scholarly journals Dissolution Study on Grape Polyphenol Hard Gelatin Capsule Dietary Supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiting Lyu ◽  
Thamer Omar ◽  
Harna Patel ◽  
David Rodriguez ◽  
Mario G. Ferruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Dissolution Study ◽  
Marker Compounds ◽  
Dissolution Apparatus ◽  
Hcl Medium ◽  
States Pharmacopeia

Methods for a dissolution study by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ/MS) analysis of grape polyphenol dietary supplements, namely, grape seed extract (GSE) and resveratrol (RSV) capsules, were developed following the guidance of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) <2040>. Two dissolution media, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2) and 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6), were evaluated with dissolution apparatus (USP 1), 100 rpm rotation speed, and 900 ml dissolution medium volume. Dissolution profiling was performed over 120 min. Major phenolic compounds of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2 were quantitated to obtain the dissolution profile of GSE capsules, and trans-RSV was used for RSV capsules. Results indicated that the released trans-RSV for RSV capsules in both of the dissolution media meets the USP standards, and that for the GSE capsules, all the four marker compounds passed the dissolution test in the HCl medium but did not reach a 75% release within 60 min in the acetate buffer. These promising results suggest that the general USP dissolution protocols are adequate for the successful release of RSV capsules in HCl medium and acetate buffer and GSE capsules (in HCl medium), but may be inadequate for GSE capsules in acetate buffer. These results showed that under a low pH of 1.2 (simulated stomach environment), bioactive compounds were released on time from the GSE capsules and met the USP guidelines; however, under a higher pH of 4.6 (simulated duodenum environment), the same biomarkers failed, suggesting the need to further improve the dissolution of GSE over a wider range of pH environments to enhance bioavailability and efficacy.

scholarly journals Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players’ Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Haniel Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Sustained Release Tablets ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ergogenic Supplements

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Soccer is an extremely competitive sport, where the most match important moments can be defined in detail. Use of ergogenic supplements can be crucial to improve the performance of a high-performance athlete. Therefore, knowing which ergogenic supplements are important for soccer players can be an interesting strategy to maintain high level in this sport until final and decisive moments of the match. In addition, other supplements, such as dietary supplements, have been studied and increasingly referenced in the scientific literature. But, what if ergogenic supplements were combined with dietary supplements? This review brings some recommendations to improve performance of soccer athletes on the field through dietary and/or ergogenic supplements that can be used simultaneously. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Soccer is a competitive sport, where the match important moments can be defined in detail. Thus, use of ergogenic supplements covered in this review can improve performance of elite soccer players maintaining high level in the match until final moments, such as creatine 3–5 g day<sup>−1</sup>, caffeine 3–6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> BW around 60 min before the match, sodium bicarbonate 0.1–0.4 g kg<sup>−1</sup> BW starting from 30 to 180 min before the match, β-alanine 3.2 and 6.4 g day<sup>−1</sup> provided in the sustained-release tablets divided into 4 times a day, and nitrate-rich beetroot juice 60 g in 200 mL of water (6 mmol of NO3<sup>−</sup> L) around 120 min before match or training, including a combination possible with taurine 50 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> BW day<sup>−1</sup>, citrulline 1.2–3.4 g day<sup>−1</sup>, and arginine 1.2–6 g day<sup>−1</sup>. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Soccer athletes can combine ergogenic and dietary supplements to improve their performance on the field. The ergogenic and dietary supplements used in a scientifically recommended dose did not demonstrate relevant side effects. The use of various evidence-based supplements can add up to further improvement in the performance of the elite soccer players.

Profiling and Quantification of the Key Phytochemicals from the Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera) and Dietary Supplements by UHPLC-PDA-MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer I. Fantoukh ◽  
Yan-Hong Wang ◽  
Abidah Parveen ◽  
Mohammed F. Hawwal ◽  
Gadah A. Al-Hamoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Drumstick Tree

Abstract Moringa oleifera is known as a drumstick tree and is cultivated in the subtropics and tropics. It exhibits antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of 9 phytochemicals in M. oleifera leaves and marketed products. The efficient separation was achieved within 7 min with a temperature of 45 °C by using a C-18 column as the stationary phase and water/acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid as the mobile phase. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection, and limits of quantification. The limits of detections of phenolic compounds 1 – 9 were as low as 0.2 µg/mL. The photodiode array detector at 220 and 255 nm wavelengths was recruited for quantification. The key phytochemicals were detected in the range of 0.42 to 2.57 mg/100 mg sample weight in 13 dietary supplements. This study considers the quantitative analysis for lignans in M. oleifera for the first time. Isoquercitrin (5) and quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-β−D-glucopyranoside (6) predominates the leaves of M. oleifera with inherent degradable nature detected for compound 6. Niazirin (2) was detected in amounts between 0.010 – 0.049 mg/100 mg while compound 1 was undetectable and potentially an artifact because of the fractionation process. The characterization and confirmation of components were achieved by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with extractive ion monitoring for the positive and negative ion modes. The developed and validated method is robust and rapid in the conclusive quantification of phytochemicals and authentication of the Moringa samples for quality assurance.

