scholarly journals Maternal Antibiotic Treatment Disrupts the Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Development in Neonatal Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Ming Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Chu Chou ◽  
Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Neonatal Mice

Maternal antibiotic treatment (MAT) during prenatal and intrapartum periods alters the bacterial composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of the offspring. The effect of MAT during pregnancy on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with intestinal development remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of MAT during pregnancy on intestinal microbiota, injury and inflammation, vascularization, cellular proliferation, and the intestinal barrier in neonatal mice. At timed intervals, we fed pregnant C57BL/6N mice sterile drinking water containing antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin; all 1 mg/ml) from gestational day 15 to delivery. The control dams were fed sterile drinking water. Antibiotic administration was halted immediately after birth. On postnatal day 7, the intestinal microbiota was sampled from the lower gastrointestinal tract and the ileum was harvested for histology, Western blot, and cytokines analyses. MAT significantly reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine compared with their abundances in the control group. MAT also significantly increased intestinal injury score and cytokine levels, reduced the number of intestinal goblet cells and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, and reduced the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and tight junction proteins. Therefore, we proposed that maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy disrupts the intestinal microbiota and intestinal development in neonatal mice.

Intestinal microbiota and oral administration of Enterococcus faecium associated with the growth performance of new-born piglets

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.B. Wang ◽  
W. Du ◽  
A.K. Fu ◽  
X.P. Zhang ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Born ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Weaning Piglets

The oral administration of Enterococcus faecium EF1 to new-born suckling and weaning piglets along with their growth performances and intestinal microbiota was investigated in this study. Twenty-four new-born piglets were initially divided into 2 groups. The probiotics group received 2 ml of 10% sterilised skimmed milk by oral gavage supplemented with 6×108 cfu/ml viable E. faecium EF1 at the first, the third and the fifth day after birth, while the control group received 2 ml of 10% sterilised skimmed milk without probiotics at the same time. Results showed that oral administration of E. faecium EF1 was associated with a remarkable increase on the body weight of piglets for both suckling and weaning periods, by 30.73% (P<0.01) and 320.84% (P<0.01), and also decreased the diarrhoea rate, by 43.21% (P<0.05) and 71.42% (P<0.05), respectively. In addition, 454-pyrosequencing analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the intestinal microbial diversity of the suckling piglets between the two groups; nevertheless, when compared to the control group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the probiotics group was substantially augmented, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria diminished. However, results indicated that oral administration of E. faecium EF1 did not have any influence on the relative abundance of Firmicutes in weaning piglets rather than increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, at the level of the Firmicutes phylum, the relative abundance of Lactobacillales in the probiotic group increased significantly. These findings suggest that oral administration of E. faecium EF1 to new-born piglets could improve the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of piglets for both suckling and weaning periods.

scholarly journals The fermentation characteristics of Sparassis crispa polysaccharides and their effects on the intestinal microbes in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-yang Liu ◽  
Shao-jun Yun ◽  
Jin-ling Cao ◽  
Feier Cheng ◽  
Ming-chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Sparassis Crispa ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Background Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) have multiple pharmacological activities. Fermentation characteristics of SCPs and its effects on the intestinal microbes in mice remain inconclusive. Results In this study, SCPs were fermented by the human feces and used to administer the Kunming mice to explore the fermentation characteristics of SCPs in the intestinal tract and the effects on the intestinal microbes in mice. Results from in vitro experiments revealed that SCPs were utilized by intestinal microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The specific monosaccharide composition of SCPs determines which SCFAs are produced. Furthermore, the colon index and villi length of the SCPs-treated mice were significantly higher compared with the control group. In addition, SCPs exhibited beneficial effect on the relative abundance and diversity of dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract, such as increasing Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and up-regulating SCFA-producing bacteria, including Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Oscillibacter. SCPs increased the abundance of genes in carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Conclusion Our results indicate SCPs can improve the physiological indices of the colon in mice, which is likely to be associated with the increase in the relative abundance and diversity of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs level produced by intestinal microbiota. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Changes in Digestive Microbiota, Rumen Fermentations and Oxidative Stress around Parturition Are Alleviated by Live Yeast Feed Supplementation to Gestating Ewes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Lysiane Dunière ◽  
Damien Esparteiro ◽  
Yacine Lebbaoui ◽  
Philippe Ruiz ◽  
Mickael Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Live Yeast

Background: In ruminants, physiological and nutritional changes occur peripartum. We investigated if gastro-intestinal microbiota, rumen metabolism and antioxidant status were affected around parturition and what could be the impact of a daily supplementation of a live yeast additive in late gestating ewes. Methods: Rumen, feces and blood samples were collected from 2 groups of 14 ewes one month and a few days before parturition, and 2 weeks postpartum. Results: In the control ewes close to parturition, slight changes in the ruminal microbiota were observed, with a decrease in the concentration F. succinogenes and in the relative abundance of the Fibrobacteres phylum. Moreover, a decrease in the alpha-diversity of the bacterial community and a reduced relative abundance of the Fibrobacteres phylum were observed in their feces. Control ewes were prone to oxidative stress, as shown by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, a lower total antioxidant status, and higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the blood. In the yeast supplemented ewes, most of the microbial changes observed in the control group were alleviated. An increase in GPx activity, and a significant decrease in MDA concentration were measured. Conclusions: The live yeast used in this study could stabilize gastro-intestinal microbiota and reduce oxidative stress close to parturition.

