scholarly journals Coping With Adolescents Affected by Anorexia Nervosa: The Role of Parental Personality Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Maria Monteleone ◽  
Alberta Mereu ◽  
Giammarco Cascino ◽  
Maria Chiara Castiglioni ◽  
Chiara Marchetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Parental Coping ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
Affected Relative ◽  
Character Inventory

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) promotes psychological distress in caregivers who adopt different coping strategies. Dysfunctional caregiving styles exacerbate further distress in the patient promoting the maintenance of the illness. We aimed to assess the possible contribution of personality traits of caregivers to the adoption of different coping strategies to deal with the affected relative.MethodsAbout 87 adolescents with AN were recruited. Their parents completed the Family Coping Questionnaire for Eating Disorders (FCQ-EDs) and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R). Differences between mothers and fathers were assessed through the independent sample t-test. Multivariate regression analyses were run to assess if personality traits, the occurrence of psychiatry conditions in the parents, the marital status, and the duration of the illness predicted parental coping strategies.ResultsThe group of mothers showed higher levels of avoidance and seeking for information coping strategies than the sample of fathers. Lower illness duration predicted higher collusion with the illness in both parents. Harm avoidance, cooperativeness, and self-directedness positively predicted parental coercion, collusion, and seeking for information strategies with some differences between mothers and fathers.DiscussionIllness duration and personality traits of parents affect the type of parental coping strategies developed to face AN in adolescents. These variables should be considered in the assessment of families of adolescents with AN and may be addressed to promote more fine-tuned clinical interventions for caregivers.

Oxytocin secretion in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Investigation of its relationships to temperament personality dimensions

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S161-S162
Author(s):  
M. Nigro ◽  
A.M. Monteleone ◽  
L. Steardo ◽  
G. Patriciello ◽  
V. Di Maso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Underweight Patients ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
First Time

IntroductionSome temperament characteristics of personality seem to be modulated by oxytocin. Patients suffering from eating disorders (EDs) display aberrant personality traits.Objectives and aimsWe investigated the relationships between plasma oxytocin levels and personality dimensions of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and compared them to those of healthy controls.MethodsPlasma oxytocin levels were measured in 23 women with AN, 27 women with BN and 19 healthy controls and assessed their personality traits by means of the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R).ResultsAN patients showed plasma levels of the hormone significantly lower than BN and healthy controls. In healthy women, plasma oxytocin levels resulted significantly correlated negatively with novelty seeking scores and positively with both harm avoidance (HA) scores and the attachment subscale scores of the reward dependence: these correlations explained 82% of the variability in circulating oxytocin. In BN patients, plasma oxytocin resulted negatively correlated with HA, whereas no significant correlations emerged in AN patients.ConclusionsThese findings confirm a dysregulation of oxytocin secretion in AN but not in BN and show, for the first time, that the association of circulating oxytocin to patients’ temperament traits is totally lost in underweight patients with AN and partially lost or even inverted in women with BN. These findings suggest a role of oxytocin in certain deranged behaviours of ED patients, which are influenced by the subjects’ personality traits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Perception of Autonomy and Connectedness Prior to the Onset of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Huemer ◽  
Maria Haidvogl ◽  
Fritz Mattejat ◽  
Gudrun Wagner ◽  
Gerald Nobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Image Test ◽  
Restrictive Type

Objective: This study examines retrospective correlates of nonshared family environment prior to onset of disease, by means of multiple familial informants, among anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. Methods: A total of 332 participants was included (anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R): n = 41 plus families); bulimic patients (anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type; bulimia nervosa: n = 59 plus families). The EATAET Lifetime Diagnostic Interview was used to establish the diagnosis; the Subjective Family Image Test was used to derive emotional connectedness (EC) and individual autonomy (IA). Results: Bulimic and AN-R patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to their healthy sisters. Bulimic patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to AN-R patients and compared to their mothers and fathers. A low family sum – sister pairs sum comparison – of EC had a significant influence on the risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Contrary to expectations, AN-R patients did not perceive significantly lower levels of IA compared to their sisters, prior to onset of disease. Findings of low IA in currently ill AN-R patients may represent a disease consequence, not a risk factor. Conclusions: Developmental child psychiatrists should direct their attention to disturbances of EC, which may be present prior to the onset of the disease.

Characteristics of Resilience Among Disaster Rescue Workers: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Mao ◽  
Olivia WM Fung ◽  
Xiuying Hu ◽  
Alice Yuen Loke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Subject Heading ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
Positive Concept

Abstract Disasters can cause long-lasting damage to survivors and rescue workers. Some rescue workers suffer negative physical and psychological consequences, while others do not. Thus, it is of value to fully understand the characteristics of rescuers who have not been affected by rescue activities. Resilience refers to the ability or capacity to cope with adversity. The aim of this review is to explore and identify the characteristics of resilience among rescue workers. A systematic literature search was conducted of seven electronic databases from inception to May 2019, using keywords and medical subject heading terms related to the resilience of rescuers. Hand searches and searches of leading authors were also performed. A total of 31 articles were eligible for review. Six domains were identified to characterize the resilience of rescuers namely, demographic and physical characteristics, personality traits, coping strategies, perceived resources, being equipped with special skills for disaster rescue, and having less adverse consequences from exposure to disaster. Researchers and disaster managers can take note of these characteristics to comprehensively understand the ‘positive concept’ of resilience. This enhanced understanding of ‘positive resilience’ can in turn be used to develop a framework to assess and establish interventions, and consequently to improve the psychological wellbeing of rescuers after disaster rescue efforts.

