scholarly journals The Audience-Tuning Effect of Negative Stereotypes in Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Ye ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Zijuan Huang ◽  
Fanxing Meng
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Negative Stereotype ◽  
Neutral Information ◽  
Related Information ◽  
And Behaviors

Shared reality theory states that people allow others to influence their own judgments and behaviors when a shared reality is achieved (Hardin and Higgins, 1996; Echterhoff et al., 2009a). Based on this theory, this research has explored how audience attitude affects the communicator’s memory of negative stereotype-related information in interpersonal communication. Two experiments have been conducted, using the negative stereotypes of Chinese “rich second-generation” as the research materials. The results show that the audience-tuning effect of negative stereotypes does in fact occur in interpersonal communication. The participants have tuned their descriptions of both stereotype-related and neutral information to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. The audience-tuning affects the participants’ recall valence of stereotype-related information while not affecting the recall valence of neutral information. The relational motivation moderates the effect of audience-tuning on the communicator’s memory of stereotype-related information. Only participants who communicated with a desired audience displayed an audience-congruent memory bias of stereotype-related information. The results of this research reveal the bidirectional nature of stereotype-sharedness in interpersonal communication. In actual interpersonal communication, the audience could express a positive attitude toward the target who suffers from negative stereotypes, and the communicator would then convey and recall the stereotype-related information in a more positive manner based on the audience-tunning effect, which could ultimately help to decrease negative stereotypes in communication.

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

Converging cultures of communication: A comparative study of Internet use in China, Europe, and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1751-1772
Author(s):  
Jacob Ørmen ◽  
Rasmus Helles ◽  
Klaus Bruhn Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Media Systems

Global Internet use is circumscribed by local political and economic institutions and inscribed in distinctive cultural practices. This article presents a comparative study of Internet use in China, the United States, and five European countries. The empirical findings suggest a convergence of cultures, specifically regarding interpersonal communication, alongside characteristic national and sociodemographic configurations of different prototypes of human communication. Drawing on the classic understanding of communication as a cultural process producing, maintaining, repairing, and transforming a shared reality, we interpret such configurations as cultures of communication, which can be seen to differ, overlap, and converge across regions in distinctive ways. Looking beyond traditional media systems, we call for further cross-cultural research on the Internet as a generic communication system joining global and local forms of interaction.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Parents towards Recommended Adult Vaccinations: An Explanatory Survey in the Geographic Area of Naples, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Napolitano ◽  
Giorgia Della Polla ◽  
Italo Francesco Angelillo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
And Behaviors

The purposes of this study were to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards the recommended vaccinations for adults between 19–64 years of age and the associated factors among parents. The survey was conducted from October to December 2018 among a sample of parents randomly selected from five preschools and primary, secondary, and high schools in the geographic area of Naples, Italy. The mean age of participants was 45.2 years (range 19–71). Only 16% of the parents knew all vaccinations recommended to adults between 19–64 years of age. Those being healthcare professionals, having a chronic condition, having received information about vaccinations from physicians, and having a lower educational level were more likely to know the vaccinations recommended to adults between 19–64 years of age. Female participants, those who had received information about vaccinations from physicians, and those who had a lower number of children were more likely to have a positive attitude toward the usefulness of the administration of vaccinations recommended to adults between 19–64 years of age. Among unvaccinated respondents, more than half reported a positive attitude toward willingness to receive a recommended vaccination. This positive attitude was significantly higher among those who considered vaccinations as being useful and among who had received information from physicians. Only 16.9% self-reported to have received at least one vaccination recommended to adults between 19–64 years of age. Those who were healthcare professionals, who had at least one chronic condition, and who considered the administration of the vaccinations as being useful were more likely to have received at least one recommended vaccination. Greater efforts by policy makers and healthcare providers are needed to increase parents’ knowledge on recommended vaccines, and it is also crucial that healthcare providers have a high knowledge and favorable attitudes in order to increase vaccine coverage.

Language maintenance in the second generation

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jane Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Only ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Maintenance Activities

Abstract The article discusses the attitude of the second generation Dutch in Australia to language maintenance. It gives a profile of the group’s language maintenance activities, and examines factors related to language maintenance attitudes and the use of Dutch. The research involved detailed personal interviews with 100 members of the target group. Some of the information collected was evaluated quantitatively using computer-aided statistical analysis; other responses were analysed primarily in qualitative terms. The results revealed a more positive attitude to language maintenance and greater frequency of use of Dutch than might have been expected on the basis of the (limited) previous research on the second generation or the national census data. On the other hand, there was relatively little participation in activities with the potential to influence the use of Dutch: visits to the Netherlands, association with Dutch organizations, and attendance at Dutch classes. Overall the research provided no evidence of a continuing decline in frequency of use of Dutch to the point of a complete shift to English only. It was also clear that many informants valued their current use of Dutch.

