scholarly journals Desire for Success Awakens: Proof of Competence Restoration in a Non-competitive Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Meng ◽  
Guanxiong Pei ◽  
Yupei Zhang ◽  
Jia Jin
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Restorative Process ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Stop Watch

Pioneering studies reported that individuals who worked on a highly difficult task and experienced competence frustration beforehand would activate a restorative process and show enhanced autonomous motivation in a subsequent irrelevant activity. In this follow-up study, we explored the effect of prior competition outcome on one’s autonomous motivation in a subsequent non-competitive environment. According to our experimental manipulation, participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (a winning group and a losing group) and a control group. The experiment lasted for three sessions. Participants in the control group completed a single-player stop-watch (SW) task all along, while those in both treatment groups worked on a competitive SW task and competed for monetary rewards during Session 2 only. Electrophysiological data in Session 1 serve as the baseline and measure one’s trait-level autonomous motivation towards the SW game. For participants in the losing group, more pronounced difference wave of feedback-related negativity was observed in Session 3 compared with Session 1, suggesting enhanced autonomous motivation in Session 3. Such a pattern was observed in neither the winning group nor the control group. These results suggested that failure in a prior competition would activate one’s competence restoration in a subsequent non-competitive environment. Task difficulty and social competition are varied sources of competence frustration. Thus, our findings advanced understanding of the competence restorative process and helped clarify the dynamics between competition and human motivation.

Capsular closure versus unrepaired interportal capsulotomy after hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, results of a patient-blinded randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110057
Author(s):  
Niels H Bech ◽  
Inger N Sierevelt ◽  
Sheryl de Waard ◽  
Boudijn S H Joling ◽  
Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Hip capsular management after hip arthroscopy remains a topic of debate. Most available current literature is of poor quality and are retrospective or cohort studies. As of today, no clear consensus exists on capsular management after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of routine capsular closure versus unrepaired capsulotomy after interportal capsulotomy measured with NRS pain and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Materials and methods: All eligible patients with femoroacetabular impingement who opt for hip arthroscopy ( n = 116) were randomly assigned to one of both treatment groups and were operated by a single surgeon. Postoperative pain was measured with the NRS score weekly the first 12 weeks after surgery. The HAGOS questionnaire was measured at 12 and 52 weeks postoperatively. Results: Baseline characteristics and operation details were comparable between treatment groups. Regarding the NRS pain no significant difference was found between groups at any point the first 12 weeks after surgery ( p = 0.67). Both groups significantly improved after surgery ( p < 0.001). After 3 months follow-up there were no differences between groups for the HAGOS questionnaire except for the domain sport ( p = 0.02) in favour of the control group. After 12 months follow-up there were no differences between both treatment groups on all HAGOS domains ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this randomised controlled trial show highest possible evidence that there is no reason for routinely capsular closure after interportal capsulotomy at the end of hip arthroscopy. Trial Registration: This trial was registered at the CCMO Dutch Trial Register: NL55669.048.15.

Prevention of Progression to Severe Obesity in a Group of Obese Schoolchildren Treated With Family Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-884
Author(s):  
Carl-Erik Flodmark ◽  
Torsten Ohlsson ◽  
Olof Rydén ◽  
Tomas Sveger
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Conventional Treatment Group ◽  
The Family

Study objective. To evaluate the effect of family therapy on childhood obesity. Design. Clinical trial. One year follow-up. Setting. Referral from school after screening. Participants. Of 1774 children (aged 10 to 11), screened for obesity, 44 obese children were divided into two treatment groups. In an untreated control group of 50 obese children, screened in the same manner, body mass index (BMI) values were recorded twice, at 10 to 11 and at 14 years of age. Intervention. Both treatment groups received comparable dietary counseling and medical checkups for a period of 14 to 18 months, while one of the groups also received family therapy. Results. At the 1-year follow-up, when the children were 14 years of age, intention-to-treat analyses were made of the weight and height data for 39 of 44 children in the two treatment groups and for 48 of the 50 control children. The increase of BMI in the family therapy group was less than in the conventional treatment group at the end of treatment, and less than in the control group (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Moreover, mean BMI was significantly lower in the family therapy group than in the control group (P &lt; .05), and the family therapy group also had fewer children with BMI &gt; 30 than the control group (P = .02). The reduction of triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, expressed as percentages of the initial values, was significantly greater in the family therapy group than in the conventional treatment group (P = .03, P = .005 and P = .002, respectively), and their physical fitness was significantly better (P &lt; .05). Conclusions. Family therapy seems to be effective in preventing progression to severe obesity during adolescence if the treatment starts at 10 to 11 years of age.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mycophenolate on the Formation of Granulation Tissue Post-operatively in Canine Tracheal Stent Patients (2014–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin F. Barber ◽  
Catherine A. Loughin ◽  
Dominic J. Marino ◽  
Martin Lesser
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tracheal Lumen ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tracheal Stent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tracheal Collapse