Gender Differences and Similarities in Coping Responses to Anticipated Work-Family Conflict

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A. Burley
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Professional Educators ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationships among gender, coping, and anticipated work-family conflict for career-bound men and women. 256 university students enrolled in a university in northern Louisiana participated. Multivariate and univariate analyses were used to examine (a) potential gender differences with respect to anticipated work-family conflict and work-family coping mechanisms and (b) the role coping processes may play in mediating the relationship between gender and anticipated work-family conflict. The results indicated significant differences between the sexes with respect to anticipated work-family conflict as well as to expected use of various coping strategies to manage anticipated work-family conflict. Contrary to expectations, coping strategies did not mediate the relationship between gender and work-family conflict. The issue of coping as a mediator variable as well as the study's primary implications for students and professional educators are addressed.

Coping Strategies used by Mothers and Fathers following Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail C. Demianczyk ◽  
Colleen F. Bechtel Driscoll ◽  
Allison Karpyn ◽  
Amanda Shillingford ◽  
Anne E. Kazak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Mothers And Fathers

scholarly journals Personality traits and treatment outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Corchs ◽  
Fábio Corregiari ◽  
Ygor Arzeno Ferrão ◽  
Tania Takakura ◽  
Maria Eugênia Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Poor Treatment

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity with personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive patients has been widely reported. About 40% of obsessive-compulsive patients do not respond to first line treatments. Nevertheless, there are no direct comparisons of personality traits between treatment-responsive and non-responsive patients. This study investigates differences in personality traits based on Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory scores between two groups of obsessive-compulsive patients classified according to treatment outcome: responders and non-responders. METHOD: Forty-four responsive and forty-five non-responsive obsessive-compulsive patients were selected. Subjects were considered treatment-responsive (responder group) if, after having received treatment with any conventional therapy, they had presented at least a 40% decrease in the initial Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score, had rated "better" or "much better" on the Clinical Global Impressions scale; and had maintained improvement for at least one year. Non-responders were patients who did not achieve at least a 25% reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores and had less than minimal improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions scale after having received treatment with at least three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including clomipramine), and at least 20 hours of cognitive behavioral therapy. Personality traits were assessed using Temperament and Character Inventory. RESULTS: Non-responders scored lower in self-directedness and showed a trend to score higher in persistence than responders did. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that personality traits, especially self-directedness, are associated with poor treatment response in obsessive-compulsive patients.

scholarly journals Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa: The Importance of Disease Progression in the Prognosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Andrade ◽  
Manuel Gonçalves-Pinho ◽  
António Roma-Torres ◽  
Isabel Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Intense Fear ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Fear Of Weight Gain ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is a severe, usually chronic, life-threatening disease of complex etiology characterized by food restriction, overestimation of the importance of body weight and image, intense fear of weight gain and distortion of body image. Anorexia nervosa is associated with high rates of mortality, suicide and decreased quality of life. Our aim is to present an anorexia nervosa treatment program offered in a major university hospital in Portugal, and to determine the impact of illness duration before admission on the outcome. Our hypothesis is that patients with greater disease longevity may have worse prognosis and poorer outcome.Material and Methods: The sample included data from case records of 169 patients seen consecutively and for the first time at Centro Hospitalar São João, between 2010 and 2015. We performed a retrospective observational study which included data collected at admission and from later follow-up years.Results: From the initially selected patients, 14.8% reached total remission, 16% accomplished partial remission and 14.2% ended up with exacerbation/stagnation of the disease. The dropout rate was of 55% throughout our study period. We found significant differences on outcome rates between distinct illness duration groups (p = 0.007).Discussion: There are several factors frequently associated with poor outcome for anorexia nervosa. The interpretation of outcome findings was limited by the high rate of dropout and lack of consistent definition criteria.Conclusion: Our results support the idea that illness duration has an important role on the outcome and prognostic features of these patients.

Anorexia Nervosa, Parental ‘Expressed Emotion’ and Dropping Out of Treatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Szmukler ◽  
I. Eisler ◽  
G. F. M. Russell ◽  
C. Dare
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
The Family

The number of dropouts from a long-term treatment study of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) was substantial. A variety of social, clinical, parental, and treatment factors were examined for their association with early termination of treatment by the patient or the family. Parents ‘expressed emotion’ (EE) (particularly critical comments), BN, and the type of therapy offered (family or individual) were found to interact in some manner to result in dropping out. Some other aspects of parents' EE were also examined, including a comparison of scores in parental pairs; EE was found to be influenced by social class, and there were significant associations with the patient's symptomatology and social adjustment. There was a strong relationship between mothers' and fathers' scores in parental pairs.

scholarly journals “I Was Not Willing to Risk my Hajj”

Journeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Nadia Caidi
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Information Avoidance ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Return Home ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Transformational Experiences

Information phenomena and behaviors underlie every aspect of contemporary life, including spiritual/religious experiences. Pilgrimage as an information context provides insights into the nature of information and knowledge in the lives of individuals undergoing such transformational experiences. Findings based on interviews with twelve Hajj pilgrims suggest that their information practices are varied and transcend both individual (cognitive, affective) and social processes (through shared imaginaries and a wide network of people and resources). As pilgrims prepare for and complete the rituals, then return home, they make use of a range of coping strategies from triangulation and validation to information avoidance. Examining the information strategies of Hajj pilgrims provide us with insights into their processes of negotiating meaning in shifting and unknown contexts.

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