scholarly journals Markers of Cellular Proliferation, Apoptosis, Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor Expression and Fibrosis in Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator (Ulipristal Acetate)-Treated Uterine Fibroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Iwona Szydłowska ◽  
Marta Grabowska ◽  
Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Piasecka ◽  
Andrzej Starczewski
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ulipristal Acetate ◽  
Receptor Modulator

There appear to be very few data on the exact mechanisms of a selective progesterone receptor modulator action in myomas. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of ulipristal acetate (UPA) on fibroids, especially on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) immunoexpression, proliferation, apoptosis and tissue fibrosis, and to compare the above parameters in untreated (surgical attention only) and UPA-treated leiomyomas. UPA-treated patients were divided into three groups: (1) good response (≥25% reduction in volume of fibroid), (2) weak response (insignificant volume reduction) and (3) no response to treatment (no decrease or increase in fibroid volume). The study observed a significant decrease in the percentage of collagen volume fraction and ER and PR immunoexpression in the good response group, in the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- and Ki67-positive cells in the groups with good and weak reactions vs. control group; significantly higher apoptotic index (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells) in the good reaction group vs. control group. The results of the study indicate that a good response to UPA, manifested by a volume reduction of myoma, may be associated with a decrease in fibrosis, ER/PR and PCNA and Ki67 immunoexpression and an increase in cell apoptosis within the myoma.

scholarly journals Expansion and persistence of antibiotic-specific resistance genes following antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Kang ◽  
Lejla Imamovic ◽  
Maria-Anna Misiakou ◽  
Maria Bornakke Sørensen ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Human Gut

Abstract Background. Oral antibiotics are commonly prescribed to non-hospitalized adults. However, antibiotic-induced changes on the human gut microbiome are often investigated in cohorts with pre-existing health conditions and/or concomitant medication, leaving the effects of antibiotics not completely understood.Results. We used a combination of omic approaches to comprehensively assess the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and particularly the gut resistome of a small cohort of healthy adults. We observed that 3 to 19 species per individual proliferated during antibiotic treatment and Gram-negative species expanded significantly in relative abundance. While the overall relative abundance of antibiotic resistance gene homologues did not significantly change, antibiotic-specific gene homologues with presumed resistance towards the administered antibiotics were common in proliferating species and significantly increased in relative abundance. Virome sequencing and plasmid analysis showed the expansion of antibiotic-specific resistance gene homologues even three months after antibiotic administration, while paired-end read analysis suggested their dissemination among different species.Conclusions. These results suggest that antibiotic treatment can lead to a persistent expansion of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota and provide further data in support of good antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous fecal microbiota transplant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (460) ◽  
pp. eaap9489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Taur ◽  
Katharine Coyte ◽  
Jonas Schluter ◽  
Elizabeth Robilotti ◽  
Cesar Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Antibiotic treatment can deplete the commensal bacteria of a patient’s gut microbiota and, paradoxically, increase their risk of subsequent infections. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), antibiotic administration is essential for optimal clinical outcomes but significantly disrupts intestinal microbiota diversity, leading to loss of many beneficial microbes. Although gut microbiota diversity loss during allo-HSCT is associated with increased mortality, approaches to reestablish depleted commensal bacteria have yet to be developed. We have initiated a randomized, controlled clinical trial of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (auto-FMT) versus no intervention and have analyzed the intestinal microbiota profiles of 25 allo-HSCT patients (14 who received auto-FMT treatment and 11 control patients who did not). Changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition revealed that the auto-FMT intervention boosted microbial diversity and reestablished the intestinal microbiota composition that the patient had before antibiotic treatment and allo-HSCT. These results demonstrate the potential for fecal sample banking and posttreatment remediation of a patient’s gut microbiota after microbiota-depleting antibiotic treatment during allo-HSCT.

Cell Kinetics and Apoptosis in Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Georgiou ◽  
Ilias P. Gomatos ◽  
John Giotakis ◽  
Nikolaos B. Pararas ◽  
Eleutherios Ferekidis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Unfavorable Clinical Outcome

Cellular proliferation and apoptosis are both implicated in the process of carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to access the prognostic significance of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the apoptosis-related genes (bax, bcl-2, and p53) in laryngeal carcinoma patients. Thirty consecutive patients with stage I to IV squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma were treated in our department from 1992 to 1994. We immunohistochemically studied the expression of PCNA and bax, bcl-2, and p53 genes in their tumor specimens. Five healthy men were used as the control group. The staining results were correlated with clinicopathologic data. The PCNA protein expression was correlated with a significantly worse survival in those patients who were bax-negative (0% versus 42.86%, p =.0445). Similarly, the presence of PCNA led to an unfavorable clinical outcome in those patients who were bax-negative, bcl-2-negative, and p53-negative (0% versus 50%, p =.0278). Expression of bcl-2 protein was found to be an independent prognostic factor related to an unfavorable clinical outcome (p =.0262). The expression of bcl-2 protein appears to predict survival in laryngeal carcinoma patients. Furthermore, the combined study of proliferation markers and apoptosis-related genes helped us to identify a high-risk group of patients who may benefit from a more aggressive treatment protocol.

