scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Studies Reveal Mechanisms of Effects of CPPU-Mediated Fruit-Setting on Attenuating Volatile Attributes of Melon Fruit

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Jufen Li ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Dandan Ren ◽  
Tan Wang ◽  
Ying Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Alcohol Acyltransferase ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Melon Fruit

N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N3-phenylurea (CPPU), a synthetic cytokinin-active compound, is widely applied to induce parthenocarpic fruit set and enhance melon fruit enlargement (Cucumis melo L.). CPPU may also influence fruit quality; however, the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. We investigated the differences in volatile emissions between parthenocarpic fruit set by CPPU (C) and seeded fruit set by artificial pollination (P). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that six volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the P-group fruits were not detected in C-group fruits. The relative abundances of another 14 VOCs emitted by the CPPU-treated fruits were less than those in the P-group fruits. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that a total of 1027, 994, and 743 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the C20 (treatment with 20 mg·L–1 CPPU) vs. P, P-C20 (pollination followed by 20 mg·L−1 CPPU treatment) vs. P, and P-C20 vs. C20 treatments, respectively. Compared with the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, the DEGs related to fatty acid degradation and metabolism, which contribute to volatile production, were enriched. In particular, DEGs such as carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD)-, lipoxygenase (LOX)-, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-, and alcohol acyltransferase (ATT)-related genes were closely related to the formation of volatiles. In summary, our study provides a metabolic and transcriptomic atlas, reveals the impact of CPPU on VOCs, and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of CPPU that contribute towards generally reducing the quality of melon fruit.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility and Self-fruitfulness in Pear cv. Agua de Aranjuez

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanzol ◽  
Maria Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Performance Results

Most pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars are impaired to set fruit under self-pollination, because self-fertilization is prevented by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system. However, accumulated information in this species shows that often for a same cultivar, after self-pollination, a variable response in fruit set can be obtained in different years or growing conditions. In this work, we characterize self-incompatibility and self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’, the main Spanish pear cultivar, which also shows a variable response to self-pollination. Two years with a different fruit setting response after self-pollination, one with no fruit set and the other with a moderate fruit set, were compared for parthenocarpic fruit development and for pollen tube performance. Results show that in both years, this cultivar behaves as self-incompatible with absence of parthenocarpy. In selfed flowers, most pollen tubes are arrested in the upper half of the style, although in a small proportion of the styles, a pollen tube can reach the base of the style and eventually effect fertilization. Self-fertilization, although occurring at a low level, can explain the fruit set levels obtained under self-pollination given that flowers with just one fertilized ovule are able to set fruit. This behavior could explain confusing results about self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’ and other pear cultivars.

scholarly journals Forchlorfenuron Application Induced Parthenocarpic Fruit Formation without Affecting Fruit Quality of Cucumber

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Li Su ◽  
Miaoqing Wang ◽  
Yuean Wang ◽  
Rahat Sharif ◽  
Nannan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Female Flowers

The plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron is often applied to promote fruit setting and development in cucumber production. However, the effect of forchlorfenuron on the appearance and nutritional quality of cucumber is unknown. In the present study, forchlorfenuron was applied to female flowers 1 day before anthesis and at the day of anthesis. The application of forchlorfenuron successfully induced parthenocarpic fruit formation in cucumber. In addition, cytokinin-responsive genes were upregulated under forchlorfenuron treatment. Fruit treated with forchlorfenuron did not differ from pollinated fruit in shape, texture and major nutrients, such as protein, total flavonoids and vitamin C, with the exception of the lower phenolic acid content. Overall, our finding suggests that forchlorfenuron could be vital in promoting the parthenocarpic fruit set without altering the quality of cucumber.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus G. Don) genes in response to parthenocarpy induced by GA3 through transcriptome analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Wen ◽  
Wenliang Song ◽  
Mingyue Sun ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Qin Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Gibberellin Treatment

