scholarly journals Evaluation of P22 ELISA for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis-Specific Antibody in the Oral Fluid of Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ortega ◽  
José A. Infantes-Lorenzo ◽  
Javier Bezos ◽  
Álvaro Roy ◽  
Lucia de Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Infected Herd ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Ifn Γ

The ante-mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in ruminants is based mainly on the intradermal tuberculin test and the IFN-γ assay. Antibody (Ab)-based tests have emerged as potential tools for the detection of TB infected animals using serum, plasma, or even milk samples. Oral fluids have also been evaluated as alternative samples with which to detect specific Abs against Mycobacterium bovis in pigs or wild boars, but not in ruminants. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the performance of an in house-ELISA for TB diagnosis (P22 ELISA) in goats as an experimental model for the diagnosis of TB using oral fluid samples. Oral fluid samples from 64 goats from a TB-infected herd (n = 197) and all the animals from a TB-free herd (n = 113) were analyzed using the P22 ELISA. The estimated sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were 34.4% (95% CI: 22.4–45.6) and 100% (95% CI: 97.4–100), respectively. The optimal cut-off point was set at 100% according to the ROC analysis. Those animals with a higher level of Abs in their oral fluid attained a higher lesion score (p = 0.018). In fact, when taking into account only the setting of the animals with severe lesions (n = 16), the ELISA showed a Se of 75% (95% CI: 53.7–96.2). Results of the present study suggest that the P22 ELISA is highly specific but has a limited value detecting infected animals in oral fluid samples. Nevertheless, its performance is significantly higher in the presence of severe lesions.

Occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle in Kaduna metropolis and its environs

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. T. Tinau ◽  
I. K. Alhabib ◽  
A. G. Bala ◽  
B. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Tuberculin Reaction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Tuberculin Tests

The tedious nature of tuberculin tests in Nigeria, warrants the need for an alternative rapid animal-side means of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to provide information on the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of M. bovis infection in cattle in Kaduna metropolis and it's environ. A total 239 heads of cattle from 8 herds were randomly selected and tuberculin tested, two herds being from each of the four local government areas involved and pooled milk samples from the eight herds were tested for acid fastness. Also, all heads of cattle totaling 2978 slaughtered at the 2 abattoirs during the month of May, 2012 were examined at postmortem and tissues with lesions compatible with lesions of were collected and tested for acid fastness. The results of the experiment showed that only 23 (9.6%) of the animals tested were classified as reactors and these came from only one of the eight herds studied. A clear swelling was seen in each of the positive cases. Out of the eight herds tested, 6 (75%) were settled and the remaining 2 (25%) were semi- settled. Similarly, 6 (75%) of the herds were for mixed production system and 2(25%) were kept solely as dairy herds. Positive tuberculin test was only observed from among one of the six settled herds 1(17%) while cattle in the remaining 5(83%} settled herds all tested negative. All the two semi-settled herds (100%) tested negative. The tuberculin reaction among different production systems showed that only 1 (50%) of the dairy herds tested positive and all the 6 (100%) mixed herds tested negative. Atuberculin positive reaction of 19 (7.9%) was observed among the females and 4 (1.67%) among the males. The chi-square test of significance between the tuberculin reaction and sex of the animals showed no significant effect (P > 0.05). Hence, it can be concluded that, Mycobacterium bovis was neither cultured nor isolated and therefore, could not be confirmed responsible for the observed reactions. However, its involvement is strongly suggested by both its higher values compared to those for Mycobacterium avium in the single intradermal comparative tuberculin test and the observed in the stained smears of both the milk samples collected and the bovine tissues from the abattoirs.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis in milk from cows in northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2166-2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelson Marcolino Ramos ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
José Soares Ferreira Neto ◽  
Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho ◽  
Nicolás Céspedes Cárdenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Three Samples

ABSTRACT: Milk samples from 16 cows that tested positive on the tuberculin test in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, were used for mycobacteria isolation and identification. Mycobacteria were isolated from five (31.25%) of the 16 milk samples; three samples were classified as M. bovis, and two as belonging to the Mycobacterium genus. This is probably the first study of isolation and identification of M. bovis in milk from cows in Northeastern Brazil, which suggests that humans are at risk of contamination by ingestion.

