scholarly journals Integrated Assessment of Nickel Electroplating Industrial Wastewater Effluent as a Renewable Resource of Irrigation Water Using a Hydroponic Cultivation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. Chow ◽  
L. K. Lee ◽  
N. A. Zakaria ◽  
K. Y. Foo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Nickel Electroplating

Nickel, a micronutrient essential for plant growth and development, has been recognized as a metallic pollutant in wastewater. The concentration of nickel ions in the water course, exceeding the maximum tolerable limit, has called for an alarming attention, due to the bioaccumulative entry in the water–plant–human food chain, leaving a burden of deteriorative effects on visible characteristics, physiological processes, and oxidative stress response in plants. In this work, the renewable utilization of nickel electroplating industrial wastewater effluent (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100%) as a viable source of irrigation water was evaluated using a hydroponic cultivation system, by adopting Lablab purpureus and Brassica chinensis as the plant models, in relation to the physical growth, physiological and morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, proline, and oxidative responses. The elongation of roots and shoots in L. purpureus and B. chinensis was significantly inhibited beyond 25 and 5% of industrial wastewater. The chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents, accompanied by alterations in the morphologies of xylem, phloem, and distortion of stomata, were recorded in the industrial wastewater-irrigated groups, with pronounced toxicity effects detected in B. chinensis. Excessive proline accumulation was recorded in the treated plant models. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) scavenging activities were drastically altered, with a profound upregulation effect in the POD activity in L. purpureus and both POD and APX in B. chinensis, predicting the nickel-induced oxidative stress. Conclusively, the diluted industrial wastewater effluent up to the optimum concentrations of 5 and 25%, respectively, could be feasibly reused as a renewable resource for B. chinensis and L. purpureus irrigation, verified by the minimal or negligible phytotoxic implications in the plant models. The current findings have shed light on the interruption of nickel-contaminated industrial wastewater effluent irrigation practice on the physical and biochemical features of food crops and highlighted the possibility of nutrient recycling via wastewater reuse in a sustainable soilless cultivation.

scholarly journals Silymarin-Enriched Biostimulant Foliar Application Minimizes the Toxicity of Cadmium in Maize by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Elevating Antioxidant Gene Expression

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Hesham F. Alharby ◽  
Hassan S. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Khalid R. Hakeem ◽  
Hameed Alsamadany ◽  
El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Maize Grain

For maize, the potential preventive role of foliar spraying with an extract derived from maize grain (MEg, 2%), silymarin (Sm, 0.5 mM), or silymarin-enriched MEg (MEg-Sm) in attenuating the stress effects of cadmium (Cd, 0.5 mM) was examined using a completely randomized design layout. Under normal conditions, foliar spraying with MEg, Sm, or MEg-Sm was beneficial (with MEg-Sm preferred) for maize plants, whereas the benefit was more pronounced under Cd stress. The use of Cd through irrigation water decreased plant growth traits, photosynthetic efficiency, including instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, Fv/Fm, and pigment contents, and hormonal contents (e.g., auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins including trans-zeatin, and salicylic acid). These undesired findings were due to an increase in Cd content, leading to increased levels of oxidative stress (O2•− and H2O2), ionic leakage, and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this damage resulted in an increase in the activities of nonenzymatic antioxidants, Sm, antioxidative enzymes, and enzyme gene expression. However, under Cd stress, although foliar spray with MEg or Sm had better findings than control, MEg-Sm had better findings than MEg or Sm. Application of MEg-Sm greatly increased photosynthesis efficiency, restored hormonal homeostasis, and further increased the activities of various antioxidants, Sm, antioxidative enzymes, and enzyme gene expression. These desired findings were due to the suppression of the Cd content, and thus the levels of O2•−, H2O2, ionic leakage, and lipid peroxidation, which were positively reflected in the growth and accumulation of dry matter in maize plants. The data obtained in this study recommend applying silymarin-enriched maize grain extract (MEg-Sm at 0.24 g Sm L−1 of MEg) as a spray solution to maize plants when exposed to excess Cd in soil or irrigation water.

Cultivation of rice for animal feed with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater for enhanced nitrogen removal: comparison of cultivation systems feeding irrigation water upward and downward

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muramatsu ◽  
H. Ito ◽  
A. Sasaki ◽  
A. Kajihara ◽  
T. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

