scholarly journals The Importance of Understanding COVID-19: The Role of Knowledge in Promoting Adherence to Protective Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Soederberg Miller ◽  
Perry M. Gee ◽  
Rachael A. Katz
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Background: Past research suggests that knowledge supports- but strong illness expectations thwart- adoption of protective behaviors (e.g., handwashing). Strong illness expectations may place COVID-19 essential workers at risk. It is unclear, however, whether knowledge can moderate the negative effects of pessimistic illness expectations on protective behaviors. We test COVID-19 knowledge as a moderator of the effects of (1) pessimistic illness expectations and (2) essential worker status on adherence to protective behaviors.Methods: Participants (n = 350) completed measures of knowledge, illness expectations, and protective behaviors. We used chi-square tests to examine associations between variables and logistic regressions to test the moderation models predicting adherence (low, high) while controlling for demographics.Results: Knowledge, illness expectations, and adherence were significantly associated with each other (p < 0.05). Essential workers had stronger illness expectations and lower knowledge than did non-essential workers (p < 0.001). Logistic regressions showed a non-significant Worker Status × Knowledge interaction (p = 0.59) but a significant Knowledge × Illness Expectations interaction (p < 0.05) indicating that those with strong illness expectations and low knowledge were disproportionately at risk of failing to adhere to recommended behaviors.Conclusions: Knowledge promotes protective behaviors by buffering the negative effects of pessimistic illness expectations. Essential workers are more likely to have low levels of knowledge with strong illness expectations, suggesting that educational policies may be warranted.

scholarly journals Role of community-based measures in adherence to self-protective behaviors during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Asma Ayyed AL-Shammary ◽  
Sehar un-Nisa Hassan ◽  
Aqeela Zahra ◽  
Fahad Bin Zafir Algahtani ◽  
Shadi Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Second Wave

Background: The expected second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has started in various regions of the world. Public health experts warned that it could be as lethal as the first wave if people did not comply with self-protective measures. Currently, there is a gap in the literature on the relationship between peoples’ assessment of the effectiveness of community-based measures regarding adherence to self-protective behaviors for COVID-19 prevention and control. This study aimed to assess the role of the perceived effectiveness of community-based measures in adherence to self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The cross-sectional online survey conducted from March 24 to June 22, 2020. The study sample Included 400 participants (49% male and 51% female) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The outcome measure was compliance to four self-protective behaviors i.e., "social distancing;" "wearing facemask;" "washing hands more frequently;" and "disinfecting surfaces in homes." We computed Chi-square statistics and odds ratios (ORs) using 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The findings demonstrated that participants aged 25–34 years old were 25% less likely to comply with hand hygiene (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.33–0.95) and social distancing (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.34–0.98). Misconceptions related to COVID-19 significantly decreased compliance with self-protective behaviors by up to 27%. Participants who rated government decisions as useful were approximately 1.7 times more likely to comply with self-protective behaviors. Conclusion: Community-based measures should focus on engaging segments of the population That are currently less compliant. Health education policies should also focus on enhancing the perceived sense of control and personal responsibility and reduce anxiety levels. A continuous commitment to the implementation of preventive interventions and the clarification of misconceptions are required to combat the expected second wave.

scholarly journals Role of peers and family with the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus in the working area of Seberang Padang health center, Padang city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Oktariyani Dasril ◽  
Puteri Fannya
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poor Family ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Control Study

Background: The occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Seberang Padang health center has increased every year. The role of coeval friends and family is one of the factors that influence HIV prevalence. This study aims to discover the role of peers and family with HIV occurrence in the area of the Seberang Padang health center.Methods: This type of research is observational analytic with case control study design. Time of study in October 2017. The population were all of HIV cases at Seberang Padang Health Center, 41 cases with a sample of 16 cases and 16 controls. Data collection uses a questionnaire. Univariate analysis using descriptive statistical method in the form of frequency distribution and percentage while bivariate with α 0.05 chi square test.Results: More than half (78.6%) of respondents have a poor peer role, more than half (71.4%) respondents have a poor family role. There was a relationship between the role of peers and the role of the family with HIV. People with poor family roles are 15 times at risk for HIV incidence and 9 times at risk if they have a poor peer roles.Conclusions: Peers and family have an important role in shaping a person's behavior, thus increasing the risk of suffering from HIV. Seberang Padang Puskesmas officers are advised to educate families to always act as the most active group to remind respondents to maintain health and keep away from anything that can damage their health and avoid HIV.

scholarly journals The Long-Run Impacts of a Universal Child Care Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Baker ◽  
Jonathan Gruber ◽  
Kevin Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Childhood Environment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Early Childhood Environment ◽  
Lower Life Satisfaction

