scholarly journals Herb-Induced Liver Injury Related to Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke: Risk Factors, Molecular and Mechanistic Specifics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Ran Zhai ◽  
Zheng-Sheng Zou ◽  
Jia-Bo Wang ◽  
Xiao-He Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Herbal medicine is widely used in Asia as well as the west. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most severe side effects of herbal medicine which is an increasing concern around the world. Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., PM) is the most common herb that can cause herb-induced liver injury (HILI). The recent scientific and technological advancements in clinical and basic research are paving the way for a better understanding of the molecular aspects of PM-related HILI (PM-HILI). This review provides an updated overview of the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors, hepatotoxic components, and molecular mechanisms of PM-HILI. It can also aid in a better understanding of HILI and help in further research on the same.

Cancer epidemiology and public health

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Paolo Boffetta ◽  
Zuo-Feng Zhang ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

Neoplasms continue to dominate globally as one of the major sources of human disease and death. There are multiple modifiable causes of cancer and understanding their attributable risk factors for each cancer is of importance. This chapter covers the role of cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as the experimental and epidemiological approaches as determinants of the main cancers. Even if major discoveries in the clinical management of cancer patients will be accomplished in the near future, the changes will mainly affect the affluent part of the world population. Promising approaches focused on prevention of the known causes, reducing its consequences, notably in resource-constrained settings are highlighted.

scholarly journals PIWI-interacting RNAs and PIWI proteins in glioma: molecular pathogenesis and role as biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Reza Tamtaji ◽  
Mohammad Behnam ◽  
Mohammad Ali Pourattar ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin ◽  
Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Pathways

AbstractGlioma is the most common primary brain tumor, and is a major health problem throughout the world. Today, researchers have discovered many risk factors that are associated with the initiation and progression of gliomas. Studies have shown that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins are involved in tumorigenesis by epigenetic mechanisms. Hence, it seems that piRNAs and PIWI proteins may be potential prognostic, diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of glioma. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between piRNAs and PIWI proteins and some of the molecular and cellular pathways in glioma. Here, we summarize recent evidence and evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which piRNAs and PIWI proteins are involved in glioma.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and risk factors for liver injury in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 4694-4702
Author(s):  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Yu-Sheng Liao ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Characteristics

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors and clinical characteristics of elderly patients with hypertensive encephalopathy against the background of hypertension

2015 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
V. V. Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Hypertensive Encephalopathy ◽  
Middle Aged

The article presents the results of clinical and neurological examination of 105 elderly and middle- aged hipertenzivnoyu encephalopathy of II degree on a background of hypertension. The urgency of a detailed analysis of the patients to determine risk factors for cerebrovascular disease and basic research cognitive functions of patients.

scholarly journals Comparison and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Different Time Period in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhao Yang ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Weihua Hu ◽  
Jun Xiong ◽  
Menglin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Group A ◽  
Critical Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 is making deadly impact on the human lives all over the world. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the changes involved in clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients over time. Methods We conducted a retrospective study to compare the patients whose onset of illness in January with the patients whose onset of illness in February in Wuhan, China.Results Among enrolled 896 patients, the median age was 60 years (47-69 years), 685 (76.5%) were categorized into group A (patients with illness onset in January), and 211 (23.5%) were categorized into group B (patients with illness onset in February). Compared with group B, group A had a higher rate of fever (p<0.001), the lower rate of asymptomatic (p<0.001). Group A had a higher incidence of neutrophilia (p=0.043), elevated D-miner (p<0.001), increased LDH (p=0.002), but lower incidence of normal CT scan (p=0.001). CD3 cells (p=0.015) and CD4 cells p=0.04) count significantly reduced in group A. Critical patients decreased (p=0.005) and mild patients increased (p=0.001) in group B. The fatality rate significantly decreased in group B (p=0.028).Conclusions The condition of patients with onset of illness in January were more serious than patients with onset of illness in February. It indicates that virulence showed reducing effect, but more basic research is required to support the hypothesis.