To achieve enhanced nitrogen removal, we modified a cultivation system with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater by using rice for animal feed instead of human consumption. The performance of this modified system was evaluated through a bench-scale experiment by comparing the direction of circulated irrigation (i.e. passing through paddy soil upward and downward). The modified system achieved more than three times higher nitrogen removal (3.2 g) than the system in which rice for human consumption was cultivated. The removal efficiency was higher than 99.5%, regardless of the direction of circulated irrigation. Nitrogen in the treated municipal wastewater was adsorbed by the rice plant in this cultivation system as effectively as chemical fertilizer used in normal paddy fields. Circulated irrigation increased the nitrogen released to the atmosphere, probably due to enhanced denitrification. Neither the circulation of irrigation water nor its direction affected the growth of the rice plant and the yield and quality of harvested rice. The yield of rice harvested in this system did not reach the target value in normal paddy fields. To increase this yield, a larger amount of treated wastewater should be applied to the system, considering the significant amount of nitrogen released to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Effect of Transient Nicotine Load Shock on the Performance ofPseudomonassp. HF-1 Bioaugmented Sequencing Batch Reactors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dong-sheng Shen ◽  
Li-jia Wang ◽  
Hong-zhen He ◽  
Mei-zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Shock Loads ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Nicotine Degradation ◽  
Tobacco Waste

Bioaugmentation with degrading bacteria can improve the treatment of nicotine-containing tobacco industrial wastewater effectively. However, the transient and extremely high feeding of pollutants may compromise the effectiveness of the bioaugmented reactors. The effect of transient nicotine shock loads on the performance ofPseudomonassp. HF-1 bioaugmented SBRs were studied. The results showed that, under 500–2500 mg/L of transient nicotine shocks, all the reactors still could realize 100% of nicotine degradation in 4 days of recovery, while the key nicotine degradation enzyme HSP hydroxylase increased in expression. Though the dramatic increase of activities of ROS, MDA, SOD, and CAT suggested that transient nicotine shock loads could induce oxidative stress on microorganisms in activated sludge, a decrease to control level demonstrated that most of the microorganisms could resist 500–1500 mg/L of transient nicotine shock under the protection from strain HF-1. After 8 cycles of recovery, high ROS level and low TOC removal in high transient shock reactors implied that 2000–2500 mg/L of transient nicotine shock was out of its recovery of strain HF-1 bioaugmented system. This study enriched our understanding on highly efficient nicotine-degrading strain bioaugmented system, which would be beneficial to tobacco waste or wastewater treatment in engineering.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to weathering damage and oxidative stress on soybean seeds with different lignin contents in the seed coat

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Huth ◽  
Liliane Marcia Mertz-Henning ◽  
Sidnei Jose Lopes ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Liana Veronica Rossato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the relationship among lignin content in the seed coat of soybean seeds with tolerance to weathering damage and oxidative stress. Four soybean cultivars (CD 208, CD 215, CD 202 and BRS 184), with lignin contents in the seed coat of 4.2, 2.6, 2.0 and 1.7%, respectively, were used. Seeds were subjected to deterioration by moisture, through artificially simulated rains. Pods of all cultivars were subjected to irrigation by constant sprinkling during 4 hours, and then dried in oven, set at 35 °C, for 37 hours; repeating twice such procedure. After these treatments seeds were subjected to tests and then compared to the control. Tests performed were: germination, accelerated aging and tetrazolium test; thereby quantifying the occurrence of damages by weathering damage. The activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase was measured; and the lipid peroxidation was assessed. Soybean cultivars CD 208 and CD 215, with higher lignin content in the seed coat, were less susceptible to weathering damage. Seeds of cultivar CD 208 have also presented lower oxidative stress, when subjected to weathering damage stress.

Assessment of physical growth, some oxidative stress biomarkers and vitamin D status in children with Familial Mediterranean Fever

Meta Gene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moushira Zaki ◽  
Hala T. El-Bassyouni ◽  
Hanaa Reyad ◽  
Walaa Yousef ◽  
Eman Youness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Mediterranean Fever

scholarly journals Salt stress tolerance in cowpea is poorly related to the ability to cope with oxidative stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney C. Praxedes ◽  
Fábio M. Damatta ◽  
Claudivan F. De Lacerda ◽  
José T. Prisco ◽  
Enéas Gomes-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that salt tolerance in cowpea could be associated with lesser impairments of the photosynthetic capacity. Taking into account that photosynthesis is the main sink for reducing power consumption, our central working hypothesis is that a salt-sensitive cultivar is more prone to suffer from oxidative stress. We analyzed the long-term effects of salt stress on oxidative damage and protection against reactive oxygen species in both leaves and roots of a salt-tolerant (Pitiúba) and a salt-sensitive (TVu) cowpea cultivar. Two salt treatments (0 and 75 mM NaCl) were applied to 10-day-old plants grown in nutrient solution for 24 days. Significant salt-induced oxidative damage as demonstrated via increases in malondialdehyde concentration were noted, particularly in leaves at the end of the experiment, although such damage was found earlier in Pitiúba. In salt-stressed plants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased only in Pitiúba at 24 days from the start of salt additions (DSSA). In Pitiúba, catalase (CAT) was not significantly affected by the treatments, whereas in TVu its activity was dramatically lower in salt-stressed plants at 10DSSAonwards. In general salt stress led to significant increases, much more pronounced in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), at the end of the experiment in both cultivars. In roots, salt-induced increases in enzyme activities were particularly noted at 24 DSSA, as found for SOD and APX in Pitiúba, CAT in TVu and GR and GPX in both cultivars. Therefore, in contrast to our expectations, the present results argue, to a great extent, against a functional link between salt stress tolerance and the expression of the antioxidant system. We also demonstrated that leaves and roots should be evaluated for a full assessment of whole plant acclimation to salt stress.