AbstractFruit set after successful pollination is a key process in the production of sweet cherries, but low fruit rate is the main problem for crop production in sweet cherries. Gibberellin treatment can directly induce parthenogenesis without pollination; therefore, gibberellin treatment is a very important method to improve the fruit setting rate of sweet cherries. Exogenous gibberellin can satisfy the hormone requirement during fruit growth and development. Some related studies have mainly focused on physiological aspects, such as breeding, branching, fertilization, etc., and the molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of ‘Meizao’ sweet cherry fruit treated with gibberellin during the anthesis and hard-core period to determine the genes associated with parthenocarpic fruit set. A total of 765 and 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found at anthesis and the hard-core stage after gibberellin 3 (GA3) treatment, respectively. The differentially expressed genes between the control and GA3 treatment showed that the GA3 response mainly included parthenocarpic fruit set and cell division. Exogenous gibberellin stimulated sweet cherry parthenocarpy and enlargement, which were verified by qRT-PCR results of related genes and the parthenocarpic fruit set and fruit size. Based on our research and previous studies on Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified the key genes associated with parthenocarpic fruit set and cell division. Briefly, we found patterns in the sweet cherry fruit setting-related DEGs, especially those associated with hormone balance, cytoskeleton formation and cell wall modification. Overall, the result provides a possible molecular mechanism regulating parthenocarpic fruit set, which is important for basic research and industrial development of sweet cherries.Highlightcherry genes in response to parthenocarpy and promote to fruit setting induced by GA3.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of the Fecal Archaeome in Suckling Piglets Following Perinatal Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zeineldin ◽  
Ameer Megahed ◽  
Benjamin Blair ◽  
Brian Aldridge ◽  
James Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in swine health and wellbeing, but the gut archaeome structure and function in swine remain largely unexplored. To date, no metagenomics-based analysis has been done to assess the impact of an early life antimicrobials intervention on the gut archaeome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal tulathromycin (TUL) administration on the fecal archaeome composition and diversity in suckling piglets using metagenomic sequencing analysis. Sixteen litters were administered one of two treatments (TUL; 2.5 mg/kg IM and control (CONT); saline 1cc IM) soon after birth. Deep fecal swabs were collected from all piglets on days 0 (prior to treatment), 5, and 20 post intervention. Each piglet’s fecal archaeome was composed of rich and diverse communities that showed significant changes over time during the suckling period. At the phylum level, 98.24% of the fecal archaeome across all samples belonged to Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, the predominant archaeal genera across all samples were Methanobrevibacter (43.31%), Methanosarcina (10.84%), Methanococcus (6.51%), and Methanocorpusculum (6.01%). The composition and diversity of the fecal archaeome between the TUL and CONT groups at the same time points were statistically insignificant. Our findings indicate that perinatal TUL metaphylaxis seems to have a minimal effect on the gut archaeome composition and diversity in sucking piglets. This study improves our current understanding of the fecal archaeome structure in sucking piglets and provides a rationale for future studies to decipher its role in and impact on host robustness during this critical phase of production.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Auxin Transport from the Ovary or from the Apical Shoot Induces Parthenocarpic Fruit-Set in Tomato Mediated by Gibberellins

2010 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 851-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Serrani ◽  
Esther Carrera ◽  
Omar Ruiz-Rivero ◽  
Lina Gallego-Giraldo ◽  
Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Apical Shoot

scholarly journals Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms in Bupleurum L. (Apiaceae) Induced by Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Jialin Sun ◽  
Weinan Li ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Yun Guo ◽  
Zejia Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Nitrogen Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Bupleurum (Apiaceae) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although roots are the only used parts in China, other countries use the whole plant. The yield and quality of Bupleurum depend mainly on fertilizers, especially nitrogen. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the nitrogen fertilization level and the quality and metabolomic response of different parts (flowers, main shoots, lateral shoots and roots) of Bupleurum to three nitrogen fertilization levels (control group: 0 kg·ha−1; low-nitrogen group: 55 kg·ha−1; high-nitrogen group: 110 kg·ha−1). The results showed that a high nitrogen level increases Bupleurum yield and quality parameters only in aerial parts, especially flowers, but has no significant effect on roots. The HPLC method was exploited for simultaneous quantification of three saikosaponins (A, C and D), which are the main bioactive components in the plant. It was found that the total content of saikosaponins decreased with high nitrogen fertilization in roots but significantly increased in flowers. Moreover, nitrogen fertilizer promoted the content of saikosaponin A but inhibited saikosaponins C and saikosaponins D in most parts of the plant. To study the response of primary metabolites, we adopted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC−MS) analysis; 84 metabolites were identified that were mostly up-regulated with a high nitrogen level in flowers but down-regulated in roots. Four differential metabolites—D-fructose, lactose, ether and glycerol—were recognized as key metabolites in Bupleurum under nitrogen fertilization. Meanwhile, The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results explained that the impact of nitrogen fertilization on Bupleurum was attributed to the C-metabolism, N-metabolism, and lipids metabolism. This research put forward new insights into potential mechanisms and the relationship between the quality and yield of Bupleurum and nitrogen fertilization.

