scholarly journals Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyi Wang ◽  
Shangying Ma ◽  
Feifan Lai ◽  
Yiqi Wang ◽  
Chenghua Lou
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (EL) has a long history of traditional use in China to cure coughs, chronic bronchitis, lobar pneumonia, and hypertension. Because of this extensive use of EL in traditional medicine, this present review gives a systematic overview of the conventional applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects of the herb. Literature was systematically searched using the scientific databases ScienceDirect, SciFinder, CNKI, Wiley, Baidu Scholar, SpringerLink, PubMed, Web of Science, and other professional websites. Information was also gathered from books on traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Materia Medica. To date, many preparations of EL have been widely used clinically to treat various diseases of the respiratory system. More than 100 compounds have been isolated from the herb, including triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, acyclic diterpenoids, sterols, and so on. Among them, terpenoids are considered to be the most important bioactive substances in EL. The pharmacological functions of EL, including anti-asthmatic, anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-virus, and anti-tumor activities, have been widely investigated. However, most of the studies are preclinical research. Further studies are required to examine the underlying mechanisms of action. Traditionally, EL is used for treating many diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Unfortunately, up to now, modern studies have not yet well elucidated the conventional usage of EL. Most importantly, its biological activities and the corresponding constituents are still unclear. Moreover, studies on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of EL are few, so data on the clinical safety of EL are lacking. Taken together, research work on EL is quite preliminary. More in-depth studies of phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of the herb are needed. This review aims to provide valuable information on EL to guide future investigations and applications.

Exploring cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of Heliotropium calcareum in polar and non-polar extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Uzair ◽  
Faisal Rashid ◽  
Hamid Saeed Shah ◽  
Jamshed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Cell Cycle Analysis ◽  
G1 Phase ◽  
Traditional Use

Background: Plants are a vital source of natural drugs as the traditional use of plants as therapeutic agents for a variety of ailments has been traced back to thousands of years. The utilization of Heliotropium calcareum has been evident since ancient times for treating various disease states like inflammation associated with gout and rheumatism, poisonous bites, and other skin disorders. The current research work was carried out to determine the phytochemistry and biological activities of the crude methanolic extract obtained through maceration from the aerial parts of Heliotropium calcareum. Methods: The plant was collected from district Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Maximum phenolic (74.5 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoid content (58.99 µg QE/mg) were observed in ethyl acetate fraction. Significant antioxidant potential was observed in ethyl acetate fraction with the highest free radical hunting activity of 92.6 ± 6.7 µM. Results: Cytotoxicity assay using MTT dye was performed where non-polar (n-hexane) and polar (ethyl acetate) fractions displayed excellent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 79.95 ± 3.718 & 164 ± 4 µg/mL respectively). Furthermore, the above fractions showed momentous results in cell cycle analysis and promising proapoptotic effect against cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. An n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction were selected for cell cycle analysis to determine the quantitative measurement of the degree of apoptosis. According to the results given below in the figure, the cervical (HeLa) cancer cells were treated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions at various concentrations. An increase in the cell population at G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S-phase population concerning untreated cells suggested the G0/G1 phase arrest in n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions treated HeLa cells. Conclusion: Overall, , n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were found to be the most promising and active elements of H. calcareum and may be utilized to explore their cytotoxic effects further in the animal model.

scholarly journals Advances in Studies on the Pharmacological Activities of Fucoxanthin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Han Xiao ◽  
Jiarui Zhao ◽  
Chang Fang ◽  
Qi Cao ◽  
Maochen Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Organ Fibrosis ◽  
Active Can

Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid derived mostly from many species of marine brown algae. It is characterized by small molecular weight, is chemically active, can be easily oxidized, and has diverse biological activities, thus protecting cell components from ROS. Fucoxanthin inhibits the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, promotes weight loss, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, interacts with the intestinal flora to protect intestinal health, prevents organ fibrosis, and exerts a multitude of other beneficial effects. Thus, fucoxanthin has a wide range of applications and broad prospects. This review focuses primarily on the latest progress in research on its pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms.

