scholarly journals Sulfite Oxidase Activity Level Determines the Sulfite Toxicity Effect in Leaves and Fruits of Tomato Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Umanath Sharma ◽  
Aizat Bekturova ◽  
Yvonne Ventura ◽  
Moshe Sagi
Keyword(s):  
Sulfite Oxidase ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Treated Leaf

Increasing plant tolerance to sulfites/SO2 can lead to the development of tolerant crops to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant sulfite oxidase (SO) is a molybdo-enzyme that oxidizes excess SO2/sulfite into non-toxic sulfate. The effect of toxic sulfite on leaves and fruits was studied in tomato plants with different SO expression: wild-type, SO overexpression (OE) and SO RNA interference (Ri). Sulfite-dipped ripe-fruits and sulfite treated leaf discs of Ri plants impaired in SO activity were more susceptible, whereas OE plants were more resistant, as revealed by remaining chlorophyll and tissue damage levels. Application of molybdenum further enhanced the tolerance of leaf discs to sulfite by enhancing SO activity in OE lines, but not in wild-type or Ri plants. Notably, incubation with tungsten, the molybdenum antagonist, overturned the effect of molybdenum spray in OE plants, revealed by remaining chlorophyll content and SO activity. The results indicate that SO in tomato leaves and ripe fruits determines the resistance to sulfite and the application of molybdenum enhances sulfite resistance in OE plants by increasing SO activity. Overall, the results suggest that SO overexpression can be employed, with or without molybdenum application, for developing fruit and vegetable crops tolerant to sulfite/SO2 containing pre- and postharvest treatments.

Comparison of full-length and conserved segments of wheat dehydrin DHN-5 overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana showed different responses to abiotic and biotic stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Drira ◽  
Moez Hanin ◽  
Khaled Masmoudi ◽  
Faiçal Brini
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Related Stress

Dehydrins (DHNs) are among the most common proteins accumulated in plants under water-related stress. They typically contain at least three conserved sequences designated as the Y-, S- and K-segments. The present work aims to highlight the role of the K-segments in plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. For this purpose, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn. lines expressing distinct wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) DHN-5 truncated constructs with or without the K-segments were generated. Our results showed that unlike the derivative lacking a K-segment, constructs containing only one or two K-segments enhanced the tolerance of A. thaliana to diverse stresses and were similar to the full-length wheat DHN-5. Moreover, compared with the wild-type and the YS form, the transgenic plants overexpressing wheat DHN-5 with K-segments maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxide dismutase enzymatic activity, and accumulated lower levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. In addition, we demonstrated that lines like A. thaliana overexpressing wheat DHN-5 showed increased resistance to fungal infections caused by Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani. Finally, the overexpression of the different forms of wheat DHN-5 led to the regulation of the expression of several genes involved in the jasmonic acid signalling pathway.

scholarly journals Transgene CpNAC68 from Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) Improves Arabidopsis Survival of Multiple Abiotic Stresses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Jie Lin ◽  
Daofeng Liu ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Sajjad Ahmed ◽  
Mingyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

The NAC (NAM, ATAFs, CUC) family of transcription factors (TFs) play a pivotal role in regulating all processes of the growth and development of plants, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet, the functions of NACs from non-model plant species remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we characterized the stress-responsive effects of a NAC gene isolated from wintersweet, an ornamental woody plant that blooms in winter when temperatures are low. CpNAC68 is clustered in the NAM subfamily. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assays demonstrated a nuclear protein that has transcription activator activities. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that CpNAC68 was ubiquitously expressed in old flowers and leaves. Additionally, the expression of CpNAC68 is induced by disparate abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, including drought, heat, cold, salinity, GA, JA, and SA. Ectopic overexpression of CpNAC68 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to cold, heat, salinity, and osmotic stress, yet had no effect on growth and development. The survival rate and chlorophyll amounts following stress treatments were significantly higher than wild type Arabidopsis, and were accompanied by lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) amounts. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that CpNAC68 can be used as a tool to enhance plant tolerance to multiple stresses, suggesting a role in abiotic stress tolerance in wintersweet.

scholarly journals The TonB system in Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-35 is essential for MacA2B2 efflux pump-mediated macrolide resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Dong ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Jinzhu Geng ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Iron Deprivation ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Tonb System ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

AbstractThe TonB system is generally considered as an energy transporting device for the absorption of nutrients. Our recent study showed that deletion of this system caused a significantly increased sensitivity of Aeromonas hydrophila to the macrolides erythromycin and roxithromycin, but had no effect on other classes of antibiotics. In this study, we found the sensitivity of ΔtonB123 to all macrolides tested revealed a 8- to 16-fold increase compared with the wild-type (WT) strain, but this increase was not related with iron deprivation caused by tonB123 deletion. Further study demonstrated that the deletion of tonB123 did not damage the integrity of the bacterial membrane but did hinder the function of macrolide efflux. Compared with the WT strain, deletion of macA2B2, one of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) types of the macrolide efflux pump, enhanced the sensitivity to the same levels as those of ΔtonB123. Interestingly, the deletion of macA2B2 in the ΔtonB123 mutant did not cause further increase in sensitivity to macrolide resistance, indicating that the macrolide resistance afforded by the MacA2B2 pump was completely abrogated by tonB123 deletion. In addition, macA2B2 expression was not altered in the ΔtonB123 mutant, indicating that any influence of TonB on MacA2B2-mediated macrolide resistance was at the pump activity level. In conclusion, inactivation of the TonB system significantly compromises the resistance of A. hydrophila to macrolides, and the mechanism of action is related to the function of MacA2B2-mediated macrolide efflux.

