Antitumor Effects of Evodiamine in Mice Model Experiments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundEvodiamine (EVO), an alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Euodia rutaecarpa, plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. This study was performed to clarify the effects of evodiamine in mice tumor model studies.MethodsElectronic databases and search engines involved China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (CSJD-VIP), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, which were searched for literature related to the antitumor effects of evodiamine in animal tumor models (all until 1 October 2021). The evodiamine effects on the tumor volume and tumor weight were compared between the treatment and control groups using the standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsEvodiamine significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice, as was assessed with tumor volume [13 studies, n=267; 138 for EVO and 129 for control; standard mean difference (SMD)= -5.99; 95% (CI): -8.89 to -3.10; I2 = 97.69%, p ≤ 0.00], tumor weight [6 studies, n=89; 49 for EVO and 40 for control; standard mean difference (SMD)= -3.51; 95% (CI): -5.13 to -3.90; I2 = 83.02%, p ≤ 0.00].ConclusionEVO significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice models, which would be beneficial for clinical transformation. However, due to the small number of studies included in this meta-analysis, the experimental design and experimental method limitations should be considered when interpreting the results. Significant clinical and animal studies are still required to evaluate whether EVO can be used in the adjuvant treatment of clinical tumor patients.

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Effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for interstitial cystitis: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27664/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Da-yin Chen ◽

Ying-xue Guo ◽

Long-xin Dong ◽

Wen-jie He ◽

Hui-feng Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Interstitial Cystitis ◽

Scientific Journal ◽

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Biomedical Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Standard Mean Difference

Abstract Background This study will examine the effectiveness and safety of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for the treatment of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods We will retrieve the following electronic databases from their commencements to the March 1, 2020 to discover all related potential studies: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and WANFANG Database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the NMES for the treatment of patients with IC will be included, regardless publication status and language. Literature selection, data collection, and study quality assessment will be independently performed by two authors. The extracted data will be expressed as risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data, and mean difference or standard mean difference and 95% CIs for continuous data. RevMan V.5.3 software will be employed for statistical analysis.Discussion This study will summarize current high quality RCTs to appraise the effectiveness and safety of NMES for the treatment of patients with IC. The findings of this study will provide helpful evidence to determine whether NMES is an effective treatment for patients with IC or not. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020170495.

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis in Comparison to Chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3469

Author(s):

Khalid H. Almadi ◽

Muhammad Adeel Ahmed ◽

Tuba Ghazal ◽

Rizwan Jouhar ◽

Mazen F. Alkahtany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Reporting Standard ◽

Standard Mean Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Propolis is proposed to possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be used in endodontic applications. However, evidence on its efficacy in comparison to chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is controversial. The aim of the current study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis and chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis in extracted human permanent teeth. The focused question was, “Does Propolis show better antibacterial efficacy than Chlorhexidine (CHX) as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis in extracted human permanent teeth?”. Databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, ISI-Web of Science were searched from 1990 to August 2020 using different combinations of the following keywords: “Propolis”, “Intracanal medicament”, “E. faecalis”, “Antibacterial activity” and “Chlorhexidine”. Ten studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were considered for qualitative analysis, followed by quantitative analysis of eight studies. Heterogeneity was calculated for colony forming units (CFU) of E. Faecalis using the Chi-square test and I2 statistics. Forest plots were computed reporting standard mean difference (SMD) of outcomes and 95% confidence intervals. The overall mean difference for CFU of E. faecalis showed a statistically significant difference between the antibacterial efficacy of Propolis and CHX (SMD = 3.20 [1.70, 4.69] Z = 4.20; p < 0.001). CHX showed superior antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis compared to Propolis.

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A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops for the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2383

Author(s):

Yun-Jung Yang ◽

Won-Young Lee ◽

Young-jin Kim ◽

Yeon-pyo Hong

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Test Scores ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Standard Mean Difference

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is commonly used for treating dry eye syndrome (DES). This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacies of HA- and non-HA-based eye drops, including saline and conventional artificial tears (ATs), for the treatment of dry eye disease. Eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, DBpia, KoreaMed, KMBASE, RISS, KISS) were searched for studies comparing the efficacies of HA- and non-HA-based ATs in patients with DES published up to September 2020. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality and extracted the relevant data. The mean differences of Schirmer’s (SH) test scores, tear breakup times (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining scores (Oxford scale, 0–4), and ocular surface disease indexes were calculated. The standard mean difference and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random effect model. Nineteen studies, including 2078 cases, were included. HA eye drops significantly improved tear production compared with non-HA-based eye drops (standard mean difference (SMD) 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.33). In a subgroup analysis, the SH test scores and TBUT values after using HA significantly increased compared to those measured after using saline (SMD 0.27; 95% CI 0.05, 0.49 and SMD 0.28; 95% CI 0.03, 0.52, respectively). Based on these results, HA eye drops may be superior to non-HA eye drops including normal saline and ATs. Further research is needed to assess the efficacies stratified by age, treatment duration, the severity of dry eye, and optimal dosages.