Objectives: To determine if mycophenolate mofetil reduces the incidence and severity of granulation tissue in-growth in canine tracheal stent patients.Study design: Randomized clinical trial.Animals: 111 dogs from the hospital population.Methods: Client-owned dogs that received an endoluminal self-expanding tracheal stent for canine tracheal collapse between 2014 and 2020 were randomly assigned into one of two treatment groups. Control group medication protocol consisted of prednisone 0.5 mg/kg PO BID/SID/EOD × 30 days, hydrocodone 0.25 mg/kg PO TID × 30 days, and cefovecin 8 mg/kg SQ post-placement. Mycophenolate group medication protocol was identical to the control group medication protocol with the addition of mycophenolate mofetil 10 mg/kg PO BID × 30 days, SID for life. Recheck tracheoscopy was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months post-stent placement. Presence and severity of granulation tissue were determined by tracheoscopy and were recorded as a percentage of tracheal lumen obstruction by blinded evaluators (none present, &lt;25%, &gt;25–50%, and &gt;50%).Results: At none of the three time points was there a statistically significant difference in grade between controls and those receiving mycophenolate (p = 0.467, p = 0.330, and p = 0.410).Conclusions and Clinical Significance: Our results suggest that mycophenolate can be safely given to these patients but do not support that its administration will reduce the incidence and severity of granulation tissue. Although a difference was observed in the severity of granulation tissue between the two groups, loss to follow-up may have influenced conclusions. A larger study would be warranted to further evaluate the effect of mycophenolate on the development of granulation tissue.

Autonomous Mode of Systematic Dilemma Counseling

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Wagman
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
Contact Control ◽  
And Control

The autonomous dilemma counseling system is described and evaluated. The Dilemma Counseling Module teaches the dilemma problem-solving method. Solution components contain 75 representative life-choice problems and over 400 specific and general solutions. The Dilemma Therapeuter Component provides, on cassettes, supportive commentary from a counselor. 75 students with troublesome psychological dilemmas were randomly assigned to treatment groups or to a no-contact control group. One treatment condition consisted of the complete system while the other condition omitted the Dilemma Therapeuter. Treatment and control subjects responded to measures of problem improvement at a 1-wk. follow-up session. Each treatment group improved significantly more than the control group. Treatment groups did not differ. Findings are compared with those of a previous experiment in which the same design and dependent measures were used but in which treatment was given counselors using either the Dilemma Counseling ( n = 20) or an eclectic method ( n = 20). A combined analysis indicated no difference between the autonomous and counselors' treatments. It was concluded that the system can be independently applied. Future research is discussed.

Longitudinal Effects of Early Literacy Concepts on Reading Achievement: A Kindergarten Intervention and Five-Year Follow-up

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Phillips ◽  
Stephen P. Norris ◽  
Jana M. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Early Literacy ◽  
Literacy Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Language Program ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
At Home

The effects of a literacy intervention in kindergarten were measured using a control-group design. Three treatment groups were taught using beginning-reading booklets to complement the authorized language program. One group used the booklets at home; the second, both in school and at home; and the third, in school only. Data were gathered at the beginning of kindergarten and at the end of kindergarten, first, second, third, and fourth grades. Results indicated that children's knowledge of early literacy concepts increased during kindergarten, and that this improved students' reading achievement for the next 4 years. Effects were strongest and longest lasting for the in-school group.

Integrating Low- and High-Level Skills in Instructional Protocols for Writing Disabilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia W. Berninger ◽  
Robert D. Abbott ◽  
Diane Whitaker ◽  
Leihua Sylvester ◽  
Susan B. Nolen
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Work Avoidance ◽  
Contact Control ◽  
High Level

Twenty-four children with writing problems were given instruction in handwriting automaticity, spelling strategies, and the composing process (plan, write, review, revise) in 14 one-hour individual tutorials during the summer between third and fourth grade. Half the children (8 boys, 4 girls) received extra practice in composing, while half the children (8 boys, 4 girls) received special training in orthographic and phonological coding. Hierarchical linear modeling of growth curves was used to compare the treatment groups to a non-contact control group (10 boys, 5 girls) on a standard battery at pretest, midtest, posttest, and the two treatment groups with each other on probe measures of handwriting, spelling, and composition in each tutorial session. The treatment groups improved at a faster rate than the control group on some measures of handwriting, spelling, and composition (fluency and quality) in the standard battery, but Verbal IQ did not predict rate of improvement. Differences were found between the two treatment groups in some probe measures of writing and a motivation variable (work avoidance). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare treatment groups to a non-contact control group at pretest, midtest, posttest, and follow-up. Differences between the treatment and control groups favoring the treatment groups were maintained at 6-month follow-up on some handwriting, spelling, and composition (quality) measures. Individual differences were found in learner characteristics prior to treatment and in response to the same treatment. The importance of affect and motivation as well as cognitive variables is emphasized.

