scholarly journals Liquor Flavour Is Associated With the Physicochemical Property and Microbial Diversity of Fermented Grains in Waxy and Non-waxy Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) During Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjuan Liu ◽  
Xiangwei Gong ◽  
Guan Zhao ◽  
Maw Ni Soe Htet ◽  
Zhiyong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Ethyl Lactate ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Fermented Grains ◽  
The Relationship

The fermentation process of Chinese Xifeng liquor involves numerous microbes. However, the sources of microbes in fermented grain and the link between liquor flavour and physicochemical properties and microbial diversity during fermentation still remain unknown. Herein, two waxy (JiNiang 2 [JN-2] and JinNuo 3 [JN-3]) and four non-waxy (JiZa 127 [JZ-127], JinZa 34 [JZ-34], LiaoZa 19 [LZ-19], and JiaXian [JX]) sorghum varieties were selected for the comprehensive analysis of the relationship between liquor flavour and the physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of fermented grains. Results showed that ethyl acetate was the main flavour component of JZ-127, JZ-34, and JX, whereas ethyl lactate was mainly detected in JN-2, JN-3, and LZ-19. Ethyl lactate accounted for half of the ethyl acetate content, and JX exhibited a higher liquor yield than the other sorghum varieties. The fermented grains of waxy sorghum presented higher temperature and reducing sugar contents but lower moisture and starch contents than their non-waxy counterparts during fermentation. We selected JN-3 and JX sorghum varieties to further investigate the microbial changes in the fermented grains. The bacterial diversity gradually reduced, whereas the fungal diversity showed nearly no change in either JN-3 or JX. Lactobacillus was the most abundant bacterial genus, and its level rapidly increased during fermentation. The abundance of Lactobacillus accounted for the total proportion of bacteria in JX, and it was higher than that in JN-3. Saccharomyces was the most abundant fungal genus in JX, but its abundance accounted for a small proportion of fungi in JN-3. Four esters and five alcohols were significantly positively related to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidia; Bacillales, Bacteroidales, and Rhodospirillales; and Acetobacter, Pediococcus, and Prevotella_7. This positive relation is in contrast with that observed for Firmicutes, Bacilli, Lactobacillales, and Lactobacillus. Meanwhile, Aspergillus was the only fungal microorganism that showed a significantly negative relation with such compounds (except for butanol and isopentanol). These findings will help in understanding the fermentation mechanism and flavour formation of fermented Xifeng liquor.

Application Of Electron Probe Analyses Of Minerals In Discussing The Relationship Between Ductile Deformation And Metamorphism

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
Fan Guochuan ◽  
Sun Zhongshi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Ductile Shear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ductile Shear Deformation

Under influence of ductile shear deformation, granulite facies mineral paragenesis underwent metamorphism and changes in chemical composition. The present paper discusses some changes in chemical composition of garnet in hypers thene_absent felsic gnesiss and of hypersthene in rock in early and late granulite facies undergone increasing ductile shear deformation .In garnet fetsic geniss, band structures were formed because of partial melting and resulted in zoning from massive⟶transitional⟶melanocrate zones in increasing deformed sequence. The electron-probe analyses for garnet in these zones are listed in table 1 . The Table shows that Mno, Cao contents in garnet decrease swiftly from slightly to intensely deformed zones.In slightly and moderately deformed zones, Mgo contents keep unchanged and Feo is slightly lower. In intensely deformed zone, Mgo contents increase, indicating a higher temperature. This is in accord with the general rule that Mgo contents in garnet increase with rising temperature.

Physicochemical Characterization and Antinociceptive Effect of β-cyclodextrin/Lippia pedunculosa Essential Oil in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 797-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula dos Passos Menezes ◽  
Francielly de Oliveira Araujo ◽  
Tatianny Araujo Andrade ◽  
Igor Araujo Santos Trindade ◽  
Heitor Gomes de Araujo-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Higher Temperature

