scholarly journals Associations of Genetic Polymorphisms and Neuroimmune Markers With Some Parameters of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Morozova ◽  
Yana Zorkina ◽  
Konstantine Pavlov ◽  
Olga Pavlova ◽  
Olga Abramova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Frontal Lobe Damage ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

We investigated the associations of DRD3 rs6280, HTR1A rs6295, BDNF rs6265, SCL6A4 rs16965628, and 5HT2A rs7322347 with schizophrenia in a case–control study, and associations of these genetic variants with several clinical features. We also investigated markers of inflammatory response (C-reactive protein, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10), the activity of leukocytic elastase (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (a1-PI), antibodies to S100B and myelin basic protein (MBP) in schizophrenia. Clinical symptoms were assessed on three scales: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, The Bush – Francis Catatonia Rating Scale and Frontal Assessment Battery. All SNPs were typed using predesigned TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. The biomarkers related to the immune system were routinely tested using ELISA kits. The association with schizophrenia was found for DRD3 rs6280 (p = 0.05) and HTR2A rs7322347 (p = 0.0013). We found differences between groups by parameters of LE and a1-PI and LE/a1-PI (p < 0.001). And IL-6 was evaluated in the schizophrenia group (p < 0.001). We showed that patients with the TT allele (BDNF rs6265) had more severe impairments in frontal lobe function. a1-PI can serve as a marker for assessing the severity of frontal lobe damage in patients with frontal dementia. We found some biological parameters reflecting the severity of frontal dysfunction in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Decision Making under Risk in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia or Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Theresa Benke ◽  
Josef Marksteiner ◽  
Beatrix Ruepp ◽  
Elisabeth M. Weiss ◽  
Laura Zamarian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Studies have reported difficulties in decision making for patients with schizophrenia or depression. Here, we investigated whether there are differences between schizophrenia patients, depressed patients, and healthy individuals (HC) when decisions are to be made under risk and cognitive flexibility is required. We were also interested in the relationships between decision making, cognitive functioning, and disease severity. Thirty HC, 28 schizophrenia patients, and 28 depressed patients underwent structured clinical assessments and were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Hamilton Rating Scale. They performed the Probability-Associated Gambling (PAG) Task and a neuropsychological test battery. Both patient groups obtained lower scores than HC in memory and executive function measures. In the PAG task, relative to HC, depressed patients made slower decisions but showed a comparable number of advantageous decisions or strategy flexibility. Schizophrenia patients were slower, riskier, and less flexible compared to HC. For them, the decision making behavior correlated with the symptom severity. In both groups, decision making scores correlated with memory and executive function scores. Patients with schizophrenia or depression may have difficulties under risk when quick and flexible decisions are required. These difficulties may be more pronounced in patients who have marked cognitive deficits or severe clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Differences in Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Patients with Episodic and Chronic Migraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Sang-Hwa Lee ◽  
Yeonkyeong Lee ◽  
Minji Song ◽  
Jae Jun Lee ◽  
Jong-Hee Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological investigations have indicated that migraineurs exhibit frontal lobe-related cognitive impairment. We investigated whether orbitofrontal and dorsolateral functioning differed between individuals with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), focusing on orbitofrontal dysfunction because it is implicated in migraine chronification and medication overuse headache (MOH) in migraineurs. This cross-sectional study recruited women with CM with/without MOH (CM + MOH, CM − MOH), EM, and control participants who were matched in terms of age and education. We conducted neuropsychological assessments of frontal lobe function via the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We enrolled 36 CM (19 CM + MOH, 17 CM–MOH), 30 EM, and 30 control participants. The CM patients performed significantly (p < 0.01) worse on the TMT A and B than the EM patients and the control participants. The WCST also revealed significant differences, with poorer performance in the CM patients versus the EM patients and the control participants. However, the net scores on the IGT did not significantly differ among the three groups. Our findings suggest that the CM patients exhibited frontal lobe dysfunction, and, particularly, dorsolateral dysfunction. However, we found no differences in frontal lobe function according to the presence or absence of MOH.

scholarly journals Decision making under ambiguity and risk in adolescent-onset schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Fengyan Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Numerous studies have identified impaired decision making (DM) under both ambiguity and risk in adult patients with schizophrenia. However, the assessment of DM in patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) has been challenging as a result of the instability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT), which are frequently used to evaluate DM respectively under ambiguity and risk, are sensitive to adolescents and neuropsychiatric patients. Our research intended to examine the performance of DM in a relatively large sample of patients with AOS using the above-mentioned two tasks. We also aimed to take a closer look at the relationship between DM and symptom severity of schizophrenia. Methods We compared the performance of DM in 71 patients with AOS and 53 well-matched healthy controls using IGT for DM under ambiguity and GDT for DM under risk through net scores, total scores and feedback ration. Neuropsychological tests were conducted in all participants. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in 71 patients with AOS. Pearson’s correlation revealed the relationship among total score of DM and clinical and neuropsychological data. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with AOS failed to show learning effect and had a significant difference on the 5th block in IGT and conducted more disadvantageous choices as well as exhibited worse negative feedback rate in GDT. Apart from DM impairment under risk, diminished DM abilities under ambiguity were found related to poor executive function in AOS in the present study. Conclusions Our findings unveiled the abnormal pattern of DM in AOS, mainly reflected under the risky condition, extending the knowledge on the performance of DM under ambiguity and risk in AOS. Inefficient DM under risk may account for the lagging impulse control and the combined effects of developmental disease. In addition, our study demonstrated that the performance on IGT was related to executive function in AOS.

