scholarly journals The Acoustics of the Choir in Spanish Cathedrals

Acoustics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Alonso ◽  
Rafael Suárez ◽  
Juan Sendra
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Current State ◽  
Acoustic Conditions ◽  
Indoor Spaces

One of the most significant enclosures in worship spaces is that of the choir. Generally, from a historical point of view, the choir is a semi-enclosed and privileged area reserved for the clergy, whose position and configuration gives it a private character. Regarding the generation and transformation of ecclesial interior spaces, the choir commands a role of the first magnitude. Its shape and location produce, on occasions, major modifications that significantly affect the acoustics of these indoor spaces. In the case of Spanish cathedrals, whose design responds to the so-called “Spanish type”, the central position of the choir, enclosed by high stonework walls on three of its sides and with numerous wooden stalls inside, breaks up the space in the main nave, thereby generating other new spaces, such as the trascoro. The aim of this work was to analyse the acoustic evolution of the choir as one of the main elements that configure the sound space of Spanish cathedrals. By means of in situ measurements and simulation models, the main acoustic parameters were evaluated, both in their current state and in their original configurations that have since disappeared. This analysis enabled the various acoustic conditions existing between the choir itself and the area of the faithful to be verified, and the significant improvement of the acoustic quality in the choir space to become apparent. The effect on the acoustic parameters is highly significant, with slight differences in the choir, where the values are appropriate for Gregorian chants, and suitable intelligibility of sung text. High values are also obtained in the area of the faithful, which lacked specific acoustic requirements at the time of construction.

scholarly journals World fish market: current trends, state and prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Inna V Andronova ◽  
Elena A Yakimovich
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the state of the world fish market, problems and prospects for its development in the context of current trends in the world economy. The authors emphasize the importance of the space allocated to the world fish market in solving global problems of our time, such as fighting hunger, ensuring food security, sustainable development, etc. The article presents the current state of world fishing and fish farming, the main producers and exporters, Russia’s place in this market. Reflected issues related to the role of developing countries in this sector of the economy. Conclusions are drawn about the problems and prospects of the world fish market from the point of view of the sustainable development of the world community and the growth of consumption of this food product by the population of the planet.

scholarly journals Clicking Azides and Alkynes with Poly(pyrazolyl)borate-Copper(I) Catalysts: An Experimental and Computational Study

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahoucine Bahsis ◽  
Hicham Ben El Ayouchia ◽  
Hafid Anane ◽  
Carmen Ramirez de Arellano ◽  
Abdeslem Bentama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Benign Solvents ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Global And Local

The synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles under a copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) regime was accomplished in high yields and a regioselective manner by using two homoscorpionate poly(pyrazolyl)borate anions: tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate (HB(pz)3−) and bis(pyrazolyl)hydroborate (H2B(pz)2−), which stabilized in situ the catalytically active copper (I) center. The [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions took place under strict click conditions, including room temperature and a mixture of environmentally benign solvents such as water/ethanol in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio. These click chemistry conditions were applied to form complex 1,2,3-triazoles-containing sugar moieties, which are potentially relevant from a biological point of view. Computational modeling carried out by DFT methodologies at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level showed that the coordination of poly(pyrazolyl)borate-copper(I) to alkyne groups produced relevant changes in terms of generating a high polar copper(I)-acetylide intermediates. The analysis of the global and local reactivity indices explains correctly the role of poly(pyrazolyl)borate ligands in the stabilization and activation of the copper(I) catalyst in the studied 32CA reactions.

The Role of Synovial Fluid Properties in a Dynamic Hip Joint Simulation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pieterse ◽  
P. L. de Vaal ◽  
C. Sandrock
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Cost

Accurate mathematical modelling of joints is directly related to the need to obtain a better fundamental understanding of the role that elements of the system have on the dynamic tribological behaviour of the component it represents. Simulation models also make a contribution towards reduction of the cost of in-situ experimentation in biotribological systems, as well as overcoming difficulties with ethical and practical problems related to in-situ testing. The aim of the current work is to report on the results obtained from a dynamic model of a human hip joint. The model is used to investigate the tribological performance of the synovial fluid over a varying range of operating conditions — specifically pressure, temperature and varying load conditions. The model is based on a minimum of empirical relationships, preferring relationships grounded in solid fundamental theory. This reduces the number of parameters that can be modified in the model and ensures that predictions made are not based on external manipulations.

scholarly journals The rhyme of Grygoriy Skovoroda as a language phenomenon

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Yuliya Dyadyscheva-Rosovetska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current State ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Different Origin

