scholarly journals Effects of Cyclic Chronic Heat Stress on the Expression of Nutrient Transporters in the Jejunum of Modern Broilers and Their Ancestor Wild Jungle Fowl

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedra Abdelli ◽  
Alison Ramser ◽  
Elizabeth S. Greene ◽  
Lesleigh Beer ◽  
Travis W. Tabler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Red Jungle Fowl

Heat stress (HS) has been reported to disrupt nutrient digestion and absorption in broilers. These effects may be more prominent in fast-growing chickens due to their high metabolic activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic HS on jejunal nutrient transport in slow- (Athens Canadian Random Bred, ACRB from 1950), moderate- (The 1995 random bred, 95RAN), rapid- (modern broilers, modern random bred, MRB) growing birds and their ancestor wild jungle fowl (JF). One-day male chicks (n = 150/line) were placed by line in environmentally controlled chambers and kept under the same industry-standard environmental conditions until d28. On d29, an 8-h daily cyclic HS (36°C) was applied to half of the chambers, which lasted until d55, while keeping the rest under thermal neutral (TN, 24°C) conditions. Jejunum tissues were collected for morphology assessment and molecular analysis of carbohydrate-, amino acid-, and fatty acid-transporters. MRB exhibited the highest body weight (BW) followed by 95RAN under both conditions. HS decreased feed intake (FI) in MRB and 95RAN, which resulted in lower BW compared to their TN counterparts; however, no effect was observed in ACRB and JF. MRB showed a greater villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD) ratio under both environmental conditions. Molecular analyses showed that glucose transporter (GLUT) 2, 5, 10, and 11 were upregulated in MRB compared to some of the other populations under TN conditions. HS downregulated GLUT2, 10, 11, and 12 in MRB while it increased the expression of GLUT1, 5, 10, and 11 in JF. GLUT2 protein expression was higher in JF compared to ACRB and MRB under TN conditions. It also showed an increase in ACRB but no effect on 95RAN and MRB under HS conditions. ACRB exhibited greater expression of the EAAT3 gene as compared to the rest of the populations maintained under TN conditions. HS exposure did not alter the gene expression of amino acid transporters in MRB. Gene expression of CD36 and FABP2 was upregulated in HS JF birds. Protein expression of CD36 was downregulated in HS JF while no effect was observed in ACRB, 95RAN, and MRB. Taken together, these data are the first to show the effect of HS on jejunal expression of nutrient transporters in three broiler populations known to represent 70 years of genetic progress in the poultry industry and a Red Jungle Fowl population representative of the primary ancestor of domestic chickens.

Cold-induced RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) regulates the expression of Src-associated during mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) during heat stress-induced testicular injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Xu ◽  
Dandan Ke ◽  
Liping Zou ◽  
Nianyu Li ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Testicular Injury

In this study, the ability of cold-induced RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) to regulate the expression of Src-associated during mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in the mouse testis and mouse primary spermatocytes (GC-2spd cell line) before and after heat stress was examined to explore the molecular mechanism by which CIRBP decreases testicular injury. A mouse testicular hyperthermia model, a mouse primary spermatocyte hyperthermia model and a low CIRBP gene-expression cell model were constructed and their relevant parameters were analysed. The mRNA and protein levels of CIRBP and Sam68 were significantly decreased in the 3-h and 12-h testicular heat-stress groups, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) protein expression was not significantly affected but phospho-ERK1/2 protein levels were significantly decreased. GC-2spd cellular heat-stress results showed that the mRNA and protein concentrations of CIRBP and Sam68 were reduced 48h after heat stress. In the low CIRBP gene-expression cell model, CIRBP protein expression was significantly decreased. Sam68 mRNA expression was significantly decreased only at the maximum transfection concentration of 50nM and Sam68 protein expression was not significantly affected. These findings suggest that CIRBP may regulate the expression of Sam68 at the transcriptional level and the expression of phospho-ERK1/2 protein, both of which protect against heat-stress-induced testicular injury in mice.

Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy affects gene expression and immunolocalization of intestinal nutrient transporters in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela F. Pinheiro ◽  
Patricia F. F. Pinheiro ◽  
José Buratini ◽  
Anthony C. S. Castilho ◽  
Paula F. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Intestinal Proliferation ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

Intrauterine dietary restriction may cause changes in the functioning of offspring organs and systems later in life, an effect known as fetal programming. The present study evaluated mRNA abundance and immunolocalization of nutrient transporters as well as enterocytes proliferation in the proximal, median and distal segments of small intestine of rats born to protein-restricted dams. Pregnant rats were fed hypoproteic (6% protein) or control (17% protein) diets, and offspring rats were evaluated at 3 and 16 weeks of age. The presence of SGLT1 (sodium–glucose co-transporter 1), GLUT2 (glucose transporter 2), PEPT1 (peptide transporter 1) and the intestinal proliferation were evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques and the abundance of specific mRNA for SGLT1, GLUT2 and PEPT1 was assessed by the real-time PCR technique. Rats born to protein-restricted dams showed higher cell proliferation in all intestinal segments and higher gene expression of SGLT1 and PEPT1 in the duodenum. Moreover, in adult animals born to protein-restricted dams the immunoreactivity of SGLT1, GLUT2 and PEPT1in the duodenum was more intense than in control rats. Taken together, the results indicate that changes in the small intestine observed in adulthood can be programmed during the gestation. In addition, they show that this response is caused by both up-regulation in transporter gene expression, a specific adaptation mechanism, and intestinal proliferation, an unspecific adaptation mechanism.

Effects of heat stress on the gene expression of nutrient transporters in the jejunum of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Sun ◽  
Haichao Zhang ◽  
Ardashir Sheikhahmadi ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Hongchao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus

scholarly journals Hypothalamic signaling in anorexia induced by indispensable amino acid deficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (12) ◽  
pp. E1446-E1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxia Zhu ◽  
Stephanie M. Krasnow ◽  
Quinn R. Roth-Carter ◽  
Peter R. Levasseur ◽  
Theodore P. Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Melanocortin Signaling

Animals exhibit a rapid and sustained anorexia when fed a diet that is deficient in a single indispensable amino acid (IAA). The chemosensor for IAA deficiency resides within the anterior piriform cortex (APC). Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the APC detects IAA deficiency are well established, the efferent neural pathways that reduce feeding in response to an IAA-deficient diet remain to be fully characterized. In the present work, we investigated whether 1) central melanocortin signaling is involved in IAA deficiency-induced anorexia (IAADA) and 2) IAADA engages other key appetite-regulating neuronal populations in the hypothalamus. Rats and mice that consumed a valine-deficient diet (VDD) for 2–3 wk exhibited marked reductions in food intake, body weight, fat and lean body mass, body temperature, and white adipose tissue leptin gene expression, as well as a paradoxical increase in brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein-1 mRNA. Animals consuming the VDD had altered hypothalamic gene expression, typical of starvation. Pharmacological and genetic blockade of central melanocortin signaling failed to increase long-term food intake in this model. Chronic IAA deficiency was associated with a marked upregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone expression in the lateral hypothalamus, particularly in the parasubthalamic nucleus, an area heavily innervated by efferent projections from the APC. Our observations indicate that the hypothalamic melanocortin system plays a minor role in acute, but not chronic, IAADA and suggest that the restraint on feeding is analogous to that observed after chronic dehydration.

Mechanisms of MAdCAM-1 gene expression in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. C272-C281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ogawa ◽  
David G. Binion ◽  
Jan Heidemann ◽  
Monica Theriot ◽  
Pamela J. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial

Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) is a homing receptor preferentially expressed on gut-associated endothelial cells that plays a central role in leukocyte traffic into the mucosal immune compartment. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial ICAM-1 or E-selectin expression have been intensively investigated, the mechanisms that regulate human MAdCAM-1 expression have not been defined. We report MAdCAM-1 gene and protein expression in primary cultures of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC) that was not demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Similar to ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression, MAdCAM-1 gene expression in HIMEC was inducible with TNF-α, IL-1β, or LPS activation. However, in striking contrast to ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression, MAdCAM-1 mRNA and protein expression in HIMEC was heavily dependent on culture duration and/or cellular density, suggesting a prominent role for cell-cell interaction among these endothelial cells in the expression of the mucosal addressin. MAdCAM-1 expression was inhibited by both SN-50 (NF-κB inhibitor) and LY-294002 [phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor], whereas ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression was inhibited by SN-50 but not by LY-294002. The Akt phosphorylation by TNF-α or LPS was greater at higher cell density, demonstrating a pattern similar to that of MAdCAM-1 expression. NF-κB activation was not affected by cellular density in HIMEC. MAdCAM-1 expression in human gut endothelial cells is regulated by distinct signaling mechanisms involving both NF-κB and PI3-K/Akt. These data also suggest that PI3-K/Akt is involved in the gut-specific differentiation of HIMEC, which results in expression of the mucosal addressin MAdCAM-1.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber for Gestating Sows During Heat Stress: Effects on Reproductive Performance and Stress Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeungMin Oh ◽  
Abdolreza Hosseindoust ◽  
SangHun Ha ◽  
Joseph Moturi ◽  
JunYoung Mun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract Background: Heat stress is an important issue in swine farms, which causes economic loss and compromises sows health. The addition of fiber to the diet is an option in modifying intestinal health. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fiber level on reproductive performance, intestinal microbiota and integrity, and metabolism of gestating sows, and its carry-over effect on the lactation period during heat stress. Methods: A total of 36 gestating sows (90 day-pregnant) were allotted to three treatments with 12 replicates. The diets included 3% (LF), 4.5% (MF), and 6% (HF) crude fiber. All gestating sows fed 2.5 kg of diet daily and diets contained 3150 kcal/kg of ME, 14% crude protein (CP), and 0.58% standardized ileal digestibility of lysine. Results: Sows fed the HF diet showed a lower respiratory rate and hair cortisol concentration compared with the LF treatment. The HF diet increased the feed intake of sows compared with the LF diet, while it decreased the farrowing duration. The HF diet increased the constipation index compared with the MF and LF diets. Sows in the HF treatment showed a greater piglet weight and litter weight compared with the LF treatment at weaning. Sows in the LF treatment showed the highest digestibility of CP and the greatest digestibility of acid detergent fiber was observed in sows fed HF diet. The HF diet increased lying and decreased standing, and sham chewing behavior compared with the LF diet. The concentration of acetate and total short-chain fatty acid were increased in sows fed the HF diet. The gene expression of glucose transporter 3 and 4 was increased in the HF treatment. The gene expression of heat shock protein70 was decreased in the HF treatment.Conclusion: Increasing dietary fiber level decreased stress level and improved farrowing duration and reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiles during short-term heat stress; branchingvs.massive Scleractinian corals of the Red Sea

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Maor-Landaw ◽  
Oren Levy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Stress Genes

It is well-established that there is a hierarchy of susceptibilities amongst coral genera during heat-stress. However, molecular mechanisms governing these differences are still poorly understood. Here we explored if specific corals possessing different morphologies and different susceptibilities to heat stress may manifest varied gene expression patterns. We examined expression patterns of seven genes in the branching coralsStylophora pistillataandAcropora eurystomaand additionally in the massive robust coral,Poritessp. The tested genes are representatives of key cellular processes occurring during heat-stress in Cnidaria: oxidative stress, ER stress, energy metabolism, DNA repair and apoptosis. Varied response to the heat-stress, in terms of visual coral paling, algal maximum quantum yield and host gene expression was evident in the different growth forms. The two branching corals exhibited similar overall responses that differed from that of the massive coral.A. eurystomathat is considered as a susceptible species did not bleach in our experiment, but tissue sloughing was evident at 34 °C. Interestingly, in this species redox regulation genes were up-regulated at the very onset of the thermal challenge. InS. pistillata, bleaching was evident at 34 °C and most of the stress markers were already up-regulated at 32 °C, either remaining highly expressed or decreasing when temperatures reached 34 °C. The massivePoritesspecies displayed severe bleaching at 32 °C but stress marker genes were only significantly elevated at 34 °C. We postulate that by expelling the algal symbionts fromPoritestissues, oxidation damages are reduced and stress genes are activated only at a progressed stage. The differential gene expression responses exhibited here can be correlated with the literature well-documented hierarchy of susceptibilities amongst coral morphologies and genera in Eilat’s coral reef.

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