scholarly journals Duration of untreated psychosis of first-episode psychotic disorders in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Carla R. Marchira ◽  
Irwan Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Gaf Scores

Introduction: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is an important predictor for prognosis in first episode of psychotic disorders. Caregivers often seek help from alternative healers first and health professional later. These would delay proper treatments for the patients, resulting in more severe symptoms and lower functioning on their visit to medical facility. The present study aims to find the association between DUP, symptoms severity, and global functioning in patients with first-episode psychotic disorders. Methods: We identified 100 patients with first episode of psychotic disorders and their caregivers. The instruments used were Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Premorbid Schizoid-Schizotypal Traits (PSST), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Results: There were no significant association between BPRS, PANSS, PSST, and GAF scores and DUP in our subjects. Nevertheless, we found that men had significantly longer DUP compared to women. Conclusion: We found significant association between sex and DUP in this study. Longer DUP leads to delayed treatments and poorer prognosis. Further study is required to confirm our finding.

scholarly journals Value of the Frontal Assessment Battery Tool for Assessing the Frontal Lobe Function in Stroke Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Mihyang Han ◽  
Da-Ye Kim ◽  
Ja-Ho Leigh ◽  
Min-Wook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Frontal Assessment Battery ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function

Objective To examine the correlation between the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) test, which is used to assess the frontal lobe function, and anatomical lesions as well as the ability of the test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction.Methods Records of stroke patients undergoing a FAB test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the lesions determined by an imaging study: frontal lobe cortex lesions, frontal subcortical circuit lesions, and other lesions. The FAB scores of the three groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The validity of the FAB test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction was assessed by a comparison with the Computerized Neuropsychological Function Test (CNT) using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficients between the FAB test and MMSE were analyzed further based on the MMSE cutoff score.Results Patients with frontal cortex lesions had significantly lower total and subtest scores according to the FAB test than the other patients. The FAB test correlated better with the CNT than the MMSE, particularly in the executive function and memory domains. A high MMSE score (r=0.435) indicated a lower correlation with the FAB test score than a low MMSE score (r=0.714).Conclusion The FAB test could differentiate frontal lobe lesions from others in stroke patients and showed a good correlation with the CNT. Moreover, the FAB test can be used in patients with high MMSE scores to detect frontal lobe dysfunction and determine the treatment strategies for stroke patients.

Estrogen, menstrual cycle phases, and psychopathology in women suffering from schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIELS BERGEMANN ◽  
PETER PARZER ◽  
BENNO RUNNEBAUM ◽  
FRANZ RESCH ◽  
CHRISTOPH MUNDT
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Regular Menses ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Syndrome

ABSTRACTBackgroundEstrogen has been hypothesized to have a protective and antipsychotic-like effect in women at risk for schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between menstrual cycle and/or estrogen levels and psychotic symptoms in a sample of women with schizophrenia.MethodOne hundred and twenty-five premenopausal women with schizophrenia and regular menses were examined. The levels of 17β-estradiol and other hormones of the gonadal axis were assessed in the follicular, peri-ovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The effects of the menstrual cycle phase and/or the estradiol level on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores were calculated by means of regression analyses.ResultsSignificant improvement in psychotic, but not depressive, symptoms was observed during the luteal phase, compared with other days of the menstrual cycle.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that estradiol may have specific antipsychotic-like effects on the symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus further investigation into the therapeutic effect of estrogen may be worthwhile.

Subjective awareness of tardive dyskinesia and insight in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Emsley ◽  
D.J.H. Niehaus ◽  
P.P. Oosthuizen ◽  
L. Koen ◽  
B. Chiliza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Subjective Awareness ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Mild Impairment ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractBackgroundLack of awareness of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and poor insight into mental illness are common in schizophrenia, raising the possibility that these phenomena are manifestations of a common underlying dysfunction.MethodsWe investigated relationships between low awareness of TD and poor insight into mental illness in 130 patients with schizophrenia and TD. We also examined selected demographic and clinical correlates of these two phenomena.ResultsSixty-six (51%) patients had no or low awareness of TD and 94 (72%) had at least mild impairment of insight into their mental illness. Low awareness of TD was not significantly correlated with greater impairment of insight into mental illness. Regression analyses indicated that the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) disorganised factor (β = 0.72, t = 11.88, p < 0.01) accounted for 52% of the variance in insight into mental illness (adjusted R2 = 0.55) (F[2, 127] = 81.00, p < 0.01) and the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) dyskinesia subscale score (β = 0.47, t = 6.80, p < 0.01), PANSS disorganised factor (β = −0.26, t = −3.73, p < 0.01), and ESRS parkinsonism subscale score (β = 0.31, t = 4.55, p < 0.01) together accounted for 37% of the variance in awareness of TD (adjusted R2 = 0.37) (F[3, 126] = 26.87, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe two phenomena appear to be dissociated, and may be domain-specific.

