scholarly journals Direct Measurement of Mass and Economic Harvest and Post-Harvest Losses in Spanish Persimmon Primary Production

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Maria-Angeles Fernandez-Zamudio ◽  
Héctor Barco ◽  
Felicitas Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
And Storage

Globally, one in every three produced kilograms is wasted at some point along the entire agri-food chain. Unfortunately, knowledge about losses and waste is not equally distributed along the food chain. In fact, in some stages the primary data required to properly estimate the magnitude of the problem are lacking. This is especially true for agricultural production, for which studies that have used on-site measurements are scarce. The present study analyses the mass losses and unpaid share that occur during the harvest process and persimmon storage in warehouses in the Valencia region, Spain. The study was carried out using on-site measurements and primary data from the harvest and storage phases. Losses were also classified according to their causes. The total mass and economic losses were estimated as either 29.5% for the total produced volume or 38.5% for the number of finally commercialised kilograms. This work aims to highlight the complex problem in primary production with the mass and economic losses that farmers bear and to show the potential of loss reduction measures.

Prospects for the development of agrarian production systems in in the Right Bank Polesie of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Tarariko ◽  
L.V. Datsko ◽  
M.O. Datsko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

The aim of the work is to assess the existing and prospective models for the development of agricultural production in Central Polesie on the basis of economic feasibility and ecological balance. The evaluation of promising agricultural production systems was carried out with the help of simulation modeling of various infrastructure options at the levels of crop and multisectoral specialization of agroecosystems. The agro-resource potential of Central Polesie is better implemented in the rotation with lupine, corn and flax dolguntsem with well-developed infrastructure, including crop, livestock units, grain processing and storage systems, feed, finished products and waste processing in the bioenergetic station. The expected income for the formation of such an infrastructure is almost 8 thousand dollars. / with a payback period of capital investments of 2-3 years.

Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 3508-3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Jia ◽  
Mijanur R. Rajib ◽  
Heng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Recognition Pattern ◽  
Functional Mechanism ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Further Development

Background: Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years. Objective: Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae” Strain Mbita1, the Causative Agent of Napier Grass Stunt Disease in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Fischer ◽  
Ivette Santana-Cruz ◽  
Lillian Wambua ◽  
Cassandra Olds ◽  
Charles Midega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Insight Into

Phytoplasmas are bacterial plant pathogens with devastating impact on agricultural production worldwide. In eastern Africa, Napier grass stunt disease causes serious economic losses in the smallholder dairy industry. This draft genome sequence of “ Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae” strain Mbita1 provides insight into its genomic organization and the molecular basis of pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Methods for management of soilborne plant pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Brankica Tanovic
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Soilborne Disease ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Soil Disinfection

Soilborne pathogens cause significant economic losses in agricultural production all over the world. These species can survive for many years in the absence of a host plant by forming persistent structures such as microsclerotia, sclerotia, chlamydospores or oospores. Consequently, soilborne diseases are particularly difficult to predict, detect, diagnose and successfully control. Over the past 30 years, a fumigant, methyl bromide, has been widely used for their control in many crops. In 1992, methyl bromide was listed as an ozone-depleting substance under the Montreal Protocol ? an international treaty to protect the ozone layer. During the phaseout of methyl bromide, problems generated in agricultural production made it clear that dependence on a single method or a single chemical should be avoided. The objective of this review paper was to summarize the current knowledge about different methods of soilborne disease control including: crop rotation, steam soil disinfection, soil amendments, hydroponics and soilless growing systems, soil solarization, grafting, biological control and use of natural compounds, and chemical control. Positive and negative aspects of all available methods were reviewed. Benefits, achieved by simultaneous application of several methods based on different mechanisms of actions, are discussed.

scholarly journals Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Eny Martindah ◽  
Sjamsul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
T2 Toxin

Mycotoxins contamination in animal feed is harmful to livestock and leads to residues, such as aflatoxin and its metabolites (aflatoxin M1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin P1) which are deposited in meat, milk, and eggs. The existence of mycotoxins has been widespread; and mycotoxin is the most important contaminant in the food chain because it has implications for human health. Mold growth and mycotoxin production mainly depend on the weather, such as warm temperatures (28-31°C) and high humidity (60-90%). Some types of mold can produce more than one type of mycotoxin and some mycotoxins can be produced by more than one species of fungi. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin present in feed and feedstuffs that have to be controlled. Mycotoxins are not only harmful to the health of consumers, but will also reduce the quality of the product that is contaminated, and cause economic losses. The risk of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed could be reduced by inhibiting the mould growth and toxin production, through crop rotation, using proper fungicides, and applying regulation of mycotoxins maximum limit in feed and food in order to prevent any danger to public health.