Biochemical factors conferring shoot tolerance to oxidative stress in rice grown in low zinc soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Frei ◽  
Yunxia Wang ◽  
Abdelbagi M. Ismail ◽  
Matthias Wissuwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Zinc deficiency reduces rice growth and yield, and this is, in part, due to leaf damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to identify biochemical mechanisms conferring tolerance to Zn deficiency-induced oxidative stress. A field experiment and three nutrient solution experiments were conducted with the intolerant genotype IR74 and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between IR74 and the tolerant landrace Jalmagna. After 2 weeks of growth in low Zn soil, stress symptoms developed in leaves of IR74, but not in the tolerant RIL46. Activity of antioxidant enzymes showed clear treatment effects, but did not explain tolerance of RIL46. On the contrary, the intolerant IR74 showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) under Zn deficiency. This contrasted with a constitutively higher level of total and reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) in RIL46. Three further nutrient solution experiments focussed on enzymes and reducing substrates of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. The first experiment included the highly sensitive RIL76 in addition to the genotypes used in the field trial, to test whether the patterns of antioxidant response observed in the field were specific to the genotypes used. This genotype had similarly low AsA level as IR74, but did not respond to Zn deficiency with an increase in enzyme activity, leading to even more pronounced leaf symptoms. In a second experiment, co-segregation of AsA concentration and Zn deficiency tolerance was confirmed in five genotypes from the IR74/Jalmagna quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping population. A third experiment was conducted to determine whether the observed patterns of antioxidant response were specific to Zn deficiency or would also apply to oxidative stress caused by iron deficiency. Although high AsA level apparently conferred tolerance under both types of stress, the enzymatic response to iron deficiency differed from that to Zn deficiency. In particular, APX activity showed a decrease instead of an increase under low iron stress. In conclusion, we suggest that a high AsA level is a promising target for developing rice genotypes with tolerance to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals PEMANFATAN PEKARANGAN SEMPIT DENGAN HIDROPONIK SEDERHANA DI PEKANBARU

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Surtinah Surtinah ◽  
Rini Nizar
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Abstrak Teknik budidaya konvensional dengan menggunakan media tanam tanah menimbulkan masalah.  Masalah yang dihadapi adalah ketersediaan tanah untuk proses budidaya sulit didapat, dan harganya mahal.  Tim Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lancang Kuning (Faperta UNILAK)  memperkenalkan Sistem budidaya hidroponik, dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan yang harganya lebih murah. Kelompok mitra pada umumnya lebih menggemari budidaya dengan menggunakan air sebagai media tanam dibandingkan dengan media tanah, karena lebih bersih, dan bisa dijadikan pajangan yang bernilai estetika lebih tinggi.  Tujuan kegiatan IbM ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mitra dalam melakukan budidaya sayur dengan sistem hidroponik.  Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan adalah dengan cara: 1) penyuluhan. 2) demontrasi.  3) bantuan paket teknologi, dan 4) pendampingan. Hasil kegiatan disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan peserta tentang budidaya hidroponik meningkat setelah mengikuti kegiatan P2M ini.  Peningkatan pengetahuan ini disebabkan adanya demonstrasi, dan peserta dibekali alat dan bahan untuk mempraktekan sendiri. Sehingga minat untuk melakukan budidaya hidroponik peserta juga meningkat. Kata Kunci: Hidroponik, Budidaya, dan Air. Abstract Conventional cultivation techniques by using a planting medium ground pose a problem. The problem faced is the availability of land for cultivation process is hard to come by, and expensive. The community service team from Faperta UNILAK introduce hydroponic cultivation system, by utilizing materials that are cheaper. Partner groups are generally more fond of cultivation by using water as a growing medium compared to medium soil, because it is free, and can be used as a display estetique higher. The objective of community service activity is to increase the knowledge partner in doing vegetable farming with hydroponics system. The method used to achieve the objectives are to: 1) extension. 2) demonstration. 3) aid package technology, and 4) assistance. The results concluded that the activities of the participants' knowledge about hydroponic cultivation increased after following this P2M activity. Increased knowledge is due to the demonstrations, and participants were given tools and materials for the practice itself. So the interest to do hydroponic cultivation of participants also increased.  Keywords: Hydroponics, cultivation, and Water.

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