scholarly journals Volatile Compounds From Bacillus, Serratia, and Pseudomonas Promote Growth and Alter the Transcriptional Landscape of Solanum tuberosum in a Passively Ventilated Growth System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Heenan-Daly ◽  
Simone Coughlan ◽  
Eileen Dillane ◽  
Barbara Doyle Prestwich
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Transcriptional Landscape

The interaction of an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) termed bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) with plants is now a major area of study under the umbrella of plant-microbe interactions. Many growth systems have been developed to determine the nature of these interactions in vitro. However, each of these systems have their benefits and drawbacks with respect to one another and can greatly influence the end-point interpretation of the BVC effect on plant physiology. To address the need for novel growth systems in BVC-plant interactions, our study investigated the use of a passively ventilated growth system, made possible via Microbox® growth chambers, to determine the effect of BVCs emitted by six bacterial isolates from the genera Bacillus, Serratia, and Pseudomonas. Solid-phase microextraction GC/MS was utilized to determine the BVC profile of each bacterial isolate when cultured in three different growth media each with varying carbon content. 66 BVCs were identified in total, with alcohols and alkanes being the most abundant. When cultured in tryptic soy broth, all six isolates were capable of producing 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, however BVC emission associated with this media were deemed to have negative effects on plant growth. The two remaining media types, namely Methyl Red-Voges Proskeur (MR-VP) and Murashige and Skoog (M + S), were selected for bacterial growth in co-cultivation experiments with Solanum tuberosum L. cv. ‘Golden Wonder.’ The BVC emissions of Bacillus and Serratia isolates cultured on MR-VP induced alterations in the transcriptional landscape of potato across all treatments with 956 significantly differentially expressed genes. This study has yielded interesting results which indicate that BVCs may not always broadly upregulate expression of defense genes and this may be due to choice of plant-bacteria co-cultivation apparatus, bacterial growth media and/or strain, or likely, a complex interaction between these factors. The multifactorial complexities of observed effects of BVCs on target organisms, while intensely studied in recent years, need to be further elucidated before the translation of lab to open-field applications can be fully realized.

scholarly journals Solid phase microextraction (SPME) analysis of volatile compounds produced by in vitro shoots of Lantana camara L. under the influence of auxins and cytokinins

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1504-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro Affonso ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽  
Sharon Santos de Lima ◽  
Maria Apparecida Esquibel ◽  
Alice Sato
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
In Vitro Shoots

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Equine Platelet Lysate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gordon ◽  
Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez ◽  
John F. Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Platelet Lysate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli

The development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and the lack of novel antibiotic strategies to combat those bacteria is an ever-present problem in both veterinary and human medicine. The goal of this study is to evaluate platelet lysate (PL) as a biological alternative antimicrobial product. Platelet lysate is an acellular platelet-derived product rich in growth factors and cytokines that is manufactured via plateletpheresis and pooled from donor horses. In the current study, we sought to define the antimicrobial properties of PL on select gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Results from an end-point in vitro assay showed that PL did not support bacterial growth, and in fact significantly reduced bacterial content compared to normal growth media. An in vitro assay was then utilized to further determine the effects on bacterial growth dynamics and showed that all strains exhibited a slower growth rate and lower yield in the presence of PL. The specific effects of PL were unique for each bacterial strain: E. coli and P. aeruginosa growth was affected in a concentration-dependent manner, such that higher amounts of PL had a greater effect, while this was not true for S. aureus or E. faecalis. Furthermore, the onset of exponential growth was delayed for E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the presence of PL, which has significant clinical implications for developing a dosing schedule. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential value of PL as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that would offer an alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection in equine species.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of genes important for growth of Dickeya dadantii and D. dianthicola in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler C. Helmann ◽  
Melanie J. Filiatrault ◽  
Paul V. Stodghill
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractDickeya species are causal agents of soft rot diseases in many economically important crops, including soft rot disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Using random barcode transposon-site sequencing (RB-TnSeq), we generated genome-wide mutant fitness profiles of Dickeya dadantii 3937, Dickeya dianthicola ME23, and Dickeya dianthicola 67-19 isolates collected after passage through several in vitro and in vivo conditions. Tubers from the potato cultivars “Atlantic”, “Dark Red Norland”, and “Upstate Abundance” provided highly similar conditions for bacterial growth. Using the homolog detection software PyParanoid, we matched fitness values for orthologous genes in the three bacterial strains. Direct comparison of fitness among the strains highlighted shared and variable traits important for growth. Bacterial growth in minimal medium required many metabolic traits that were also essential for competitive growth in planta, such as amino acid, carbohydrate, and nucleotide biosynthesis. Growth in tubers specifically required the pectin degradation gene kduD. Disruption in three putative DNA-binding proteins had strain-specific effects on competitive fitness in tubers. Though the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae can cause disease with little host specificity, it remains to be seen the extent to which strain-level variation impacts virulence.

