scholarly journals Football Match Dynamics Explored by Recurrence Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lames ◽  
Sebastian Hermann ◽  
René Prüßner ◽  
Hendrik Meth
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Line Length ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Recurrence Analysis ◽  
Football Match ◽  
Previous State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Traditional Performance

A widely accepted notion of football matches in performance analysis (PA) is to consider them as dynamic interaction processes with emerging behaviors. The description and analysis of these processes requires specific methods. Recurrence analysis is a technique for analyzing complex systems in many domains like astrophysics, earth sciences, engineering, biology, cardiology, and neuroscience. Its general concept is to examine the recurrence behavior of a system, as in when, how often and how close its trajectory in a phase space returns to a previous state. The aim of the study is to apply recurrence analysis to football matches. Positional data from 21 football matches of a German Bundesliga team were examined. The phase space was made up of the field players' x,y-positions at each second of the match. For each pair of seconds, the average distance of all the players between their positions at these two time points was calculated. Recurrence plots (RPs) were obtained by color-coding these distances. With a recurrence threshold of rt = 9 m and a minimum line length of lmin = 3 s, general recurrence parameters were calculated to characterize the individual recurrence behaviors of each match. Three football-specific recurrence parameters were defined to represent recurrence properties of open play. RPs showed commonalities (typical features indicating set plays and continuous gameplay) as well as unique structures during each match (number, distribution, and sequence of typical features). The recurrence parameters showed several significant correlations with traditional performance indicators like number of goals and passes completed, e.g., the correlation between number of goals and recurrence rate is r = −0.622 (p = 0.003). By extending the sample and design of recurrence studies, there is great potential for recurrence analysis to improve both the practical and theoretical potential of performance analysis.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Effective Symbolic Methods for Solving Band Matrix SLAEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Milena Veneva ◽  
Alexander Ayriyan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Band Matrix ◽  
Linear Algebraic Equations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Performance Computing ◽  
Symbolic Algorithms

This paper presents an experimental performance study of implementations of three symbolic algorithms for solving band matrix systems of linear algebraic equations with heptadiagonal, pentadiagonal, and tridiagonal coefficient matrices. The only assumption on the coefficient matrix in order for the algorithms to be stable is nonsingularity. These algorithms are implemented using the GiNaC library of C++ and the SymPy library of Python, considering five different data storing classes. Performance analysis of the implementations is done using the high-performance computing (HPC) platforms “HybriLIT” and “Avitohol”. The experimental setup and the results from the conducted computations on the individual computer systems are presented and discussed. An analysis of the three algorithms is performed.

A review of the interaction between the striker and the goalkeeper at the individual tactical level in football

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-464
Author(s):  
Scott William Peterson ◽  
Michaela Rose Bruton
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
The Individual

Recent performance analysis techniques have attempted to move beyond a narrow focus on game outcomes by considering the game, team, group and individual tactical levels. Goals are decisive in football, yet the extent to which the individual goalkeeper had been studied was unknown. We therefore systematically searched the literature to determine the extent of studies that included actions related to the goalkeeper; of 711 titles retrieved, six met the full inclusion criteria. Despite sound study design in general, the use of World Cup matches might limit the generalisability of findings. Only 21% of the outcome variables extracted were comparable across studies, with 58 different variables used to describe actions involving the goalkeeper, which suggested significant conceptual disparity. Of greater concern, no studies presented the striker and goalkeeper interaction in relative terms. The development of an analytic model that quantifies this relationship is necessary to adequately characterise tactics and inform the practical requirements of goalkeeping tactical training.

scholarly journals A Family of Hierarchical Symplectic Maps for N-body Simulations with Post-Newtonian Corrections

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1760021
Author(s):  
Guilherme Gonçalves Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Hamiltonian Dynamics ◽  
Symplectic Maps ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Phase Space Volume ◽  
Time Stepping ◽  
Adaptive Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Space Volume

Symplectic maps are well known for preserving the phase-space volume in Hamiltonian dynamics and are particularly suited for problems that require long integration times, such as the [Formula: see text]-body problem. However, when combined with a varying time-step scheme, they end up losing its symplecticity and become numerically inefficient. We address this problem by using a recursive Hamiltonian splitting based on the time-symmetric value of the individual time-steps required by the particles in the system. We present a family of 48 quasi-symplectic maps with different orders of convergence (2nd-, 4th- & 6th-order) and three time-stepping schemes: i) 16 using constant time-steps, ii) 16 using shared adaptive time-steps, and iii) 16 using hierarchical (individual) time-steps. All maps include post-Newtonian corrections up to order 3.5PN. We describe the method and present some details of the implementation.

scholarly journals New applications for importance-performance analysis (IPA) in higher education