scholarly journals Co-administration of Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-3 Agonist Poly I:C with Different Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Vaccines Improves IBD Specific Immune Response in Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannaki T Ramasamy ◽  
E Priyanka ◽  
Manda Abhilash ◽  
Santosh Haunshi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are emerging as promising vaccine adjuvants and immunomodulators in poultry against many diseases. Infectious bursa disease (IBD) still remains as a major threat in poultry industry. Improving the vaccine mediated immune response would help in better protection against IBD virus infection. Adjuvant potential of TLR3 agonist, Poly I:C with different IBD vaccines has been analyzed in chicken in the present study. Intermediate, intermediate plus IBD vaccine, bursaplex vaccine and their respective poly I:C combinations were used for immunization of chicken. IBD specific antibody titre, bursa to body weight ratio, body weight gain and bursal lesion scores were evaluated at weekly interval in different immunization groups. Fold changes in cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ mRNA expression levels were also analyzed in different groups. Intermediate IBD plus vaccine induced significantly (P≤0.05) higher IBD specific antibody response at 35 days of age than other groups with comparatively lower body weight gain and moderate bursal lesion score. Poly I:C co-administration with intermediate IBD vaccine and bursaplex vaccine improved the IBD specific antibody titres, better body weight gain and moderately less bursal lesion score. However, Poly I:C combination with intermediate plus IBD vaccine did not improve the specific immune response. IL-1β levels were up-regulated in intermediate plus and bursaplex group, whereas IFN-γ m RNA expression levels were upregulated in intermediate IBD with Poly IC group. In conclusion, poly I:C co-administration with intermediate IBD and bursaplex vaccine was beneficial and improved the specific immune response with least immunosuppression and bursal damage.

scholarly journals The Initial Course of IL1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α with Regard to Severity Grade in Acute Pancreatitis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Hanna Sternby ◽  
Hannes Hartman ◽  
Henrik Thorlacius ◽  
Sara Regnér
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ifn Γ

Clinical reports on early immune dysregulation in acute pancreatitis (AP) are scarce. Herein we investigate the initial temporal development of selected biomarkers. Blood samples were taken at 0–24 and 25–48 h after onsets of AP were acquired. Mean values and temporal intermediate difference (delta-values) of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α were calculated. Differences between severity groups, predictive capacity of the biomarkers and association with severe disease were analyzed. Paired comparison of samples (n = 115) taken at 0–24 and 25–48 h after onsets of AP showed a change over time for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 (p < 0.05) and a significant difference between severity groups after 24 h. In ROC-analysis an IL-6 cut-off level of 196.6 pg/mL could differentiate severe AP (sensitivity 81.9, specificity 91.3). The delta-values of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly associated with severe outcomes (odds ratios 1.085 and 1.002, respectively). Data of this work demonstrate a distinct change in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-6 over the first 48 h after onset of AP. The temporal development of biomarkers can assist in the early stratification of the disease. Herein IL-1β and IL-6 were associated with severe disease, however the prognostic capacity of investigated biomarkers is low.

scholarly journals Virally Activated CD8 T Cells Home to Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Induced Granulomas but Enhance Antimycobacterial Protection Only in Immunodeficient Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura H. Hogan ◽  
Dominic O. Co ◽  
Jozsef Karman ◽  
Erika Heninger ◽  
M. Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT The effect of secondary infections on CD4 T-cell-regulated chronic granulomatous inflammation is not well understood. Here, we have investigated the effect of an acute viral infection on the cellular composition and bacterial protection in Mycobacterium bovis strain bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced granulomas using an immunocompetent and a partially immunodeficient murine model. Acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) coinfection of C57BL/6 mice led to substantial accumulation of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing LCMV-specific T cells in liver granulomas and increased local IFN-γ. Despite traffic of activated T cells that resulted in a CD8 T-cell-dominated granuloma, the BCG liver organ load was unaltered from control levels. In OT-1 T-cell-receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, ovalbumin (OVA) immunization or LCMV coinfection of BCG-infected mice induced CD8 T-cell-dominated granulomas containing large numbers of non-BCG-specific activated T cells. The higher baseline BCG organ load in this CD8 TCR transgenic animal allowed us to demonstrate that OVA immunization and LCMV coinfection increased anti-BCG protection. The bacterial load remained substantially higher than in mice with a more complete TCR repertoire. Overall, the present study suggests that peripherally activated CD8 T cells can be recruited to chronic inflammatory sites, but their contribution to protective immunity is limited to conditions of underlying immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of gene xpert analysis in pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective clinical study in North-Western India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Karthik S. ◽  
Jigisha Patadiya
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Western India ◽  
X Rays