Stability of extemporaneously prepared rosuvastatin oral suspension

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 1579-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Naser Zaid ◽  
Rania Shtayah ◽  
Ayman Qadumi ◽  
Mashour Ghanem ◽  
Rawan Qedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Purpose The stability of an extemporaneously prepared rosuvastatin suspension stored over 30 days under various storage conditions was evaluated. Methods Rosuvastatin suspension was extemporaneously prepared using commercial rosuvastatin tablets as the source of active pharmaceutical ingredient. The organoleptic properties, dissolution profile, and stability of the formulation were investigated. For the stability studies, samples of the suspension were stored under 2 storage conditions, room temperature (25 °C and 60% relative humidity) and accelerated stability chambers (40 °C and 75% relative humidity). Viscosity, pH, organoleptic properties, and microbial contamination were evaluated according to the approved specifications. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis and quantification of rosuvastatin in selected samples. Microbiological investigations were also conducted. Results The prepared suspension showed acceptable organoleptic properties. It showed complete release of rosuvastatin within 15 minutes. The pH of the suspension was 9.8, which remained unchanged during the stability studies. The microbiological investigations demonstrated that the preparation was free of any microbial contamination. In addition, the suspension showed stability within at least the period of use of a 100-mL rosuvastatin bottle. Conclusion Extemporaneously prepared rosuvastatin 20-mg/mL suspension was stable for 30 days when stored at room temperature.

scholarly journals Assessment of physical and dissolution characteristics of various itraconazole capsule formulations: a comparative analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Rajan Verma ◽  
Shrikant Hodge ◽  
Chandrashekhar Gargote ◽  
Prakash Modi ◽  
Naresh Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
Innovator Product

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This <em>in vitro</em> study compared physical parameters and the dissolution profile of innovator itraconazole capsule formulation, i-Tyza, and 5 other generic capsule formulations available in the Indian market.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The number of pellets and size distribution were determined using naked eye examination and sieving method, respectively. Dissolution profile of formulations was done at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, using a United States Pharmacopeia type II Paddle apparatus in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) without enzymes, acetate buffer (pH 4.5) with 0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) with 0.5% SLS.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All formulations had capsule size 0. Capsule fill weight (~335 to ~510 mg) and total pellet number (127 to 810) varied across formulation, with the innovator brand having the highest number of pellets. Innovator product and i-Tyza had similar fill weight (~460 mg). Pellet size distribution of the innovator product, brand 2, brand 3, and i-Tyza was relatively narrow. In SGF, except brand 1 (84% dissolved) and brand 5 (80% dissolved), all the formulations had near-complete (&gt;85% drug dissolved) or complete dissolution (&gt;90% drug dissolved) at 60 minutes. In acetate buffer, pH 4.5 with 0.5% SLS and phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 with 0.5% SLS, only the innovator product and i-Tyza demonstrated near-complete to complete dissolution at 60 minutes (96% and 90% dissolved).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Across all the itraconazole generic formulations evaluated, i-Tyza had comparable physical characteristics and dissolution profile to the innovator product. The <em>in vitro</em> dissolution profile of i-Tyza may indicate adequate <em>in vivo</em> performance.</p>

EFFECT OF DRUG TO B-CYCLODEXTRIN RATIO AND METHOD OF COMPLEXATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF B-CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX OF OFLOXACIN

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
M Panchpuri ◽  
◽  
D Singh ◽  
A Semalty ◽  
M. Semalty
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dissolution Study ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Kneading Method ◽  
Made In

Ofloxacin, a second generation fluoroquinolone, shows poor aqueous solubility and dissolution profile. Thus, ofloxacin–β-cyclodextrin complexes were prepared to improve its dissolution by imparting an environment of improved hydrophilicity. Ofloxacin was complexed with β-cyclodextrin (in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio) by two different methods namely, solvent evaporation and kneading method. These inclusion complexes were evaluated for solubility, drug content, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and in vitro dissolution study. The highest drug content (35.45%) was found in complex made by kneading method (OK1:1) in 1:1 molar ratio. All the complexes OSE1:1, OSE1:2, OK1:1, OK1:2 were found to be showing rough and porous surface morphology in SEM. Solubility as well as the dissolution of the complexes was found to be improved. Complex prepared by kneading method in 1:1 molar ratio (OK1:1) showed a marked improvement in percent drug release (88.94%) than that of pure drug (54.22%) at the end of 1 hour in dissolution study. FTIR, DSC and XRPD data confirmed the formation of inclusion complex. It was concluded that the complex made in 1:1 molar ratio (irrespective of the method) showed better solubility and dissolution profile as compared to complex made in 1:2 molar ratio.

scholarly journals Flavanol Glycoside Content of Grape Seeds and Skins of Vitis vinifera Varieties Grown in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pérez-Navarro ◽  
Guillaume Cazals ◽  
Christine Enjalbal ◽  
Pedro Miguel Izquierdo-Cañas ◽  
Sergio Gómez-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Grape Seed Extracts ◽  
Seed Extracts

Glycosylated flavanols (monoglycosides and diglycosides) in skin and seed extracts of Vitis vinifera grapes grown in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QQQ-MS/MS). Six grape varieties (Airén, Tempranillo, the recently identified Albillo Dorado, Montonera del Casar, Moribel, and Tinto Fragoso) were studied over two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). A total of twenty monomeric flavanol monoglycosides, four diglycosylated monomers, and three dimeric flavanol monoglycosides were detected in all grape samples. The diversity observed in the composition of glycosylated flavanol in the grape berries suggests a strong influence of variety and grape tissue (skin or seed). Monomeric flavanol glycosides were more abundant in grape seed extracts, in contrast with monoglycosylated dimeric forms. In addition, the glycosylated flavanol content was related to berry color in grape skins, with higher concentrations measured in black grape varieties.

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