Specific language of the Gregory Skovoroda still attract the attention of scientists, especially common are discussions on combination of elements of the different origin in his poetics. The emphasis is on the method of reconstruction of features of the language of ancient texts, which is a complex set of procedures. The various approaches of scientists to the linguistic interpretation of Skovoroda's texts are analyzed: certain heterogeneity taking into account stylistic differentiation, approaching to Russian, a mixture of Church Slavicisms, Ukrainianisms, Russisms, pseudo-Ukrainianisms and pseudorussisms, a combination of the traditional Old Slavonic element with the linguistic folk, the Slavic Ukrainian book 2 half of the XVIII century Etc., a qualitatively new phenomenon, representing the only Eastern Slavic literary language. Unfortunately, the problem of language of the Gregory Skovoroda is usually observed only from the point of view of the current state of development of the Ukrainian language and the processes that occur in it at the beginning of the XXI century. This study's autor approaches this issue from diachronic point of view, reconstructing G. Skovoroda’s speech issues in the context of the language environment of his time and using a comparative method to identify the original pronunciation of the G. Skovoroda’s the poetry in relation to the spelling of his poetic texts. With this instrumentary, rhyme in a number of poems becomes available to study. In particular, proposed method is used upon a "Tenth song" from the series "Garden of Divine Songs", only its author's version on autograph rough copy becouse versions published in academic collections in 1973 and 2011 hold traces of adaptation to the norms of modern spelling. Based on our observations on the draft of the autograph’s Song "To Every City Its Customs and Laws" by G. Skovoroda, we can conclude that when reading the poetry of the G. Skovoroda using Ukrainian language phonetic signs, rhyme is accurate, whereas in rules of "Russian" reading - is inaccurate. This is the evidence for the important role of the Ukrainian component in the language of the poet-philosopher and that his poems are ment to be read using Ukrainian rules. In the perspective, proposed approach can be applyed to analyze the language of other poetic works by Gregory Skovoroda. Key words: language of G. Skovoroda, rhyme, historical linguistic stylistics, linguistic phonetics, Ukrainian language, Old Chirche Slavonic language. Information about author: Dyadyshcheva-Rosovetska Juliya Borysivna – PhD, associate professor; associate professor of the department of stylistics and language communication; Institute of philology; Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University.

scholarly journals Towards a better understanding of the role of nectar-inhabiting yeasts in plant–animal interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Klaps ◽  
Bart Lievens ◽  
Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Current State ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Plant Animal Interactions

AbstractFlowers offer a wide variety of substrates suitable for fungal growth. However, the mycological study of flowers has only recently begun to be systematically addressed from an ecological point of view. Most research on the topic carried out during the last decade has focused on studying the prevalence and diversity of flower-inhabiting yeasts, describing new species retrieved from floral parts and animal pollinators, and the use of select nectar yeasts as model systems to test ecological hypotheses. In this primer article, we summarize the current state of the art in floral nectar mycology and provide an overview of some research areas that, in our view, still require further attention, such as the influence of fungal volatile organic compounds on the foraging behavior of pollinators and other floral visitors, the analysis of the direct and indirect effects of nectar-inhabiting fungi on the fitness of plants and animals, and the nature and consequences of fungal-bacterial interactions taking place within flowers.

Risk-Based Applications in Industry

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Re´ka Fo´tos ◽  
La´szlo´ To´th
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
Current State ◽  
Controversial Industries ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Maintenance And Inspection

The concept of risk evaluation exists for centuries. It is present everywhere, in the economy, in the industry and in our everyday life. In the decades past, the role of risk concept is increasing continuously, which is due to a lot of reasonable reasons. The paper shows, why the risk-based applications are extended in more and more branches of industry. This likes to be a “communication interface” between the “economists” and “engineers”. This new improvement in inpection planning involves numerous benefits, but raises some questions, e.g. from the regulatory point of view. What are needed to implement the risk-based strategy and for what can we expected as the result of it? The paper shows a solution of the implementation of the risk-based methodologies, which main principles can be applied in the most fields of industry. The main aim is to focus the maintenance and inspection efforts on the highest risk elements, but how can we establish an adequate order between them, on the basis of risk? Are there any standards or guidelines for risk-based strategies in the different industries? The paper tries to summarize the current state of risk-based approaches, considering the benefits and difficulties of it. The paper concentrates on the nuclear industry, which is one of the most controversial industries, since the whole society is divided on this issue. The concept of risk is unthinkable in this field for a lot of people, including some regulatory bodies. As opposed to it, in some countries there are an acceptable process is the risk-based managing of nuclear power plants. What is the cause of this sharp difference? The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the state of the art in this field and to show the trends in the development of risk-based approaches.

scholarly journals ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE OF AZERBAIJAN: RETROSPECTIV ANALYSIS, CURRENT REALITIES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Nurlan Hajizadeh Nurlan Hajizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic

The study of the static and dynamic state of the energy infrastructure complex has always been among the issues of scientific relevance. This reality is also largely due to the leading role of the energy infrastructure complex in the economy, in people's lives and economic life. From this point of view, the scientific significance of the study of the current state and development trends of the energy infrastructure complex of Azerbaijan differs. Therefore, the article analyzes and evaluates the related processes from a retrospective and perspective perspective. Generalizations are made and a broad schematic structure of the energy infrastructure complex in the Republic of Azerbaijan is presented. Keywords: oil strategy, energy infrastructure, oil and gas, electricity, chemical industry.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

In situ TEM studies of irradiation effects for materials improvement

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Analytical Tools

Irradiation effects studies employing TEMs as analytical tools have been conducted for almost as many years as materials people have done TEM, motivated largely by materials needs for nuclear reactor development. Such studies have focussed on the behavior both of nuclear fuels and of materials for other reactor components which are subjected to radiation-induced degradation. Especially in the 1950s and 60s, post-irradiation TEM analysis may have been coupled to in situ (in reactor or in pile) experiments (e.g., irradiation-induced creep experiments of austenitic stainless steels). Although necessary from a technological point of view, such experiments are difficult to instrument (measure strain dynamically, e.g.) and control (temperature, e.g.) and require months or even years to perform in a nuclear reactor or in a spallation neutron source. Consequently, methods were sought for simulation of neutroninduced radiation damage of materials, the simulations employing other forms of radiation; in the case of metals and alloys, high energy electrons and high energy ions.

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