Background: Some research studies have shown that Lippia pedunculosa essential oil (EOLP) has interesting biological activities. However, its low water solubility is the main challenge to achieve its therapeutic potential. In this context, Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been widely used in order to overcome this problem due to your capability to improve the physicochemical properties of drugs. Objective: In this perspective, the main goal of this study was to investigate how the improvement of the physicochemical properties of inclusion complexes (EOLP and β-CD) enhance the antinociceptive effect in mice. Methods: To achieve that, we prepared samples by Physical Mixture (PM), Paste Complexation (PC) and Slurry Complexation (SC) methods, followed by their physicochemical characterization. In addition, it was evaluated if the use of β-CD enhances the antinociceptive effect of EOLP in mice. Results: The analysis showed that rotundifolone (72.02%) was the major compound of EOLP and we found out based on DSC results that β-CD protected it from oxidation. In addition, TG techniques demonstrated that the best inclusion methods were PC and SC, due to their greater weight loss (10.8 and 11.6%, respectively) in the second stage (171-312°C), indicating that more complexed oil was released at the higher temperature than oil free. Other characteristics, such as changes in the typical crystalline form, and reduced particle size were observed by SEM and laser diffraction, respectively. The SC was the most effective complexation method, once the presence of rotundifolone was detected by FTIR. Based on that, SC method was used in all mice tests. In this regard, the number of paw licks was reduced for both compounds (all doses), but EOLP was more effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior. Conclusion: Therefore, CDs seem not to be a good tool to enhance the pharmacological properties of EOs rich in peroxide compounds such as rotundifolone.

Biologically Important Physicochemical Properties of Some Cephalosporins

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
Katarína Škvareninová ◽  
Štefan Baláž ◽  
Ernest Šturdík ◽  
Miroslav Veverka ◽  
Jana Adamcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Non Linear Equation ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
The Relationship

In the series of cephalosporin derivatives, consisting of eight 7-(R1-CH2-CO-NH)cephalosporanic acids and of seven analogical compounds with 3-acetoxymethyl replaced by 3-CH3, physicochemical properties, which are expected to play a role in their antibacterial effects (the transport rate parameters and partition coefficients in the systems 1-octanol-water and 1-octanol-buffer, dissociation constants of the 4-carboxyl group, reactivity towards L-glutathione imitating the nucleophilic groups of the cell components and hydrolysis rate parameters), were determined. Linear dependences were observed between the partition coefficients and the π-constants of the varying substituents as well as between reactivity towards SH-groups of L-glutathione and OH-groups. The relationship between the transport rate parameters and partition coefficients, both measured in buffered as well as non-buffered system, was described by a common non-linear equation.

scholarly journals Correlating Capsaicinoid Levels and Physicochemical Proper-ties of Kimchi and Its Perceived Spiciness

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
So-Ra Yoon ◽  
Yun-Mi Dang ◽  
Su-Yeon Kim ◽  
Su-Yeon You ◽  
Mina K. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Partial Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Capsaicinoid content, among other factors, affects the perception of spiciness of commercial kimchi. Here, we investigated whether the physicochemical properties of kimchi affect the spicy taste of capsaicinoids perceived by the tasting. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the capsaicinoid content (mg/kg) of thirteen types of commercial kimchi. The physicochemical properties such as pH, titratable acidity, salinity, free sugar content, and free amino acid content were evaluated, and the spicy strength grade was determined by selected panel to analyze the correlation between these properties. Panels were trained for 48 h prior to actual evaluation by panel leaders trained for over 1000 h according to the SpectrumTM method. Partial correlation analysis was performed to examine other candidate parameters that interfere with the sensory evaluation of spiciness and capsaicinoid content. To express the specific variance after eliminating the effects of other variables, partial correlations were used to estimate the relationships between two variables. We observed a strong correlation between spiciness intensity ratings and capsaicinoid content, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.78 at p ≤ 0.001. However, other specific variables may have influenced the relationship between spiciness intensity and total capsaicinoid content. Partial correlation analysis indicated that the free sugar content most strongly affected the relationship between spiciness intensity and capsaicinoid content, showing the largest first-order partial correlation coefficient (rxy/z: 0.091, p ≤ 0.01).

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Dependence of Mercury Distribution on the Degree of Coalification in Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi, China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3119
Author(s):  
Yinjiao Su ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yang Teng ◽  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Mercury Distribution ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
The Relationship

