scholarly journals Effect of Ramie Fabric Chemical Treatments on the Physical Properties of Thermoset Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhong Wang ◽  
Zilong Ren ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Xiaosu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Flexure Strength ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ramie Fibers

Ramie fabric-reinforced thermoset polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared by using heat pressing technology. Fabrics were treated with alkali, silane, and alkali–silane respectively, expecting an improvement of the interface between the fabric and the matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that after alkali treatment, impurities on the fiber surface were removed and its diameter became finer. After the silane, and alkali–silane treatments, the contact angles of the ramie fibers increased by 14.26%, and 33.12%, respectively. The contact angle of the alkali–silane treated fiber reached 76.41°; this is beneficial for the adhesion between ramie fiber and the PLA. The research revealed that the tensile strength of the fiber increased after the alkali and silane treatments. A slight decrease was noticed on the tensile strength of fibers treated with alkali–silane. After all, three chemical treatments were done, the flexure strength of the ramie fabric-reinforced PLA composites, improved in all cases. Among the three treatments, the alkali–silane treatment demonstrated the best result, as far as the flexure strength and modulus of the fabricated composites were concerned. On the other hand, water absorption of the related composites decreased by 23.70%, which might contribute to the closer contact between the ramie fiber and the matrix. The ramie fabric-reinforced PLA composites, prepared in this study, can meet the standard requirements of aircraft interior structures and have favorable application foreground.

scholarly journals THE IMPROVEMENT OF RAMIE FIBER PROPERTIES AS COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING ALKALIZATION TREATMENT: NaOH CONCENTRATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Umi Lailatul Jamilah ◽  
Sujito Sujito
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir

THE IMPROVEMENT OF RAMIE FIBER PROPERTIES AS COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING ALKALIZATION TREATMENT: NaOH CONCENTRATION. Ramie fiber is a plant fiber that has good quality and potential as a constituent of composite materials. In this study, ramie fiber surface modification was conducted through alkalization with various at 0%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9% concentrations of NaOH using a magnetic stirrer with a speed of 200 rpm at 70οC for 5 hours. Alkaline ramie fibers are characterized using the Cheson method to determine the chemical composition of ramie fiber, FT-IR test to determine the function group of ramie fiber, morphological test to know the surface structure and diameter of ramie fiber, as well as tensile test to know the tensile strength and tensile modulus of PLA/ramie composite. Overall, the increase of NaOH concentration up to 8% percentage was able to increase the level of cellulose and lignin ramie fibers by 88.180 % and 2.444 %, as well as lower hemicellulose levels of 1.446 %. The alkalization treatment of 8% NaOH, optimally reduces the hydrophilic properties of the fiber. The increased concentration of NaOH makes the fiber surface cleaner and the diameter smaller, but the fiber structure is damaged at a concentration of NaOH more than 8%. Tensile test results showed that alkalized ramie fibers with an 8% concentration of NaOH produced PLA/ramie composites with the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus of 57.37 MPa and 248.25 MPa. Thus, the optimum ramie fiber properties are increased using alkalization with an 8% concentration of NaOH.

Thermal, structural, and mechanical effects of nanofibrillated cellulose in polylactic acid filaments for additive manufacturing

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7954-7964
Author(s):  
Diego Gomez-Maldonado ◽  
Maria Soledad Peresin ◽  
Christina Verdi ◽  
Guillermo Velarde ◽  
Daniel Saloni
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
The Matrix

As the additive manufacturing process gains worldwide importance, the need for bio-based materials, especially for in-home polymeric use, also increases. This work aims to develop a composite of polylactic acid (PLA) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as a sustainable approach to reinforce the currently commercially available PLA. The studied materials were composites with 5 and 10% NFC that were blended and extruded. Mechanical, structural, and thermal characterization was made before its use for 3D printing. It was found that the inclusion of 10% NFC increased the modulus of elasticity in the filaments from 2.92 to 3.36 GPa. However, a small decrease in tensile strength was observed from 55.7 to 50.8 MPa, which was possibly due to the formation of NFC aggregates in the matrix. This work shows the potential of using PLA mixed with NFC for additive manufacturing.

The Influence of Alkali Treatments on Tensile Strength and Surface Morphology of Cellulose Microfibrils

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Henny Pratiwi ◽  
Dwi Astuti Wijayanti ◽  
Soekrisno
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Cellulose microfibrils were extracted from kenaf fiber by alkali treatments under various conditions to further characterize their properties and verify the factors which induce fiber degradation. Before treatment, the surface morphologies of the base, middle and tip of the raw fiber were observed. The tensile strength of untreated and treated fibers was measured with a universal tensile machine (UTM). Changes in surface morphologies of cellulose microfibrils were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functional group related to cellulosic and non-cellulosic phases. Surface morphology of the middle of the fiber was denser and stronger than that of the periphery and therefore used to define an initial condition of fiber specimen. Alkali treatment in 6% NaOH at room temperature for 1 h increased the tensile strength of the microfibril; 9% NaOH at 100°C for 2 h results in a marked decrease. Damage to the fiber surface and loss of crystallinity were associated with decreased tensile strength.