scholarly journals Impact of thrombocytes, on bacterial growth and antimicrobial activity of selected antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Karoline Nussbaumer-Pröll ◽  
Sabine Eberl ◽  
Birgit Reiter ◽  
Thomas Stimpfl ◽  
Walter Jäger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn vitro pharmacodynamic models are used to optimize in vivo dosing regimens in antimicrobial drug development. One limiting factor of such models is the lack of host factors such as corpuscular blood components as erythrocytes which have already been shown to impact activity of antibiotics and/or growth of the pathogen. However, the impact of thrombocytes has not previously been investigated. We set out to investigate if the addition of thrombocytes (set to physiological concentrations in blood of healthy human, i.e., 5 × 105 thrombocytes/μL standard growth media Mueller Hinton Broth, MHB) has an influence on bacterial growth and on the efficacy of antibiotics against Gram+ and Gram− bacteria. Growth assays and time-killing-curves (TKC) were performed with ATCC-strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in triplicate over 24 h. The same approach was followed for 5 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline were tested as representatives of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and concentrations several-fold above and below the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were simulated. No significant impact of thrombocytes was found on bacterial growth or antimicrobial stability for the investigated agents. Bacteria reduced thrombocyte content to different degree, indicating direct interaction of pathogens and thrombocytes. Impact on bacterial killing was observed but was not fully reproducible when thrombocytes from different donors where used. While interaction of bacteria and thrombocytes was evident in the present study, interaction between antibiotic activity and thrombocytes seems unlikely. Whether variability was caused by different thrombocyte concentrates needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Determination of Tedizolid in Bacterial Growth Medium Mueller-Hinton Broth by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Its Application to an In Vitro Study in the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Khalid Iqbal ◽  
Aliki Milioudi ◽  
Elena Haro Martínez ◽  
Sebastian Georg Wicha
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) studies of anti-infectives are frequently performed in in vitro infection models where accurate quantification of antibiotic concentrations in bacterial growth media is crucial to establish PK/PD relationships. Here, a sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantify tedizolid (TDZ) in the bacterial growth medium Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB). Matrix components were separated by direct protein precipitation with methanol (1:1). The chromatographic separation was carried out in a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC system using an Accucore® C-18 RPMS HPLC column (2.6 µm, 100 × 2.1 mm) using isocratic elution with 25% acetonitrile and 75% of 0.1% formic acid. The lower limit of quantification was 0.03 mg/L when measured at 300 nm. Following relevant European Medicine Agency guidelines, the method was successfully validated for linearity, selectivity, recovery, inter- and intra-day precision, and accuracy and stability. When applied to in vitro PKPD studies, the method successfully quantified a range of TDZ concentration (Cmin, 0.09-Cmax, 0.65 mg/L) in MHB. The analyzed concentrations were in line with the planned PK profiles. The application of the developed method to quantify TDZ in MHB in in vitro PKPD studies is warranted.

scholarly journals Serendipita Species Trigger Cultivar-Specific Responses to Fusarium Wilt in Tomato

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Ghezel Sefloo ◽  
Krzysztof Wieczorek ◽  
Siegrid Steinkellner ◽  
Karin Hage-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

The endophytic fungi Serendipita indica and S. vermifera have recently gained increasing attention due to their beneficial effects on plant growth and plant health. Little is known about other species, such as S. williamsii and S. herbamans. To test their biocontrol and growth-promoting potential, susceptible and tolerant tomato cultivars (Kremser Perle and Micro-Tom, respectively) were inoculated with S. williamsii, S. herbamans, S. indica, or S. vermifera and challenged with the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in greenhouse experiments. Furthermore, in vitro assays on the direct inhibitory effects of Serendipita spp. against Fol were performed. Negative effects of Fol on phenological growth in the susceptible cultivar were alleviated by all four applied Serendipita spp. Apart from these similar effects on biometric parameters, disease incidence was only reduced by S. herbamans and S. vermifera. In the tolerant cultivar, disease parameters remained unaffected although shoot dry mass was negatively affected by S. vermifera. Direct effects of Serendipita spp. against Fol were not evident in the in vitro assays indicating an indirect effect via the host plant. Our results highlight the importance of identifying cultivar-specific effects in pathogen–endophyte–plant interactions to determine the most beneficial combinations.