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser McLeay ◽  
Andrew Robson ◽  
Mazirah Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Business Models ◽  
School Context ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The constantly evolving higher education (HE) sector is creating a need for new business models and tools for evaluating performance. In this paper, an overview of the importance-performance analysis (IPA) model and its applicability as a management tool for assessing student satisfaction in the HE sector is provided. The purpose of this paper is to apply IPA in a new and novel manner, undertaking analysis at three levels; the individual student, for individual attributes and at a construct or factor level which combines individual attributes that are correlated. A practical application is illustrated, assessing the gap between the importance placed on specific student satisfaction attributes and corresponding levels of student-perceived performance realised. Design/methodology/approach The “service product bundle” (Douglas et al., 2006) is refined based on focus group evaluation. Survey responses from 823 students studying across four Malaysian private universities are analysed using factor analysis and the IPA model utilised to identify importance-performance gaps and explore the implication of the iso-rating line as well as alternative cut-off zones. Findings Factor reduction of 33 original measurement items results in eight definable areas of service provision, which provides a refined and extended management tool of statistically reliable and valid constructs. Research limitations/implications The research is undertaken in a private business school context in Malaysia. Further research could focus on other universities or countries, as well as faculties such as computing and engineering or explore other elements of education-based performance. Practical implications The research method and study outcomes can support HE managers to allocate resources more effectively and develop strategies to improve quality and increase student satisfaction. Originality/value Distinct from other IPA-based studies, analysis is undertaken at three levels; the individual participant, for individual items and at the factor level.

scholarly journals La Parole Oblique. Merleau-Ponty et les Enjeux d’une Éthique de L’indirect

Phainomenon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18-19 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-174
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Alloa
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Claude Simon ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Thing

Abstract Philosophical speech is required to reach the core of the things themselves, often at the risk of subsuming the individual thing under the law of a general concept and ruining its singularity. Is another approach available to philosophy at all ? The question of the violence of the discourse has been raised by many thinkers in the 20th century. Just as Wittgenstein, Husserl demanded for a replacement of deduction by description which would let the things appear in their own light. Merleau-Ponty has rephrased the task of a maieutic phenomenology in terms of”letting see through words” (faire voir par les mots), whereas the direct, exhaustive thematization is given up for an indirect speech, letting the world speak in its own “prose”. While the “indirect ontology” in Merleau-Ponty’s last works has received wide attention these last years, little case has been made of the linguistic implications of the figure of its philosophical operator, the “indirect speech”. What is the status of the “ logos” in Merleau-Ponty’s phenomeno-”logy”? By relating Merleau-Ponty’s reflections on the language of philosophy (rather than on philosophy of language) to the linguistic discussion on free indirect speech (Tobler, Kalepky, Bakhtin) as well as to its use in literature, from Dostoyevsky to Claude Simon, a new perspective opens up of an “indirect ethics”, which implies that whoever speaks in the name of the Other is already spoken by him or by her.

scholarly journals THE ROLE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Natalia Rіabinina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

At the intersection of the past and the future there is a point of present, which, due to external and internal socio-economic requirements, activates the subject himself, when uniting the sciences of economics and sociology, as well as psychology, philosophy and law, we see the development of a new scientific direction - social capital. Interdisciplinary and multi-vector methodological conception on development has the capabilities to use in all spheres of life, to develop a more productive and inclusive economy because it works directly with people and for people. The development of society and the formation of institutions of citizenship and economic growth are inherently connected with the new economic and social concept, which is an incentive for self-organization, and the establishment of interpersonal and intergroup relations, leading to a path of harmonization based on sincere help and trust. Formulation of the goals and objectives of the article (setting a task). A large amount of research on social capital, a wide and diverse direction of study directly inhibits the systemicity and orderliness of concepts and theoretical knowledge, so at the beginning of the study it is necessary to put problems, tasks, a place in the knowledge system and connection with other disciplines. The purpose of the study is to separate and determine the individuality of a person in the process of social capital, attitude and behavior of the individual and group at all levels of this concept, analysis, specifics and structural content of social capital. Methodology. During the research, to study and achieve the goal, the analysis of theoretical aspects and generalizations of scientific sources, dialectic cognition of the formation of social capital, revealed a kind of economic concept, methods of induction and deduction, abstraction of theoretical provisions and dialectic cognition were carried out. Results. The article raises the issue of the resource of socio-economic growth and improvement, on the basis of intergroup and interpersonal interactions and relationships at a high micro level, on the foundation of trust and cooperation between people, single work and development of state, economic, civic platforms. It is with humans that the mechanism of development, accumulation and effective use begins. The accumulation of individuality in the development of social capital of the economic system and the main components of social capital, such as trust and reliability, are studied. The analysis of economic behavior of the individual when making a rational decision in the world of economic changes is carried out. The practical component of the main provisions of the concept and levels of social capital, and its role in the general concept of the economic component can further develop and be used in the process of developing the analysis and development of the individual with individual behavior and personal decision-making. Value/originality. The theory of social capital itself is new and little-studied, so any vector of study and research gives a new impetus to interest and further development of the detection of theoretical aspects, generalization to definition and essence, outlining the main directions of development and formation for the future.