scholarly journals Activation of Local and Systemic Defence Responses by Flg22 Is Dependent on Daytime and Ethylene in Intact Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8354
Author(s):  
Zalán Czékus ◽  
András Kukri ◽  
Kamirán Áron Hamow ◽  
Gabriella Szalai ◽  
Irma Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Defence Responses

The first line of plant defence responses against pathogens can be induced by the bacterial flg22 and can be dependent on various external and internal factors. Here, we firstly studied the effects of daytime and ethylene (ET) using Never ripe (Nr) mutants in the local and systemic defence responses of intact tomato plants after flg22 treatments. Flg22 was applied in the afternoon and at night and rapid reactions were detected. The production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide was induced by flg22 locally, while superoxide was induced systemically, in wild type plants in the light period, but all remained lower at night and in Nr leaves. Flg22 elevated, locally, the ET, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in the light period; these levels did not change significantly at night. Expression of Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), Ethylene response factor 1 (ERF1) and Defensin (DEF) showed also daytime- and ET-dependent changes. Enhanced ERF1 and DEF expression and stomatal closure were also observable in systemic leaves of wild type plants in the light. These data demonstrate that early biotic signalling in flg22-treated leaves and distal ones is an ET-dependent process and it is also determined by the time of day and inhibited in the early night phase.

Identification of a DNA region required for growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato on tomato plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Jackson ◽  
Douglas A. Gray ◽  
Vincent L. Morris ◽  
Diane A. Cuppels
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Nonpathogenic Strain

The prototrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato mutant DC3481, which is the result of a single-site Tn5 insertion, cannot grow and cause disease on tomato plants and cannot use the major organic acids of tomato, i.e., citric, malic, succinic, and tartaric acids, as sole carbon sources. Although nonpathogenic, strain DC3481 can still induce a hypersensitive reaction in nonhost plants. We have identified a 30-kb fragment of P. syringae pv. tomato wild-type DNA that can complement this mutant. EcoRI fragments from this region were subcloned and individually subjected to functional complementation analysis. The 3.8-kb fragment, which was the site of the Tn5 insertion, restored pathogenicity and the ability to use all the major organic acids of tomato as carbon sources. It shares sequence homology with several P. syringae pathovars but not other bacterial tomato pathogens. Our results indicate that sequences on the 3.8-kb EcoRI fragment are required for both the ability to grow on tomato leaves (and thus cause disease) and the utilization of carboxylic acids common to tomato. The 3.8-kb fragment may contain a sequence (or sequences) that regulates both traits. Key words: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, phytopathogenicity, Tn5, tricarboxylic acid metabolism, bacterial speck, growth in planta.

scholarly journals Toxicity Effect of Three Insecticides on Important Pests and Predators in Tomato Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
J. E. R. Gorri ◽  
◽  
R. C. Pereira ◽  
F. M. Alves ◽  
F. L. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Toxicity Effect

scholarly journals Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Priming to Enhance Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Shuya Tan ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Xinli Xia ◽  
Zhonghai Li
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Priming ◽  
Made In

Priming is an adaptive strategy that improves plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Stimuli from chemicals, abiotic cues, and pathogens can trigger the establishment of priming state. Priming with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a potential plant growth regulator, can enhance plant tolerance to the subsequent abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, heat, cold, and UV-B. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable effects of ALA priming on plant physiology remain to be elucidated. Here, we summarize recent progress made in the stress tolerance conferred by ALA priming in plants and provide the underlying molecular and physiology mechanisms of this phenomenon. Priming with ALA results in changes at the physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic levels, and enhances photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, as well as nitrogen assimilation, which in turn increases the resistance of abiotic stresses. However, the signaling pathway of ALA, including receptors as well as key components, is currently unknown, which hinders the deeper understanding of the defense priming caused by ALA. In the future, there is an urgent need to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which ALA regulates plant development and enhances plant defense with the help of forward genetics, multi-omics technologies, as well as genome editing technology.

scholarly journals Level of Sulfite Oxidase Activity Affects Sulfur and Carbon Metabolism in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinara Oshanova ◽  
Assylay Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Aizat Bekturova ◽  
Aigerim Soltabayeva ◽  
Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Sulfite Oxidase ◽  
Sulfite Reductase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Lower Biomass

Molybdenum cofactor containing sulfite oxidase (SO) enzyme is an important player in protecting plants against exogenous toxic sulfite. It was also demonstrated that SO activity is essential to cope with rising dark-induced endogenous sulfite levels and maintain optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in tomato plants exposed to extended dark stress. The response of SO and sulfite reductase to direct exposure of low and high levels of sulfate and carbon was rarely shown. By employing Arabidopsis wild-type, sulfite reductase, and SO-modulated plants supplied with excess or limited carbon or sulfur supply, the current study demonstrates the important role of SO in carbon and sulfur metabolism. Application of low and excess sucrose, or sulfate levels, led to lower biomass accumulation rates, followed by enhanced sulfite accumulation in SO impaired mutant compared with wild-type. SO-impairment resulted in the channeling of sulfite to the sulfate reduction pathway, resulting in an overflow of organic S accumulation. In addition, sulfite enhancement was followed by oxidative stress contributing as well to the lower biomass accumulation in SO-modulated plants. These results indicate that the role of SO is not limited to protection against elevated sulfite toxicity but to maintaining optimal carbon and sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis plants.

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