scholarly journals Morphological features of Hylotelephium triphillum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) under different light conditions when introduced into the steppe zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilyevna Privalko
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades floral devices in a natural style has been becoming more common in gardening. In this connection there was a need for the introduction and study of the natural flora of plants in order to attract them to simulate the decorative and resistant plants. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of different light conditions on the habitat features and decorative biomorphological Hylotelephium triphyllum (Haw.) Holub (Crassulaceae DC.) when introduced in SE Donetsk Botanical Garden. This species is found naturally in the flora of Donbass, a decorative, but, according to the results of our analysis, is rarely used in green construction. Bioecological certification of this type has been done. It has been determined that the impact of site lighting conditions on the growth and development of H. triphyllum expressed in significantly smaller numbers of vegetative and generative shoots in the shaded areas. However, since the diameter of the plants does not change, more thickened planting in these areas is not recommended. The author found the dependence of the variation of the biometric data on the lighting conditions. In the study of seasonal dynamics of H. triphyllum the author revealed that the development of above-ground organs of his passes with a positive amount of average daily air temperatures. The growing season lasts an average of 225 days. Start of spring regrowth is observed in the second half of March - early April, flowering - in August - September, fruits - in September - October. Vegetation stops when temperature goes below zero. Illumination of this type of habitat affect the time of vegetation beginning, budding, flowering, fruit set and fruit-bearing. On the shaded areas due to the later start of budding and flowering the most decorative period of H. triphyllum is shorter by an average of 10 days. This type is recommended for creation of group planting, stony hills, dry streams, rock gardens, rockeries, mixborders, curbs, ornamental compositions in the coastal zone of ornamental ponds and fountains in the steppe zone in areas with different light conditions, taking into account the above factors.

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Agricultural Residues: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time on the Process Products Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jagodzińska ◽  
Michał Czerep ◽  
Edyta Kudlek ◽  
Mateusz Wnukowski ◽  
Marek Pronobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract To date, few studies on the potential utilization of agricultural residue torrefaction products have been performed. Thus, torrefaction product characterization aimed at its potential utilization was performed. Wheat–barley straw pellets and wheat–rye chaff were used in the study. The impact of the torrefaction temperature (280–320 °C) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in the biochar and noncondensable gas (noncondensables) composition was investigated. The impact of the torrefaction time (30–75 min) on the composition of the condensable volatiles (condensables) and their toxicity were also studied. The torrefaction process was performed in a batch-scale reactor. The PAH contents were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the noncondensables composition was measured online using a gas analyzer and then gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The condensables composition and main compound quantification were determined and quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Three toxicity tests, for saltwater bacteria (Microtox® bioassay), freshwater crustaceans (Daphtoxkit F magna®), and vascular plants (Lemna sp. growth inhibition test), were performed for the condensables. The PAHs content in the biochar, regardless of the torrefaction temperature, allows them to be used in agriculture. The produced torgas shall be co-combusted with full-caloric fuel because of its low calorific value. Toxic compounds (furans and phenols) were identified in the condensable samples, and regardless of the processing time, the condensables were classified as highly toxic. Therefore, they can be used either as pesticides or as an anaerobic digestion substrate after their detoxification.

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