scholarly journals Prebiotic supplementation over a cold season and during antibiotic treatment specifically modulates the gut microbiota composition of 3-6 year-old children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soldi ◽  
S. Vasileiadis ◽  
S. Lohner ◽  
F. Uggeri ◽  
E. Puglisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Supplementing kindergarten children during a cold season with a prebiotic inulin-type fructans product with shorter and longer fructan chains has been shown to reduce febrile episodes requiring medical attention and to lower the incidence of sinusitis. These beneficial effects may be connected to the specific modulation of children’s gut microbiota. By applying quantitative and qualitative microbiota analysis this study aimed at characterising the gut microbiota composition and at exploring effects of prebiotic intervention on the gut microbiota during a 24-weeks intervention and during antibiotic treatment in healthy children. The study was a randomised, placebo-controlled trial with 258 healthy children aged 3 to 6 years consuming 6 g/day prebiotic inulin-type fructans or maltodextrin. During the course of the study, faecal samples were collected and subject to targeted qPCR analysis and phylogenetic profiling by multiplexed high throughput sequencing of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons. The microbiota composition of the cohort could be clustered into three distinct constellations (enterotypes). Prebiotic intake resulted in a selective modulation of the gut microbiota composition. Relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in the prebiotic group (n=104) compared to control group (n=105) and this effect was found for all three enterotypes. Antibiotic administration decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in both groups. Nonetheless, children of the prebiotic group receiving antibiotic treatment displayed significantly higher levels of Bifidobacterium than children receiving the placebo control. Prebiotic supplementation induced specific changes in the gut microbiota composition of children aged 3 to 6 years. Moreover, it attenuated antibiotic-induced disturbances in the gut microbiota composition as shown by higher relative abundance of bifidobacteria at the end of the antibiotic treatment in the prebiotic group. With the previously reported benefits on immune function, the study contributes to the evidence on the immune-modulating effects of prebiotics through gut microbiota modifications. The study was registered as NCT03241355 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03241355 ).

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Tributyrin on Growth Performance, Biochemical Indices, and Intestinal Microbiota of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Li Gong ◽  
Gengsheng Xiao ◽  
Liwei Zheng ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
Qien Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tributyrin on growth performance, biochemical indices and intestinal microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. 360 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to three treatments with six replicates of 20 chicks each, including a normal control group (NC), an antibiotic group (PC), and a tributyrin (250 mg/kg) group (TB) for 63 days. The results showed that compared with the control, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the TB group decreased during the d22 to d42 (p < 0.05) and overall, the final weight and FCR of broilers tended to increase and decrease, respectively. Moreover, the TB group showed the highest creatine concentrations at the entire period (p < 0.05). TB treatment increased the Bacteroidetes relative abundance and decreased Firmicutes. Principal coordinates analysis yielded clear clustering of the three groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis found seven differentially abundant taxa in the TB group, including several members of Bacteroidedetes. The relative abundance of Eisenbergiella, Phascolarctobacterium, Megasphaera and Intestinimonas increased in tributyrin-treated broilers. Spearman correlation analysis identified a correlation between Eisenbergiella abundance and overall feed efficiency. These results demonstrated that tributyrin could improve the growth performance by modulating blood biochemical indices and the cecal microflora composition of broilers.

scholarly journals Allopurinol Suppresses Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Tumorigenesis in C57BL/KsJ-db/db Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
Junichi Kato ◽  
Yohei Shirakami ◽  
Kimihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Taku Mizutani ◽  
Takayasu Ideta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor

Obesity and related metabolic disorders, including chronic inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress, are closely associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that increased serum uric acid is associated with the risk for various types of cancer, including colon cancer. This study examined the effects of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, widely used as a uric acid lowering medicine, on colorectal tumorigenesis in obese mice. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were injected with azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight) and then received drinking water containing allopurinol (30 mg/kg body weight) for fourteen weeks. At the time of sacrifice, allopurinol treatment significantly inhibited the development of colonic premalignant lesions. In the allopurinol-treated group, cellular proliferation in colonic mucosa was significantly suppressed, which was evaluated by the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Allopurinol also inhibited macrophage infiltration in the adipose tissue and decreased the serum level of TNF-α. The values of oxidative stress markers were markedly decreased in the allopurinol-treated group compared to those in the control group. These findings suggest that allopurinol attenuated chronic inflammation and decreased oxidative stress, preventing the development of colonic pre-neoplastic lesions in obesity-associated colon tumorigenesis model.

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