scholarly journals METODY ILOŚCIOWE W BADANIU STRAT I MARNOTRAWSTWA ŻYWNOŚCI W SEKTORZE PRODUKCJI PIERWOTNEJ

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-279
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Niedek ◽  
Karol Krajewski ◽  
Sylwia Łaba ◽  
Krystian Szczepański
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
Intended Use ◽  
Food Wastage ◽  
The Eu

The subject of the article is the review of methods for obtaining data on the amount of losses generated and food wastage in the agricultural production sector. The topic are also recommended methods for collecting this data in the agri-food chain at the EU level. Agriculture is the first link in this chain and the most food losses occur in it. The article presents the determinants of measuring losses and food waste in agriculture, the importance of defining and monitoring the intended use of the product and qualifying losses as food waste. The methods used to quantify the level of food losses in agriculture were also used in the PROM research project implemented under the GOSPOSTRATEG Program.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Practice on DPT Vaccine Distribution and Storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Fitri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Service ◽  
Work Duration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vaccine Distribution ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Dpt Vaccine

ABSTRACTThe diptheria outbreak in Surabaya indicated that immunization program failure. Immunization is primary preventif effort to decrease morbidity of disease. An immunization service is very important to protect vaccine quality through cold chain so that vaccine potency be optimal. The purpose of this study was to analysis of factors which are assosiated with midwive’s practice of DPT vaccine distribution and storage to outreach. This study is applying observational approach using cross sectional method. Populations are all village midwives in public health center East Surabaya. The numbers of sample were 38 midwives taken using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was midwive’s practice of DPT vaccine distribution and storage to outreach and the independent variables of this study were work duration, a history of training of cold chain, sosialization, knowledge, attitude. Primary data were obtained through observation and interview. The results showed that 68.4 % midwive’s practice on DPT vaccine distribution and storage at outreach is good. Independent variable which are significant assosiated with midwive’s practice on DPT vaccine distribution and storage at outreach is sosialization about vaccine distribution and storage (p = 0.026) and value of phi and Cramer’s V = 0.431. Enhancement of socialization again be needed to village midwive as efforts for increase knowledge and attitude.Keywords: midwive, cold chain, vaccine distribution, DPT

Reference on Mycotoxins Occurrence, Prevalence, and Risk Assessment in Food Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-343
Author(s):  
Griffiths Atungulu ◽  
Zeinab Mohammadi-Shad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxins that are produced by different filamentous fungi genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, etc. The word mycotoxin literally is derived from Greek word “myke” meaning fungus and “toxicum” meaning toxin. These contaminants can develop on different food and feed commodities during different stages including pre-harvest, harvest, and storage. Mycotoxins are of concern because their outbreak result in animal and human diseases and economic losses. It has been estimated that global post-harvest losses are approximately at 50%. Human exposure to mycotoxins is typically through consumption of contaminated agricultural products or indirectly by consumption of animal products containing mycotoxins or their metabolites. The chapter provides the latest information on mycotoxin issues and challenges related to food and feed safety.

On the Origin of the Spices (and Other Foodstuffs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Good Starting Point

The beginning of the story of food is what is termed food production. This might sound logically like the process of making food, such as a chef or food company might, but this term is rather generally used in food science to refer to the so-called primary production of food, from growth of crops to harvesting of fish and minding and milking of cows. Primary production is, for example, what farmers do, producing the food that is brought to the farm-gate, from where the processors take over. So the food chain runs, according to your preference for a snappy soundbite, from grass to glass (for milk), farm to fork, slurry to curry, or (taking the food chain to its logical conclusion, and including the role of the human gut charmingly but appropriately in the chain) from farm to flush. But where do these raw materials that are yielded by primary production actually come from? It is often said that all things found on earth can be divided into categories of animal, vegetable, and mineral. To these could perhaps be added two more categories, microbial and synthetic (man-made). Within these five groups can essentially be placed everything we know as food, so using this classification to consider where our food comes from seems like a good starting point for this book. Perhaps the simplest group to start with is minerals, which might intuitively seem an unlikely source of foodstuffs (do we eat metal or rock?), until we consider where salt comes from and how much of it we add to our food (in other words, probably too much). Our bodies, however, absolutely need for us to consume certain metals and other chemical elements to survive, beyond the sodium and chloride we get from salt, and so many extracted minerals find their way from deposits in the earth into food products. This is particularly important where their biological effects are a desirable outcome (such as in carefully formulated nutritional products). In addition, products such as milk contain minerals like calcium, magnesium, zinc, and more, because the infant or calf needs them to thrive.

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