Commingled composites of polypropylene/coir-sisal yarn: effect of chemical treatments on thermal and tensile properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Arya ◽  
Jose E. Tomlal ◽  
George Gejo ◽  
Joseph Kuruvilla
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractEco-friendly bio-composite of polypropylene (PP)/coir-sisal blended yarn was prepared using commingling technique, in which both the fibers are wound onto a metal plate and then compression molded. Various chemical treatments have been done in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and reinforcement, thereby to increase the properties of the composite. Thermal stability study was done using thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting thermogram reveals that chemical treatments increase the thermal stability of the commingled composite to a considerable extent. A significant increase is observed in the tensile properties of the treated composite especially maleic anhydride modified PP (MAPP) treated composite as compared to the untreated one. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of MAPP treated composite was found to be 29.24 MPa and 1330 MPa, respectively, which was found to be 7.5% and 6.4% greater than that of untreated composite. The experimentally observed tensile properties of the composites were compared with the existing models of reinforced composites. The surface morphology and fiber surface treatments were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Fiber Surface Modification; Characterization of Rattan Fiber Reinforced Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Elvistia Firdaus ◽  
M Dachyar
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Yielding

Increasing the awareness of global warming and the depletion of petroleum resources had made many researchers focuses on using natural materials such as rattan. Its an edible fibers  are prepared to reinforce matrix yielding composite products within the aid of epoxy based resin  and hardener which also perform  as catalyst. The fibres are previously conducted an alkali treatment, this was considered to enhance the cohessiveness of fibers to matrix. Silane and dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) as an adhesives booster is respectively added to the composite formula. The specific purpose of this research is to know the influence of addition of Silane and  DMEA to the final properties of composite; flexural, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and thermal. From the test results it is found that Silane keeps the matrix amorphous, while the addition of DMEA formed crystalline polymer. The ultimate property of the composites are found also depends on fiber woven pattern. 

scholarly journals The Mechanical Properties of UHMWPE Fiber-Knitted Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501801300
Author(s):  
Cuiyu Li ◽  
Gaopan Wang ◽  
Jingyan Jia ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yameng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Uhmwpe Fiber ◽  
Maximum Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Weft Knitted Fabric ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
The Matrix

UHMWPE fiber weft-knitted fabric was modified using a VARTM liquid oxidation molding process. The matrix was epoxy resin. The layer was prepared with vertical symmetry by knitting composite layers 10 and 16 with the unmodified and modified plain weft-knitted fabric of the composite using the two-layer blessing method. Three-point unconstrained bearings were used to conduct tensile and bending tests, and tensile stress-strain curves were obtained using Origin software. Finally, the modification results were observed using a TM3030 scanning electric microscope (SEM). The SEM results reveal longitudinal notches on the treated fiber surface, which improved the interface adhesion to the resin. However, the single yarn strength was reduced by approximately one fifth. After the modification, the knitted fabric's maximum tensile strength increased by 37.7%, and the maximum tensile strength increased by 46.35 percent. The maximum bending force increased by 37.3–53%, and the maximum bending load increased by 53.3–62 percent.

scholarly journals Determination of Mean Intrinsic Flexural Strength and Coupling Factor of Natural Fiber Reinforcement in Polylactic Acid Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarrés ◽  
Oliver-Ortega ◽  
Espinach ◽  
Mutjé ◽  
Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Rule Of Mixtures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Modified Equation

This paper is focused on the flexural properties of bleached kraft softwood fibers, bio-based, biodegradable, and a globally available reinforcement commonly used in papermaking, of reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. The matrix, polylactic acid, is also a bio-based and biodegradable polymer. Flexural properties of composites incorporating percentages of reinforcement ranging from 15 to 30 wt % were measured and discussed. Another objective was to evaluate the strength of the interface between the matrix and the reinforcements, using the rule of mixtures to determine the coupling factor. Nonetheless, this rule of mixtures presents two unknowns, the coupling factor and the intrinsic flexural strength of the reinforcement. Hence, applying a ratio between the tensile and flexural intrinsic strengths and a defined fiber tensile and flexural strength factors, derived from the rule of mixtures is proposed. The literature lacks a precise evaluation of the intrinsic tensile strength of the reinforcements. In order to obtain such intrinsic tensile strength, we used the Kelly and Tyson modified equation as well as the solution provided by Bowyer and Bader. Finally, we were able to characterize the intrinsic flexural strengths of the fibers when used as reinforcement of polylactic acid.

Effect of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Interfacial Properties of Ramie Fiber/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Nan Ting Zhou ◽  
Xiang Bin Shi ◽  
Xiao Juan Sun ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Lan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Effect of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the interfacial properties of ramie fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) matrix was studied. Ramie fibers were respectively covered by the pristine MWCNT, carboxyl functionalized MWCNT and hydroxide functionalized MWCNT through the simple dip coating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that all kinds of MWCNT were distributed on the fiber surface at random with some aggregations. Compared to the pristine MWCNT coated fibers with a water contact angle of 84.5 degree, the functionalized MWCNT coating made the fiber surface more hydrophobic. Polarization microscopy indicated that the functional MWCNT could provide the nucleation to form the intact crystalline structure of PLA on the fiber surface. Micro-bond tests showed that the coating of MWCNT on the fiber surface had no significant effect on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS).

scholarly journals Improvement of the Interfacial Adhesion Between Fiber and Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benaoum Abdelhak ◽  
Mahmoudi Noureddine ◽  
Mahmoudi Hacen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fiber Surface Treatment

AbstractIn this work, the influence of carbon fiber surface treatment on mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester was investigated. Two approaches have been used in the surface treatment; the first is the desizing of the carbon fiber by the release of the epoxy layer. The second is with the release of epoxy layer and etching the fibers. It was concluded that both methods give good results on adhesion between the matrix and the fibers. It is found that the treatment of carbon fibers is efficient and greatly improves the CFRP handress. The tensile strength of composite materials increases by 30% for etched carbon fibers compared to untreated carbon fibers.SEM images confirm the results obtained.

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