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Ganoderma formosanum Exopolysaccharides Inhibit Tumor Growth via Immunomodulation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222011251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (20) ◽

pp. 11251

Author(s):

Hsing-Chun Kuo ◽

Yen-Wenn Liu ◽

Chi-Chin Lum ◽

Kai-Di Hsu ◽

Shin-Ping Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Growth ◽

Carcinoma Cell ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽

Mice Model ◽

Cytokine Mrna ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

Tumor Bearing ◽

Therapeutic Model ◽

Ganoderma Formosanum

Ganoderma formosanum (GF) is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan. Previous research established the optimal culture conditions to produce exopolysaccharide rich in β-glucan (GF-EPS) from submerged fermentation of GF. The present study investigated the antitumor effects of GF-EPS in a Lewis lung carcinoma cell (LLC1) tumor-bearing mice model. In the preventive model, GF-EPS was orally administered to mice before LLC1 injection. In the therapeutic model, GF-EPS oral administration was initiated five days after tumor cell injection. The tumor size and body weight of the mice were recorded. After sacrifice, the lymphocyte subpopulation was analyzed using flow cytometry. Spleen tissues were used to analyze cytokine mRNA expression. The results showed that GF-EPS (80 mg/kg) effectively suppressed LLC1 tumor growth in both the preventive and therapeutic models. GF-EPS administration increased the proportion of natural killer cells in the spleen and activated gene expression of several cytokines. Our results provide evidence that GF-EPS promotes tumor inhibition through immunomodulation in tumor-bearing mice.

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Diagnostic Value of sST2 in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.697837 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Tianyi Zhang ◽

Chengyang Xu ◽

Rui Zhao ◽

Zhipeng Cao

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiac Troponin ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Diagnostic Biomarker ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Standard Mean Difference

Biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin (cTn), and CK-MB contribute significantly to the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have demonstrated that suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is associated with CVD, but a meta-analysis of ST2 levels in different CVDs has yet to be conducted. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate soluble ST2 (sST2) levels in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF). A total of 1,425 studies were searched across four databases, of which 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) values of all 16 studies were ≥7. The meta-analysis results indicated that the sST2 level was not correlated with IHD (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.00 to 1.16, p = 0.05) or MI (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.17, 95% CI = −0.22 to 0.55, p = 0.40) but was significantly associated with HF (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.38, p = 0.02; I2 = 99%, p < 0.00001). sST2 levels did not differ significantly between patients with IHD or MI and healthy individuals; however, we believe that ST2 could be used as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of HF.

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Associations between paraoxonase-1 and systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203319884653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (13) ◽

pp. 1571-1576

Author(s):

S -C Bae ◽

Y H Lee

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Small Sample ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Standard Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analyses

Objective The objective of this analysis was to explore associations between paraoxonase-1 levels, gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Meta-analyses of paraoxonase-1 levels and Q192R and L55M and polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus were conducted. Results Nine articles were incorporated in our meta-analysis, which uncovered that the paraoxonase-1 level was decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus compared to control (standard mean difference = −1.626, 95% confidence interval = −2.829–−0.424, p = 0.008). Ethnicity-specific meta-analysis demonstrated a relation tendency between decreased paraoxonase-1 activity and lupus in Europeans (standard mean difference = −1.236, 95% confidence interval = −2.634–0.163, p = 0.083). Paraoxonase-1 activity was reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus in a single Arab and African population. Decreased paraoxonase-1 activity was found in a small sample of systemic lupus erythematosus patients (standard mean difference = −1.642, 95% confidence interval = −3.076–−0.247, p = 0.021). Ethnicity-specific analysis indicated a relationship between the paraoxonase-1 55 M allele in the Arab systemic lupus erythematosus population. However, a lack of association with systemic lupus erythematosus and the paraoxonase-1 192 R allele was observed. Conclusions Meta-analyses revealed reduced paraoxonase-1 activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and found possible associations between systemic lupus erythematosus and paraoxonase-1 L55M polymorphism in a specific ethnic group.

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Xiao’er Xiaoji Zhike Oral Liquid Combined with Azithromycin for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9740841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Gui-Min Zhang ◽

Zhi-Yan Huang ◽

Rong Sun ◽

Shi-Li Ye ◽

Qun Feng

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Scientific Journal ◽

Effective Rate ◽

Biomedical Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Disappearance Time ◽