Influence ofNRGNrs12807809 polymorphism on symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia in the Han population but not the Zhuang population of south China

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Su ◽  
Jianxiong Long ◽  
Runde Pan ◽  
Xinfeng Xie ◽  
Xixiang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Subscale Score ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Han Population ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
General Activation ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Pooled Samples

BackgroundNRGNis one of the most promising candidate genes for schizophrenia based on function and position. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the genetic association of this polymorphism with schizophrenia in the Zhuang and Han populations of south China.Subjects and methodsA total of 282 patients (188 Han and 94 Zhuang) and 282 healthy subjects (188 Han and 94 Zhuang) were recruited. Of these, 246 schizophrenia patients underwent an assessment of psychotic symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A TaqMan genotyping assay method was used to determine the genotypes.ResultsWe did not find a significant association of rs12807809 polymorphism with schizophrenia in the total pooled samples, or in the separate ethnic groups. However, in Han schizophrenia patients, quantitative data analyses showed that the CC genotype of the rs12807809 polymorphism was associated with PANSS aggression subscale score and activation subscale score. Furthermore, carriers of the C allele of rs12807809 polymorphism among Han schizophrenia patients had higher scores of general, activation, depression, aggression, and global symptoms than the T allele carriers.ConclusionIn conclusion rs12807809 polymorphism may not contribute to the risk of schizophrenia but influence the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia in the Han population.

scholarly journals Nicotine dependence and illness severity in schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Krishnadas ◽  
Sameer Jauhar ◽  
Susan Telfer ◽  
Somashekara Shivashankar ◽  
Robin G. McCreadie
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Higher Doses

BackgroundReasons for the increased prevalence of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia are unclear. Studies assessing clinical symptoms have sampled heterogeneous populations, with discrepant findings.AimsTo examine the relationship between clinical features, social adjustment and nicotine dependence in a geographically defined population of people with schizophrenia.MethodCross-sectional clinical study of 131 people with schizophrenia in Nithsdale, Scotland.ResultsSmokers were younger, mostly males and three times more likely to be unemployed. Those with severe nicotine dependence had greater scores on the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and were prescribed higher doses of antipsychotic. Those with mild–moderate dependence had greater scores on the PANSS negative subscale. Greater symptom severity was associated with poorer social adjustment. Psychopathology and social adjustment were similar in quitters and never-smokers.ConclusionsOur findings indicate an association between nicotine dependence, clinical symptoms and social adjustment in schizophrenia. Although causal links cannot be inferred, identifying the relationship between nicotine dependence and psychopathology may have some value in the management of smoking in schizophrenia. Further longitudinal studies are required to explore this relationship.

scholarly journals Duration Mismatch Negativity Predicts Remission in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Nakajima ◽  
Yuko Higuchi ◽  
Takahiro Tateno ◽  
Daiki Sasabayashi ◽  
Yuko Mizukami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Symptomatic Remission ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Objective: Remission in schizophrenia patients is associated with neurocognitive, social, and role functioning during both the early and chronic stages of schizophrenia. It is well-established that the amplitudes of duration mismatch negativity (dMMN) and frequency MMN (fMMN) are reduced in schizophrenia patients. However, the potential link between MMN and remission has not been established. In this study, we investigated the relationship between MMNs and remission in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and their association with neurocognitive and social functioning.Method: dMMN and fMMN were measured in 30 patients with FES and 22 healthy controls at baseline and after a mean of 3 years. Clinical symptoms and cognitive and social functioning in the patients were assessed at the time of MMN measurements by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), modified Global Assessment of Functioning (mGAF), Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Remission of the patients was defined using the criteria by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group; of the 30 patients with FES, 14 achieved remission and 16 did not.Results: Baseline dMMN amplitude was reduced in FES compared to healthy controls. Further, baseline dMMN in the non-remitters had decreased amplitude and prolonged latency compared to the remitters. MMN did not change during follow-up period regardless of parameters, diagnosis, or remission status. Baseline dMMN amplitude in FES was correlated with future SCoRS and PANSS total scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dMMN amplitude at baseline was a significant predictor of remission.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that dMMN amplitude may be a useful biomarker for predicting symptomatic remission and improvement of cognitive and social functions in FES.

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