Monitoring Matches and Small-sided Games in Elite Young Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 832-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Darbellay ◽  
César Marius Philippe Meylan ◽  
Davide Malatesta
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Performance ◽  
And Training

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the distances at various intensity in matches and small-sided games in elite-young soccer players using the metabolic power approach and running speed methods through fixed and individual speed zones. The second aim was to investigate the difference in high intensity external workload (% of total distances covered > 16 km/h or > 20 W/kg) between matches and small-sided games. Global positioning system data from 14 elite-youth players were analyzed during 13 matches and two types of small sided-games. Five intensity zones were used to compare the running distances between the metabolic power approach and the classic performance analysis. Metabolic power recorded more distances covered at high intensity than the running speed methods for every playing situations, except for the zone 5 of fixed speed (> 19 km/h) in matches (P<0.05). Smaller differences of external workload at high intensity were found when using the metabolic power approach compared to the traditional performance analysis. Our results highlight that the traditional analysis underestimates the athlete’s high intensity efforts. The metabolic power approach seems more relevant to monitor matches and training situations but also to compare matches to small-sided games in elite-young soccer players.

Psychology of Crisis and Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Enander
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Crisis Events ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping

The psychology of crisis and trauma is concerned with attitudes, reactions, and behaviors related to extreme events and conditions. Facing a crisis poses a number of challenges to the individual in terms of preparation, making sense of the situation, taking decisions, and coping with stress. Thus research on human reactions to crisis spans a broad range of theories and analytical frameworks. Traditionally there has been a strong focus on vulnerabilities and on the negative impacts of crises in terms of stress and traumatic responses. However, in the early 21st century research has increasingly moved toward investigating resilience factors and the ways in which people actually cope under extreme conditions. Although the term crisis is often used as a general concept, the reality of critical events can vary widely, each posing particular challenges to those affected. This can be illustrated by examples from natural disasters, toxic incidents, and socially generated threats of violence and terror, where the psychological contexts of such events differ considerably. While learning from the experiences of crisis events is important, research on human reactions does raise a number of practical and ethical issues of which the researcher needs to take heed.

Perceptual Behavior: Recurrence Analysis of a Haptic Exploratory Procedure

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3176 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Riley ◽  
Jeffrey B Wagman ◽  
Marie-Vee Santana ◽  
Claudia Carello ◽  
M T Turvey
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Inertia Tensor ◽  
Recurrence Analysis ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Exploratory Procedure ◽  
Recurrent Patterns ◽  
Exploratory Procedures

Various object properties are perceptible by wielding. We asked whether the dynamics of wielding differed as a function of the to-be-perceived property. Wielding motions were analyzed to determine if they differed under the intention to perceive or not perceive rod length (experiment 1), to perceive object height versus object width (experiment 2), and to perceive the length forward of where the rod was grasped versus the position of the grasp (experiment 3). Perceiving these different properties is known to depend on different components of the object's inertia tensor. Analyses of the subtle recurrent patterns in the phase space of the hand motions revealed differences in wielding across the different perceptual intentions. Haptic exploratory procedures may exhibit distinct exploratory dynamics.

scholarly journals OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION (OSCE) AS A RELIABLE EVALUATION STRATEGY: EVIDENCE FROM A BRAZILIAN MEDICAL SCHOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-687
Author(s):  
Luciana Castellani ◽  
Luiz Fernando Quintanilha ◽  
Maria Belen Arriaga ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Lima ◽  
Bruno Bezerril Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Behavioral Score ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Theoretical Test ◽  
Traditional Performance

The new curriculum of medical schools has brought the need to develop a professional committed to ethics, capable of understanding the role of social factors, the insertion of the individual into the family and their role in promoting health. These skills and the use of new methodologies in teaching-learning process have demonstrated that the traditional performance assessment methods are limited in holistically evaluating the student. This study analyzed the correlation among different methods for evaluating competencies in medical internship students and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was performed among 5th year medical students at Pediatric, Surgery, Medical Clinic, Family and Community Medicine and Gynecology and Obstetrics. Grades of each student obtained through different evaluations (theoretical test, conceptual evaluation and test skills) at the end of each rotation were correlated with the individual results from OSCE. In regard to correlations with the OSCE score values, it was found a weak to moderate positive and statistically significant relationship with the global cognitive score (r= .22, p< .001), global abilities score (r= .26, p< .001) and with the global behavioral score (r= .38, p< .001). The students' performance in the various assessments of performance evaluated here was positively correlated to their performance on OSCE. Furthermore, the organization of an OSCE-type assessment prepared in multiple, committed and competent hands may serve as a unique assessment and, in fact, assess the development of clinical skills for future doctors. Keywords: educational measurements, higher education, medical education, objective structured clinical examination

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