scholarly journals The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Sachchida Nand Rai
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Major Factors

Current research in medicine in several parts of the world has attempted to establish a link between the occurrence of neurodegenerative pathologies, microbiota dysbiosis, and the incidence of obesity. The body’s response to different physicochemical factors has also been influenced by the proper assimilation of bioactive compounds contained in the food that is ingested. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that directly affects the functioning of the human microbiota. The body’s reaction to this imbalance is crucial to the progression of inflammatory processes, which are based on molecular mechanisms. Microbial dysbiosis can result in a possibly permanent alteration in the physiological response. This review aims to highlight recent contributions made to alleviating human dysbiosis in degenerative diseases, especially for neurodegenerative pathologies based on the rising prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of both microbiota modulation and possible alleviations of pathologies by a modulatory function. We argue that pre- and probiotics (including phenolic compounds stimulating the favorable strain from the microbiota) are an effective alternative that can support the microbiota pattern’s modulation over time and the attenuation of indirect causes that determine dysbiosis. Molecular aspects are presented in support of the modulating role of the microbiota following the use of probiotics.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Liver Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dali Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Zhu ◽  
Jingfeng Bi ◽  
Danni Feng ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Characteristics

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-732
Author(s):  
Ming Wang ◽  
Weiming Yan ◽  
Weipeng Qi ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a major international public health concern. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19-associated liver injury. Methods A fraction of 657 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data were derived from electronic medical records and compared between patients with or without liver injury. Multivariate logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for liver injury. Results Among 657 patients, 303 (46.1%) patients had liver injury with higher rate in severe/critically ill patients [148/257 (57.6%)] than those in moderate cases [155/400 (38.8%)]. The incidence of liver injury was much higher in male [192/303 (63.4%)] than female [111/303 (36.6%)], and in severe/critical patients [148/303 (48.8%)] with percutaneous oxygen saturation ≤ 93% [89/279 (31.9%)] or peak body temperature ≥ 38.5 °C [185/301 (61.5%)] on admission. Liver injury-related inflammations included increased white blood cells, neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes. More patients with liver injury than without had increased serum IL-2R, TNFα, ferritin, hsCRP, PCT, ESR, γ-GT, and LDH. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increasing odds of liver injury were related to male, higher serum hsCRP (≥ 10 mg/L), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (≥ 5). Moreover, more deceased patients (14/82 (17%)) had significantly elevated serum TBIL than discharged patients [25/532 (4.7%)]. Conclusion Liver injury is a common complication in COVID-19 patients. The potential risk factors of liver injury include male, hsCRP and NLR score. A close monitor of liver function should be warned in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe/critical individuals.

scholarly journals Systematic Review on Chinese Herbal Medicine Induced Liver Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yongan Ye ◽  
Xianzhao Yang ◽  
Yuntao Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Herbal

Background. In recent years, with the popularity of CHM, its hepatotoxicity has also been increasingly noticed. However, there are still veils on causative herbs and clinical characteristics.Aim. To systematically review data on CHM induced liver injury with particular focus on causative herbs and clinical characteristics.Methods. Using terms related to CHM and liver injury, PubMed and three Chinese electronic databases were searched, which was limited to the past 5 years. Publications meeting our eligibility criteria were included and further analyzed.Results. In total, 4 single herbs, 21 patent drugs, and 4 decoctions were reported to be of hepatotoxicity, with He-Shou-Wu being the most common one (65/114). Dang-Gui and other 5 herbs were the most common ingredients of patent drugs and decoctions. All patients were assessed using the RUCAM scale, with 26 being highly probable and 28 being probable. For these 54 cases, the latent period was 30 (47) days, and 81.48% were labeled as hepatocellular injuries. Most patients (96.3%) recovered, apart from the fact that one died and one is receiving liver transplantation.Conclusions. CHM should be used carefully for hepatotoxicity. Liver injury from CHM is similar to that from conventional medicines in clinical characteristics. Details about causative herbs should be illustrated, and more RUCAM should be used in future.

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