Past research documents the persistence of positive impacts of early life interventions on noncognitive skills. We test the symmetry of this finding by studying the persistence of a sizeable negative shock to noncognitive outcomes arising with the introduction of universal child care in Quebec. We find that the negative effects on noncognitive outcomes persisted to school ages, and also that cohorts with increased child care access had worse health, lower life satisfaction, and higher crime rates later in life. Our results reinforce previous evidence of the central role of the early childhood environment for long-run success. (JEL I12, I31, J13, K42)

scholarly journals Lipid Profiles at Birth Predict Teacher-Rated Child Emotional and Social Development 5 Years Later

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1780-1789
Author(s):  
Erika M. Manczak ◽  
Ian H. Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Low Levels

The fetal environment has been increasingly implicated in later psychological health, but the role of lipids is unknown. Drawing on the ethnically diverse Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort, the current study related levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides in umbilical cord blood to 1,369 children’s teacher-rated psychosocial competence approximately 5 years later. Results of ordinal logistic regressions indicated that low levels of HDL, high levels of VLDL, and high levels of triglycerides predicted greater likelihood of being rated as less competent in domains of emotion regulation, self-awareness, and interpersonal functioning. Furthermore, these results generalized across ethnic background and children’s sex and were not accounted for by variables reflecting mothers’ psychological or physical health, children’s physical health, or children’s special education status. Together, these results identify fetal exposure to anomalous lipid levels as a possible contributor to subsequent psychological health and social functioning.

scholarly journals P109 Influenza vaccine uptake

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil Noureldin ◽  
Nicola Erb
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
School Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Dmard Treatment ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Abstract Background Patients on immunosuppressive csDMARDs and bDMARDs for inflammatory and autoimmune conditions are more susceptible to infection. Viral infection in these patients is associated with an increased likelihood of severe outcomes such as bacterial pneumonia, hospitalisation and death. The influenza vaccine is a simple and effective measure to protect patients from seasonal flu. Traditionally uptake has been patchy in rheumatology patients for unclear reasons. Methods Aim: To assess the uptake of the influenza vaccine amongst at risk patients in a secondary care rheumatology department and investigate the factors that may affect uptake. Methodology: This is a cross sectional retrospective study with a sample size of 200. Patients were invited to complete a paper survey when they attended their outpatient rheumatology clinic in May/June 2019 about the previous winter 2018/19 influenza season. Chi square tests were used to determine whether age, educational level and ethnicity had an impact on vaccine uptake. Results 5% of the population were aged between 18 - 30, 21% between 31 - 50, 48% between 51 - 70, 25% between 71-90 and 1% were above 90. 56% attained secondary school level education, 13% completed college/A levels,18% had completed university,12% completed vocational education and only 1% attained primary school level alone. Most of the patients were Caucasian (93%) with only a small percentage of different ethnic groups represented in the sample. 62% of the patients were on DMARD treatment. Of those who were on DMARD treatment, 78% were vaccinated against influenza in the last season. 55% of those not on DMARD treatments were vaccinated. Chi square tests showed a significant relationship between age and vaccine uptake with older patients more likely to have the vaccine(p < 0.001). The tests also showed that higher education levels were associated with higher vaccine uptake(p < 0.02). Those on DMARDs were also significantly more likely to be vaccinated than those not on DMARDs (p < 0.001). The sample sizes in the different ethnic groups weren’t big enough to assess the effect of ethnicity on uptake. The top three reasons given by patients for not having the vaccine were that they didn’t feel it was necessary, worrying that they’d get sick afterwards and not finding the time to have it done. Conclusion Age, education level and being on DMARD treatment had an impact on influenza vaccine uptake. Further patient education on the importance and benefits of the influenza vaccine needs to be provided to patients to improve vaccination rates in at risk individuals. Influenza vaccine should be discussed with all patients at routine follow up visits, appropriate educational provided and general practitioners alerted to the need to place immunosuppressed rheumatology patients on call up schemes for influenza vaccination Disclosures B. Noureldin None. N. Erb None.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Early Identification of Youth at Risk for Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Ivonne Andrea Florez ◽  
Devon LoParo ◽  
Nakia Valentine ◽  
Dorian A. Lamis
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Lethal Means

Abstract. Background: Early identification and appropriate referral services are priorities to prevent suicide. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe patterns of identification and referrals among three behavioral health centers and determine whether youth demographic factors and type of training received by providers were associated with identification and referral patterns. Method: The Early Identification Referral Forms were used to gather the data of interest among 820 youth aged 10–24 years who were screened for suicide risk (females = 53.8%). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions were conducted to examine significant associations. Results: Significant associations between gender, race, and age and screening positive for suicide were found. Age and race were significantly associated with different patterns of referrals and/or services received by youths. For providers, being trained in Counseling on Access to Lethal Means was positively associated with number of referrals to inpatient services. Limitations: The correlational nature of the study and lack of information about suicide risk and comorbidity of psychiatric symptoms limit the implications of the findings. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of considering demographic factors when identifying and referring youth at risk to ensure standard yet culturally appropriate procedures to prevent suicide.