Background: The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) by microbiological tests is a major challenge particularly in children. The use of Xpert analysis, a rapid genetic testing modality is not widely reported in our locality. The aim of the study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Gene xpert analysis in diagnosis of pediatric Pulmonary TB.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study was conducted among 140 participants with symptomatology pertaining to pulmonary TB as per Revised national tuberculosis control program (RNTCP, India) criteria. The Xpert testing (GXT) was performed as per standards and was compared with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), tuberculin test (TT) and chest X-rays (CXR). The obtained results were reported in terms of Sensitivity %, Specificity %, Positive Predictive Value % (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value % (NPV) for comparisons. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis.Results: The GXT was positive (10.71 %) in suspected TB patients. TT has significantly (10 %) with a73.33% sensitivity, 93.60% specificity and a PPV of 57.89 % when compared with xpert. The ESR showed a sensitivity of 53.33% and a specificity of 56%. The CXR showed sensitivity of 93.33%. The ROC analysis showed that TT had a higher confidence interval (0.699-0.970) t5`han other methods. The Rifampicin resistance was found 7.5% (n=2) of 15 GXT positive cases.Conclusions: The xpert based diagnosis of gastric lavage samples after a tuberculin test (TT) had high sensitivity and specificity, followed by chest X ray while the ESR had lower clinical accuracy. The ‘gene xpert analysis’ is highly useful rapid tool for diagnosis of children with TB. 

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I B Cadmus ◽  
N. N Atsanda ◽  
S. O Oni ◽  
E. E U Akang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N&rsquo;dama breed and seven animals of White&nbsp;Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

Inhibition of IFN-γ promotes anti-asthma effect of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin neonatal vaccination: A murine asthma model

Vaccine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 2070-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Li J. Wang ◽  
Xiao H. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Murine Asthma Model

scholarly journals Simultaneous Measurement of Antigen-Stimulated Interleukin-1β and Gamma Interferon Production Enhances Test Sensitivity for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1946-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Jones ◽  
Chris Pirson ◽  
R. Glyn Hewinson ◽  
H. Martin Vordermeier
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Readout System ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT In order to identify cytokines that may be useful as candidates for inclusion in diagnostic tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle, we compared the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in whole-blood cultures from tuberculosis (TB) reactor animals or TB-free controls following stimulation with M. bovis-specific antigens (purified protein derivative from M. bovis [PPD-B] or ESAT-6/CFP-10). In addition to IFN-γ responses, the production of IL-1β and TNF-α was also statistically significantly elevated in TB reactor cattle over that in uninfected controls following stimulation with PPD-B or ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptides. Thus, we evaluated whether the use of these two additional readouts could disclose further animals not detected by measuring IFN-γ alone. To this end, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to define diagnostic cutoffs for positivity for TNF-α and IL-1β. These results revealed that for ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced responses, the use of all three readouts (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in parallel increased the sensitivity of detection of M. bovis-infected animals by 11% but also resulted in a specificity decrease of 14%. However, applying only IFN-γ and IL-1β in parallel resulted in a 5% increase in sensitivity without the corresponding loss of specificity. The results for PPD-B-induced responses were similar, although the loss of specificity was more pronounced, even when only IFN-γ and IL-1β were used as readout systems. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the use of an additional readout system, such as IL-1β, can potentially complement IFN-γ by increasing overall test sensitivity for the detection of M. bovis infection in cattle.

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