scholarly journals Perfusion Changes in Acute Stroke Treated with Theophylline as an Add-on to Thrombolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Modrau ◽  
Anthony Winder ◽  
Niels Hjort ◽  
Martin Nygård Johansen ◽  
Grethe Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infarct Core ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stroke Models ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Purpose Theophylline has been suggested to have a neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke; however, results from animal stroke models and clinical trials in humans are controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of theophylline on the cerebral perfusion with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and relative mean transit time (rMTT) in the infarct core, penumbra, and unaffected tissue were measured using multi-parametric MRI at baseline and 3‑h follow-up in patients treated with theophylline or placebo as an add-on to thrombolytic therapy. Results No significant differences in mean rCBF, rCBV, and rMTT was found in the penumbra and unaffected tissue between the theophylline group and the control group between baseline and 3‑h follow-up. In the infarct core, mean rCBV increased on average by 0.05 in the theophylline group and decreased by 0.14 in the control group (p < 0.04). Mean rCBF and mean rMTT in the infarct core were similar between the two treatment groups. Conclusion The results indicate that theophylline does not change the perfusion in potentially salvageable penumbral tissue but only affects the rCBV in the infarct core. In contrast to the penumbra, the infarct core is unlikely to be salvageable, which might explain why theophylline failed in clinical trials.

scholarly journals The Effects of Various Kinds of Form-Focused Instruction on Learners' Ability to Comprehend and Produce Polite Requests in English

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Structured Input ◽  
Japanese Learners Of English ◽  
Inductive Treatment ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Japanese Learners

This study involving 60 Japanese learners of English investigated the effects of various kinds of form-focused instruction on learners' ability to comprehend and produce polite requests in English. Each treatment group received one of the following: (a) deductive instruction; (b) inductive instruction with problem-solving tasks; or (c) inductive instruction with structured input tasks. These tasks all involved explicit input-based instruction and were intended to test for differences in deductive versus inductive treatments. Treatment group performance was compared with that of a control group on a range of input- and output-based pretests, posttests, and follow-up tests. The results indicate that the three treatment groups performed significantly better than the control group, suggesting that in this study explicit input-based instruction was effective both deductively and inductively for learners' comprehension and production of English polite requests. There was also some indication that inductive treatment may be superior in the longer term.

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence Training in Team Sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Campo ◽  
Sylvain Laborde ◽  
Emma Mosley
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Emotional Intelligence Training ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Do So

Abstract. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of an emotional intelligence (EI) training intervention to improve EI at trait level. Sixty-seven rugby players participated in the study. One group received a specific EI training intervention, while the other group served as a control group. The intervention consisted of four face-to-face sessions over a 5-month period, with homework and follow-up procedures. Results showed that the EI training was partially successful in increasing EI, and demonstrates it is possible to enhance EI at trait level in participants while they may not have preexisting motivation to do so.

scholarly journals Estrus Induction and Fertility Response following Ovsynch Alone and Ovsynch plus PRID Protocol in Postpartum Anestrus Surti buffaloes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Khasatiya ◽  
H. R. Savani ◽  
Swati Saxena ◽  
M. D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

The study was undertaken to find out the estrus induction and conception rate in 18 postpartum anestrus Surti buffaloes divided equally into three groups and treated with Ovsynch protocol alone and in combination with PRID, keeping one group as control. The use of Ovsynch alone and Ovsynch + PRID protocols with fixed-time artificial insemination resulted in 100% estrus induction with 66.66% and 50.00% conception rate at induced estrus, respectively, and the overall conception rate was 83.33% in both the groups. In untreated anestrus control (n=6), only four (66.66%) buffaloes exhibited spontaneous estrus within 120 days of follow-up and conceived giving the first service and overall conception rate as 75.00% and 66.66%, respectively. The mean number of services per conception did not differ significantly among the treatment and control groups. The service periods of buffaloes under both the treatment groups were significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter (57.00±2.81 and 61.20±3.11 days) than the control group (104.00±20.22 days). Thus, the Ovsynch and Ovsynch + PRID protocol can be successfully used to induce fertile estrus in postpartum anestrus buffaloes.

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