Social and Temporal Comparisons as Moderators of Psychological Resources Associations With Wellbeing

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasida Ben-Zur
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
General Wellbeing

Abstract. The current study investigated the associations of psychological resources, social comparisons, and temporal comparisons with general wellbeing. The sample included 142 community participants (47.9% men; age range 23–83 years), who compared themselves with others, and with their younger selves, on eight dimensions (e.g., physical health, resilience). They also completed questionnaires assessing psychological resources of mastery and self-esteem, and three components of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and negative and positive affect. The main results showed that high levels of psychological resources contributed to wellbeing, with self-enhancing social and temporal comparisons moderating the effects of resources on certain wellbeing components. Specifically, under low levels of mastery or self-esteem self-enhancing social or temporal comparisons were related to either higher life satisfaction or positive affect. The results highlight the role of resources and comparisons in promoting people’s wellbeing, and suggest that self-enhancing comparisons function as cognitive coping mechanisms when psychological resources are low.

HUBUNGAN PERAN FAMILY CAREGIVER TERHADAP QUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
RIANI PRADARA JATI ◽  
Sekar Farah Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family

  Penempatan peran yang baik bagi Family Caregiver sangatlah membantu lansia dalam meningkatkah qualitas hidupnya, meningkatkan motivasi dalam menjalankan hidup Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengetahui hubungan peran Family Caregiver dalam pemenuhan qualitas hidup bagi lansia di Kelurahan Langenharjo Kabupaten Kendal. DesainPenelitianDeskriptifKorelasional menggunakan pendekatan Krosectional,tehnikSamplingStratified Simple Random Sampling dengan karakteristik heterogen, dari populasi mempunyai hak yang sama untuk diseleksi sebagai sampel teknik undianPengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji statistik Chi-square, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 70 sampel pada Family Caregiver dari 213 populasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian dari 70 responden didapatkan Peran Family Caregiver tidak baik dengan qualitas hidup tidak baik 33 (47,1%), sedangkan Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik 3 (4,3%). Untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik sebanyak 6 responden (8,6%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik sebanyak 23 responden (32,9%). Terakhir, untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik didapatkan hasil 2 responden (2, 9%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik didapatkan hasil 3 responden (4,3%)Menunjukkan nilai ρ value 0,001 (ρ < 0,05) berarti ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan lansia dalam keikutsertaan posyandu lansia. Disarankan kepada semua Family Cregiver lansia untuk mampu memahami pentingnya perhatian, dukungan bagi lansia dalammeningkatkan qualitas hidup yang lebih baik bagi lansia.   Kata kunci : Peran family caregiver, qualitas hidup, lansia.   ABSTRACT Placement of a good role for Family Caregiver is very helpful for the elderly to improve their quality of life, increase motivation in living life Research Objective: To know the relationship between the role of Family Caregiver in fulfilling quality of life for the elderly in Langenharjo Village, Kendal Regency. Descriptive Correlational Research Design uses a cross sectional approach, Sampling Stratified Simple Random Sampling technique with heterogeneous characteristics, from the population has the same right to be selected as a sample lottery technique Retrieving data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Test Chi-square statistics, with a significance level of 5% the number of samples in this study 70 samples on the Family Caregiver from 213 populations. Results of the Study Of 70 respondents found the role of Family Caregiver was not good with poor quality of life 33 (47.1%) , while the role of the Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of a good elderly 3 (4.3%). For the distribution of the role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of the poor family as many as 6 respondents (8.6%) while for the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of good elderly as many as 23 respondents (32.9%). Finally, the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the poor is obtained by 2 respondents (2, 9%), while the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the elderly is obtained by 3 respondents (4.3%). 0.001 (ρ <0.05) means that there is a relationship between family support and the compliance of the elderly in the participation of the elderly posyandu. It is recommended to all elderly Cregiver families to be able to understand the importance of attention, support for the elderly in improving the quality of life better for the elderly   Keywords: Role of Family Caregiver, Quality of Life, Elderly

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

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