scholarly journals Optimizing Suitable Antibiotics for Bacterium Control in Micropropagation of Cherry Rootstock Using a Modified Leaf Disk Diffusion Method and E Test

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglin Liang ◽  
Rendun Wu ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Tian Wan ◽  
Yuliang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
In Vitro Plant ◽  
High Concentrations

Bacterial contamination is a major and constant threat to the establishment and subculture of in vitro plant culture. In this study, we used a slightly modified qualitative disk diffusion method to screen optimal antibiotics to control the growth of bacterial contaminants isolated from explants of cherry rootstock ‘Gisela 6’. Bacterial susceptibility to eight different antibiotics was tested. The results showed that tetracycline was the most effective antibiotic for controlling bacterial growth; cefotaxime, carbenicillin, kanamycin, and streptomycin were less effective, whereas ampicillin, penicillin, and cefazolin did not inhibit growth of the isolated bacteria. Using the quantitative E test, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline was determined to be 1.0 µg mL−1. We also measured the Fv/Fm values, chlorophyll content, and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase to explore the effect of different tetracycline concentrations, 0, 0.064, 0.5, 1.0, 16, and 256 µg mL−1, on the growth of bacteria and explants over 30 days. Results indicated that 1.0 µg mL−1 tetracycline was effective in restricting bacterial growth, with non-significant negative effects on explants at low concentrations, but were enhanced negative effects at high concentrations. The application of the disk diffusion method and E test enabled the identification of an antibiotic and its MIC value effective for eliminating bacterial contaminants while causing minimal damage to explants, indicating a high potential of these methods to control bacterial contaminants in in vitro plant culture.

scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Solid Phase Fractionation for Systematic Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Hemp with Methane Mitigation Potential

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Rikke Hald Jensen ◽  
Marie Rønn ◽  
Mirka Thorsteinsson ◽  
Dana W. Olijhoek ◽  
Mette Olaf Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns

This study systematically evaluates the presence of methane mitigating metabolites in two hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties, Futura 75 and Finola. Hemp metabolites were extracted with methanol and fractionated using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). Extracts, fractions, and the remaining pulp were screened for their methane mitigating potential using an in vitro model of rumen fermentation. The bioactive metabolites were identified with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). When incubated with a standard feed (maize silage), the extract of Futura 75 significantly reduced methane production compared to that of control (without added extract) and without negative effects on feed degradability and volatile fatty acid patterns. The compounds responsible for the methane mitigating effect were assigned to flavonoid glycosides. However, none of the fractions of Futura 75 or the pulp exhibited similar effect on methane emission. Butyric acid concentration in the fermentation inoculum was significantly increased, which could indicate why methane production was higher, when incubated with the fractions and the pulp. The extract of Finola did not show a similar significant effect, however, there was a numerical tendency towards lower methane production. The difference in methane mitigating properties between Cannabis sativa L. Futura 75 and Finola, could be related to the content of bioactive flavonoids.

scholarly journals KONSENTRASI HAMBAT MINIMUM EKSTRAK ETHANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indicha) DAN DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum L) SERTA CAMPURAN DAUN BELUNTAS DAN DAUN KEMANGI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) PADA PENDERITA PROSTATITIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isnainy Hidayati ◽  
Sukarjati Sukarjati
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
E Coli

Prostatitis is a disease caused by bacteria, especially (E. coli, S. aureus). Treatment of diseases using antibiotics cause negative effects on the environment, pathogenic bacterial resistance, and antibiotic residues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an antibacterial alternative from natural ingredients for the treatment of this disease. One of the natural ingredients that are antibacterial is basil leaf extract and beluntas leaves that have antibacterial inhibitory power. This research aims to prove the antibacterial activity of basil leaf extract and beluntas leaves in vitro. The treatments used were P0 (control), P1 (1.56%), P2 (3.125%), P3 (6.25%), P4 (12.5%), P5 (25%), P6 (50% ), P7 (100% ).. The parameters observed were bacterial growth on culture medium. The result of MIC (the lowest concentration of dilution that can inhibit bacterial growth) is seen from the treatment media turbidity and MBC result (the lowest concentration of dilution that can kill bacteria) seen from bacterial colony growth on NAP media. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that basil leaf extract and beluntas leaves can inhibit growth or killing (E. coli, S. aureus) in prostatitis patients.   Keywords: Prostatitis, antibacterial activity, microbial inhibition

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