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic trace element emitted from coal conversion and utilization. Samples with different coal ranks and gangue from Ningwu Coalfield are selected and investigated in this study. For understanding dependence of mercury distribution characteristics on coalification degree, Pearson regression analysis coupled with Spearman rank correlation is employed to explore the relationship between mercury and sulfur, mercury and ash in coal, and sequential chemical extraction method is adopted to recognize the Hg speciation in the samples of coal and gangue. The measured results show that Hg is positively related to total sulfur content in coal and the affinity of Hg to different sulfur forms varies with the coalification degree. Organic sulfur has the biggest impact on Hg in peat, which becomes weak with increasing the coalification degree from lignite to bituminous coal. Sulfate sulfur is only related to Hg in peat or lignite as little content in coal. However, the Pearson linear correlation coefficients of Hg and pyritic sulfur are relatively high with 0.479 for lignite, 0.709 for sub-bituminous coal and 0.887 for bituminous coal. Hg is also related to ash content in coal, whose Pearson linear correlation coefficients are 0.504, 0.774 and 0.827 respectively, in lignite, sub-bituminous coal and bituminous coal. Furthermore, Hg distribution is directly depended on own speciation in coal. The total proportion of F2 + F3 + F4 is increased from 41.5% in peat to 87.4% in bituminous coal, but the average proportion of F5 is decreased from 56.8% in peat to 12.4% in bituminous coal. The above findings imply that both Hg and sulfur enrich in coal largely due to the migration from organic state to inorganic state with the increase of coalification degree in Ningwu Coalfield.

scholarly journals Application of Lipase Purified from Aspergillus fumigatus in the Syntheses of Ethyl Acetate and Ethyl Lactate

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshita Mehta ◽  
Chetna Grover ◽  
Kamal Kumar Bhardwaj ◽  
Reena Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Ethyl Lactate

scholarly journals Pemahaman Konsep Geometri dan Self Confidence Mahasiswa Calon Guru Matematika pada Mata Kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro untuk Persiapan Pelaksanaan PPL Di Sekolah

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Sri Asnawati ◽  
Irmawati Liliana Kusuma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
The Self ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Micro Learning

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat self confidence mahasiswa, hubungan pemahaman konsep geometri dan self confidence mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Pada mata kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro terdapat 8 keterampilan dasar mengajar, salah satunya adalah keterampilan menjelaskan dimana mahasiswa harus dapat mengorganisasikan konsep geometri transformasi dalam tata urutan yang terencana secara sistematis, sehingga mudah dipahami oleh siswa. Perlu adanya self confidence dalam menyampaikan materi khususnya pemahaman konsep geometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada taraf signifikansi 5% diperoleh hubungan yang linier antara pemahaman konsep geometri transformasi dan self confidence mahasiswa calon guru matematika pada mata kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro. Tingkat keeratan hubungan kedua variabel berdasarkan koefisien korelasi berada pada kategori kuat yaitu 0,700. Hubungan kedua variabel tersebut menunjukkan arah positif artinya, peningkatan pemahaman konsep geometri transformasi berbanding lurus dengan self confidence mahasiswa calon guru matematika. Kata kunci: pemahaman konsep geometri, self confidence, pembelajaran mikro.   ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the level of self-confidence of students and relationship between understanding the concept of geometry and self-confidence of students in the Micro Learning subject. This research is quantitative research. In the Micro Learning subject there are 8 basic teaching skills, one of them is the skill to explain where students must be able to organize the geometry concept of transformation in a systematic order planned so that it is easily understood by students. Self confidence is needed in delivering the material, especially understanding the concept of geometry. At a significance level of 5% a linear relationship was found between the understanding of the geometry concept of transformation and the self confidence of mathematics teacher candidates in the Micro Learning subject. The relationship between the two variables based on the correlation coefficient is in the strong category, 0.700. The relationship between these two variables shows a positive relation, it means that as the understanding of geometric concept gets better, the self confidence of mathematics teacher candidates get higher. Keywords: understanding of the concept of geometry, self confidence, micro learning subject.

scholarly journals The Relationship between High-Rise Building and Urban Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Shujun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Prospects

<p>High-rise buildings have become an inevitable trend in future building development. Since today’s building theories and technologies have not fully matured, we should perform a comprehensive analysis by combining urban environmental conditions in order to promote sustainable development of high-rise buildings. This study will discuss development prospects and problems of high-rise buildings via the relationship between urban environment and high-rise buildings, in order to form a more comprehensive and mature understanding of future development direction and the focus of high-rise building, and to propose appropriate countermeasures to the negative impacts of high-rise buildings on the development of urban environment.</p>

International Terrorism and Human Rights

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Sundaresh MENON
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
September 11 ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, a line was crossed in the history of terrorism and political violence—many things we had until then taken for granted were lost. This paper analyzes the relationship between international terrorism and human rights and examines how these two concepts—which some suggest are antithetical—might appropriately be spoken of in the same breath even in the aftermath of those terrible attacks. The overarching thesis is that counter-terror efforts must be approached in a way that endeavours to achieve a positive relation to, and co-existence with, the system of human rights at both international and national levels. In this connection, Singapore's approach to counter-terrorism will be considered, providing food for thought on how far it achieves a balance between security and liberty.

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