Stigma and Health/Risk Communication

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Smith ◽  
Xun Zhu ◽  
Madisen Quesnell
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Stigmas are profoundly negative stereotypes of a social group and its members that have diffused and normalized throughout a community. Being marked as a member of a stigmatized group does more than designate someone as different: stigmas denote people as discredited, devalued, and disgraced. Stigmas shape health and risk communication and are considered the leading—but least understood—barrier to health promotion. Communication and stigmas are dynamically connected. Communication is critical to a stigma’s existence, spread, expression, coping, and elimination. Using mediated and interpersonal communication, community members are socialized to recognize and react to stigmatized people. People use communication to enact the devaluation and ostracism of stigmatized people, and stigmatized people use communication to cope with stigmatization. Stigmas also shape communication: stigmas compel non-marked persons to engage in stigmatization and ostracism of marked persons, reduce marked people’s disclosure and encourage secrecy, and shape the characteristics of personal and community networks. Last, campaigns have used communication to attempt to eliminate existing stigmas. The accumulating research, conducted from diverse assumptions about human behavior (cultural determinism, evolutionary, socio-functional), shows how easily and effectively stigmas may be socialized; how challenging they are to manage; how many facets of health and wellbeing are devastated by their existence; and how difficult it is to attenuate them. While much has been uncovered about stigma, health, and risk, many questions remain. Among these include: How can one design messages that effectively alert the general public about imminent health threats and that successfully promote desirable behavioral changes without evoking stigma processes? How do different reactions to stigmatization influence targets and their social networks? What factors increase resistance or vulnerability to messages containing stigma-inducing content? How can one create an effective, reliable means to eliminate existing stigmas?

scholarly journals “The Jesuits of our time”: The Jesuit Stereotype and the Year 1917 in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Ainur Elmgren
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
School Children ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
New Era ◽  
Negative Stereotype ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
The Revolution

The tenacious negative stereotypes of the Jesuits, conveyed to generations of Finnish school children through literary works in the national canon, were re-used in anti-Socialist discourse during and after the revolutionary year of 1917. Fear of the Bolshevik revolution in 1917 paradoxically strengthened the negative stereotype of “Jesuitism,” especially after the attempted revolution by Finnish Socialists that led to the Finnish Civil War of 1918. The fears connected to the revolution were also fears of democracy itself; various campaigning methods in the new era of mass politics were associated with older images of Jesuit proselytism. In rare cases, the enemy image of the political Jesuit was contrasted with actual Catholic individuals and movements.

Beyond the Premedical Syndrome: Premedical Student Attitudes toward Liberal Education and Implications for Advising

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Andrew Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Liberal Education ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Goal ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Premedical Students ◽  
Liberal Arts Institution

Premedical students have often been viewed as academically narrow and cynical about liberal education. To investigate the veracity of this generalization, I conducted a qualitative study of pre-medical students at a liberal arts institution. Contrary to negative stereotypes, the students in the study expressed a positive attitude toward liberal education and articulated a belief that their own liberal education will benefit them as physicians. However, they acknowledged that obtaining high grades is also an important educational goal. Implications for advisors and medical admissions committees are discussed along with implications for future research.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DA’I PENDAMPING ANAK JALANAN DI RUMAH SINGGAH SALVATORE SURABAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Millenia Prihatini ◽  
Abdul Muhid
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The phenomenon of street children is a problem that needs to be dealt with a companion da’i at the Salvatore Surabaya shelter through a humanistic approach who goes straight of accompanying and invites a positive direction in shaping his self-concept. The purpose of this study is to describe the interpersonal communication of escorts and street children. This research is a descriptive qualitative study using observation techniques, in-depth interviews and data validity using source triangulation. The results of this study are that the assistant can be able to build openness with street children through interpersonal communication inviting to communicate with being guided, being approached to find out what is happening to street children, and empathize to feel like street children experience. Supporting attitude from the companion invites discussion and talks about the hobbies of street children. The positive attitude of interpersonal communication from the companion da’i with street children in interacting is also able to put themselves in the position of friends and parents.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Antarpribadi Antara Anggota Keluarga dalam Mendukung Penderita Autoimun (ODAMUN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Veronika Trimardhany
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Family

ODAMUN stands for People with autoimmune patients. Autoimmune disease is a disease where the immune system that is formed incorrectly identifies foreign objects, where cells, tissues or organs of the human body are actually considered foreign objects so that they are damaged by antibodies. So the presence of autoimmune disease does not have an impact on increasing the body's resistance to a disease, but instead occurs damage to the body due to the formed immunity. Therefore, support from family members becomes very important for autoimmune sufferers. Communication in the family can also be interpreted as a readiness to talk openly about every problem in the family, both pleasant and sad, this is where members will be ready to solve the problems they face by talking to each other with patience, honesty and openness. Communication that occurs, among others, interpersonal communication between family members. The methodology in this study uses descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach by describing the experiences of four people with autoimmune disorders accompanied by their families. The results obtained are that they carry out interpersonal communication effectively with the following factors: openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude and equality. Of the five factors, the most prominent is the supportive attitude of the sufferer, this is what the sufferer always hopes to motivate to recover. Initial complaints from autoimmune sufferers are fever all over the body, canker sores, red rashes, but each sufferer has different complaints, but most of them are weak and powerless. The solution for sufferers is to go to the doctor, manage stress and always think positively in all situations, while family members provide support, namely accompanying when complaints come and immediately taking them to the hospital.

Behavioral and Nonbehavioral Variables in the Measurement of Stutterers' Communication Attitudes

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Ulliana ◽  
Roger J. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Item Responses

The influence of the behavioral variables, stuttering and speech, and the nonbehavioral variables, feelings or attitudes regarding speech, on stutterers' responses to the modified Erickson Communication Attitude Scale (known as the S24) was investigated in two studies. In the first study, 19 adult stutterers answered an amended version of the S24 Scale; it permitted subjects to nominate the basis of their response to each item on the Scale. The findings indicated that subjects regarded their responses to Scale items as largely influenced by their judgments about their stuttering and speech behavior. The second study involved within-subject experiments with three adult male stutterers. Each subject identified those situations that influenced answers on the S24 Scale. Six weekly recordings of the subjects' speech in these situations showed that stuttering frequency was consistently higher in situations associated with item responses implying negative attitudes than in situations associated with positive attitude responses. The findings challenge the claim that the S24 Scale primarily assesses feelings or attitudes regarding speech or interpersonal communication.

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