Synthesis of Some New 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole, Pyrazole, and Pyrimidine Bearing Thienopyrazole Moieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 661-670
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Elian Sophy ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel Reheim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ethyl Cyanoacetate ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Mannich Reactions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Electrophilic Reagents ◽  
Cyanoacetic Acid Hydrazide

Aim and Objective: According to the literature survey, pyrazole is a unique template that is associated with several biological activities. This article highlighted the research work of many researchers reported in the literature for synthesis and different pharmacological activities of the pyrazole nucleus. In the present work, pyrazol- 3-one 1 was reacted with cyanoacetic acid hydrazide and elemental sulfur to afford the corresponding thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-6-carbohydrazide 3 derivatives. The latter compound reacted with some electrophilic reagents such as DMF-DMA, triethylorthoformate, arylidenemalononitriles and chalcones under neat conditions to give substituted oxadiazole and pyrazole, respectively. The treatment of compound 3 with active methylene reagents such as acetylacetone, diethylmalonate, ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl cyanoacetate under suitable conditions afforded pyrazole derivatives 10, 11, 13, and 15, respectively. Novel pyrazolothienopyrimidine 27 and 30 were prepared from precursor 26 with carbon disulfide and triethylorthoformate, respectively. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental and spectral analyses including IR, and 1HNMR in addition to 13C-NMR and mass spectra. Materials and Methods: A novel substituted pyrazole, pyrimidine and pyrazolothienopyrimidine were obtained via Gewald synthesis of thiophene and fused thiophene and Mannich reactions of 5-amino-3-phenyl-1Hthieno[ 3,2-c]pyrazole-6-carbohydrazide. Results and Discussion: A series of some newly azoles and azines were prepared via reaction of thieno[3,2- c]pyrazol-6-carbohydrazide derivative 3 as starting material with some electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents. The structures of target compounds were established by elemental analyses and spectral data. Conclusion: Pyrazole is a unique template that is associated with several biological activities. This article highlighted the research work of many researchers reported in the literature for synthesis and different pharmacological activities of the pyrazole nucleus. In the current investigation, we have developed new and efficient methods for the synthesis of thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-6-carbohydrazide derivatives. In addition, we have explored the preparative potential of these substances as intermediates for the synthesis of substituted pyrazoles and fused pyrazoles 10-30, respectively.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and Biology of Loranthus parasiticus Merr, a Commonly Used Herbal Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi ◽  
Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin ◽  
Chim Kei Chan ◽  
Bey Hing Goh ◽  
Habsah Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Coriaria Lactone ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Loranthus parasiticus Merr (L. parasiticus) is a member of Loranthaceae family and is an important medicinal plant with a long history of Chinese traditional use. L. parasiticus, also known as Sang Ji Sheng (in Chinese), benalu teh (in Malay) and baso-kisei (in Japanese), is a semiparasitic plant, which is mostly distributed in the southern and southwestern regions of China. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of L. parasiticus and to highlight the needs for further investigation and greater global development of the plant's medicinal properties. To date, pharmacological studies have demonstrated significant biological activities, which support the traditional use of the plant as a neuroprotective, tranquilizing, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antiviral, diuretic and hypotensive agent. In addition, studies have identified antioxidative, antimutagenic, antiviral, antihepatotoxic and antinephrotoxic activity. The key bioactive constituents in L. parasiticus include coriaria lactone comprised of sesquiterpene lactones: coriamyrtin, tutin, corianin, and coriatin. In addition, two proanthocyanidins, namely, AC trimer and (+)-catechin, have been recently discovered as novel to L. parasiticus. L. parasiticus usefulness as a medicinal plant with current widespread traditional use warrants further research, clinical trials and product development to fully exploit its medicinal value.

scholarly journals POTENT BIOLOGICAL AGENT BENZIMIDAZOLE–A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pullagura M. Krishna Prasad ◽  
Avdhut Kanvinde S. ◽  
Raja S.
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Benzimidazole Ring ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Novel Agent

<p>Benzimidazole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles exhibiting remarkable pharmacological activities. Numerous method for the synthesis of benzimidazole and also their diverse reactions offer enormous scope in the field of medicinal chemistry. Various reported biological activities (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anticancer, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antitubercular, and antiviral activity) of bezimidazole are collected and summarized here. Large numbers of drugs are available to treat various diseases, but they are associated with some drawbacks like resistance, toxicities and other adverse effects. To combat with these problems there is need to discover and synthesize newer chemical entities with better efficacy and novel mechanism of action. The benzimidazole ring is an important pharmacophore in modern drug discovery. The synthesis of novel benzimidazole derivatives remains a main focus of medicinal research. There is still scope for more research work to be done in this field to find a novel agent. The versatility of new generation benzimidazole would represent a fruitful pharmacophore for further development of better medicinal agents. Therefore this substrate has a tremendous scope for the discovery of new, better, safe and more potent biological agents.</p>

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Paeonol in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4976
Author(s):  
Shalini Vellasamy ◽  
Dharmani Murugan ◽  
Razif Abas ◽  
Aspalilah Alias ◽  
Wu Yuan Seng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Atherosclerosis Treatment

Paeonol is a naturally existing bioactive compound found in the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa and it is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. To date, a great deal of studies has been reported on the pharmacological effects of paeonol and its mechanisms of action in various diseases and conditions. In this review, the underlying mechanism of action of paeonol in cardiovascular disease has been elucidated. Recent studies have revealed that paeonol treatment improved endothelium injury, demoted inflammation, ameliorated oxidative stress, suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and repressed platelet activation. Paeonol has been reported to effectively protect the cardiovascular system either employed alone or in combination with other traditional medicines, thus, signifying it could be a hypothetically alternative or complementary atherosclerosis treatment. This review summarizes the biological and pharmacological activities of paeonol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and its associated underlying mechanisms for a better insight for future clinical practices.

