retention receptor for IELs through binding to E-cadherin (CD324) expressing IECs displayed aberrant mobility and migration patterns. Specifically, CD103 deficiency affected the ability of IELs to migrate and reduced their speed during crawling within organoids. In summary, we report a new technology to monitor and quantitatively assess especially migratory characteristics of IELs communicating with IEC ex vivo. This approach is hence readily applicable to study the effects of targeted therapeutic interventions on IEL-IEC cross-talk.

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