Oral Liquid

Background. This study was aimed at systematically evaluating the clinical effect and safety of Xiao’er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and providing evidence-based references for clinical application. Methods. The databases like Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically investigated via searching clinical trials about Xiao’er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid in treating MPP from the establishment of these databases to Jun 8, 2020, the valid data from which were entered meta-analysis. The quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE criteria. Results. Totally, 15 trials and 1500 patients were involved in this review. It showed that clinical efficacy of trial group was more superior than control group at the outcome measures of cough disappearance time, lung rale disappearance time, fever subsidence time, total effective rate, lung X-ray infiltrates disappearing time, reduction of hospital stay, immunological indexes, and some other measures. And the differences between groups were statistically significant. There was no statistical difference in the adverse effects between two groups. Lung X-ray infiltrates disappearing time and cough disappearance time were separately high- and moderate-quality evidences while lung rale disappearance time and fever subsidence time were all low in accordance with GRADE criteria. Conclusions. In accordance with trials with low methodological quality, Xiao’er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid combined with azithromycin seems to be safe and superior to azithromycin alone for the treatment of MPP in children. However, further trials with rigorous methodology need to be implemented for these potential benefits.

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Laboratory Tests and Outcome for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1093/jalm/jfaa098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1038-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne Alnor ◽

Maria B Sandberg ◽

Charlotte Gils ◽

Pernille J Vinholt

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Routine Laboratory ◽

Standard Mean Difference

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poses substantial challenges for healthcare systems. With a vastly expanding number of publications on COVID-19, clinicians need evidence synthesis to produce guidance for handling patients with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examine which routine laboratory tests are associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Content PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until March 22, 2020, for studies on COVID-19. Eligible studies were original articles reporting on laboratory tests and outcome of patients with COVID-19. Data were synthesized, and we conducted random-effects meta-analysis, and determined mean difference (MD) and standard mean difference at the biomarker level for disease severity. Risk of bias and applicability concerns were evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Summary 45 studies were included, of which 21 publications were used for the meta-analysis. Studies were heterogeneous but had low risk of bias and applicability concern in terms of patient selection and reference standard. Severe disease was associated with higher white blood cell count (MD, 1.28 ×109/L), neutrophil count (MD, 1.49 ×109/L), C-reactive protein (MD, 49.2 mg/L), lactate dehydrogenase (MD, 196 U/L), D-dimer (standardized MD, 0.58), and aspartate aminotransferase (MD, 8.5 U/L); all p < 0.001. Furthermore, low lymphocyte count (MD −0.32 × 109/L), platelet count (MD −22.4 × 109/L), and hemoglobin (MD, −4.1 g/L); all p < 0.001 were also associated with severe disease. In conclusion, several routine laboratory tests are associated with disease severity in COVID-19.

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Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews:

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/020721-111.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yousef Al-Thomali ◽

Sakeenabi Basha ◽

Roshan Noor Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Total N ◽

Standard Mean Difference ◽

Effect Of Surface

ABSTRACT Objectives To provide collective quantitative evidence about the effect of surface treatments on the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews (MSs). Materials and Methods The study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020209652). The research question was defined according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) format. Various research databases were searched for animal and human studies on effects of surface treatment on the mechanical stability of MSs. Both prospective and retrospective in vivo clinical studies published in English were included. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. Results A total of 109 articles were identified; 14 were included in the systematic review, and seven studies with sandblasting, acid etching (SLA) methods of surface treatment were included for meta-analysis. The number of study participants ranged from 6 to 24 (total n = 185), with a mean of 13.2. A total of 949 MSs were used with a mean of 67.8. The overall success rate for surface-treated MSs ranged from 47.9% to 100%. Forest plot of removal torque values showed significantly higher values for SLA surface-treated MSs compared with controls with a standard mean difference of 2.61 (95% confidence interval = 1.49–3.72, I2 = 85%). Forest plot of insertion torque showed a standard mean difference of –6.19 (95% confidence interval = –13.63–1.25, I2 = 98%, P = .10). Conclusions Surface treatment of MSs improved primary and secondary stability with good osseointegration at the bone-implant surface. However, significant heterogeneity across the studies included in the meta-analysis made it difficult to draw conclusions.

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The effectiveness and safety of cupping therapy for stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Journal of Korean Medicine ◽

10.13048/jkm.21039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 75-112

Author(s):

Mikyung Kim ◽

Chang-ho Han

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Motor Function ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Standard Mean Difference

Objectives: ncluding stroke. The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinical evidence of CT for stroke.Methods: To identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effectiveness and/or safety of CT, seven databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from January 2000 to February 2021 without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and the results were presented as mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) for continuous variables and odds ratio (OR) for diverse variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Assessment of the methodological quality of the eligible trials was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for risk of bias in RCTs.Results: Twenty-two RCTs with 1653 participants were included in the final analysis. CT provided additional benefit in improving upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper limb motor function, MD 6.91, 95% CI 4.64 to 1.67, P<0.00001) and spasticity (response rate, OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.31 to 8.22, P=0.08) in stroke survivors receiving conventional medical treatment. These findings were supported with a moderate level of evidence. CT did not significantly increase the occurrence of adverse events.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential of CT to be beneficial in managing a variety of complications in stroke survivors. However, to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing evidence, rigorously designed large-scale RCTs are warranted in the future.

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