Zanthoxylum: A Review of its Traditional Uses, Naturally Occurring Constituents and Pharmacological Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1307-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfa Nooreen ◽  
Sudeep Tandon ◽  
Narayan P. Yadav ◽  
Prabhat Kumar ◽  
Tran D. Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Zanthoxylum, commonly known as Timoor, has been used in different traditional systems of medicine and also for several other applications such as chemopreventive agents, tooth care, as spices, condiments, etc. Due to the pungent taste of fruits, seeds, leaves, bark, and therapeutic remedies, especially in Indian system of medicine, Eastern Asian countries and in Central America, it is being substituted for pepper. The collection of Zanthoxylum armatum DC; Syn. Z. alatum Roxb and its several species used for food, medicine and barter has been a part of the culture of many communities in different countries. The fruits and seeds of timoor are well known in ayurvedic medicine and used for different diseases. The bark of the plant has also been reported for hepatoprotective activity. Several natural compounds have been isolated and identified in several classes, from different plant parts and species. The Zanthoxylum compounds and extracts of the plant parts have been reported for several types of biological activities. This review aims to examine the detailed aspects of phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities covering maximum species of this genus. In view of the available pharmacological data and traditional use in Indian system of medicine and in other countries also, Z. armatum and other species certainly deserve more investigations. However, clinical evidence and rigorous investigations for quality control are required before any recommendation for Zanthoxylum based products.

Oligosaccharides from Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines: A Review of Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Mengyun Liu ◽  
Miaomiao Cai ◽  
Ping Ding
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chinese Herbal

Most of traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) substances come from medicinal plants, among which oligosaccharides have gradually attracted widespread attention at home and abroad due to their important biological activities and great medicinal potential. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments exhibited that oligosaccharides possess various activities, such as antitumor, anti-oxidation, modulate the gut microflora, anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, and immune-regulatory activities. Generally, biological activities are closely related to chemical structures, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond connection, etc. The structural analysis of oligosaccharides is an important basis for studying their structure–activity relationship, but the structural diversity and complexity of carbohydrate compounds limit the study of oligosaccharides activities. Understanding the structures and biological functions of oligosaccharides is important for the development of new bioactive substances with natural oligosaccharides. This review provides a systematic introduction of the current knowledge of the chemical structures and biological activities of oligosaccharides. Most importantly, the reported chemical characteristics and biological activities of the famous TCHM oligosaccharides were briefly summarized, including Morinda officinalis, Rehmannia glutinosa, Arctium lappa, Polygala tenuifolia, Panax ginseng,Lycium barbarum,andAstragalus membranaceus. TCHM oligosaccharides play an important role in nutrition, health care, disease diagnosis and prevention as well as have broad application prospects in the field of medicine.

Exploration of the Biological Potential of Benzoxazoles: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayura Kale ◽  
Vijayalaxmi Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Biological Potential

The development of benzoxazole containing drugs and research compounds has been discussed in the present review along with its varied pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antiasthmatic, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, lipid modulating, anticoagulants, antidiabetic and anthelmintic activities. The present review is a compilation of the biological activities determined in the research work conducted on benzoxazole-based compounds fused and linked with various other heterocycles.

scholarly journals Costunolide—A Bioactive Sesquiterpene Lactone with Diverse Therapeutic Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Yong Kim ◽  
Bu Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a major class of bioactive natural products. One of the naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones is costunolide, which has been extensively investigated for a wide range of biological activities. Multiple lines of preclinical studies have reported that the compound possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Many of these bioactivities are supported by mechanistic details, such as the modulation of various intracellular signaling pathways involved in precipitating tissue inflammation, tumor growth and progression, bone loss, and neurodegeneration. The key molecular targets of costunolide include, but are not limited to, intracellular kinases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, Akt kinase, telomerase, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, and redox-regulated transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB, signal transducer and activator of transcription, activator protein-1. The compound also diminished the production and/expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and cytokines. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic potential of costunolide in the management of various diseases and their underlying mechanisms.

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